Научная статья на тему 'CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION OF EXTRA-BUDGET FUNDS OF BUDGETARY ORGANIZATIONS ON THE BASIS OF BUSINESS'

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION OF EXTRA-BUDGET FUNDS OF BUDGETARY ORGANIZATIONS ON THE BASIS OF BUSINESS Текст научной статьи по специальности «Экономика и бизнес»

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Ключевые слова
accounting / budget organization / off-budget fund / revenue / cash / expenses / current account / accounting / budget organization / off-budget fund / revenue / cash / expenses / current account

Аннотация научной статьи по экономике и бизнесу, автор научной работы — Mamayunusov Bekzod

This article discusses the features of the formation of extra -budgetary funds of budgetary organizations and their formation on the basis of entrepreneurship. Proposals have been made on the formation of extra-budgetary funds of budgetary organizations in the manner of entrepreneurship and the improvement of their accounting. systematized the stages of development of accounting in budgetary institutions from the point of view of extra-budgetary activities, assessed the local practice of accounting for extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget. justified the classification of extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget, the definition of the concept of "target funds".Budget institutions performing business activities are participants in market relations along with other organizational and legal entities, they provide public services, sell goods, perform work, and at the same time receive expenses and income. The Budget Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan has not developed a clear description of the procedure for the formation of revenues and expenses of the budget institution. As a result, keeping budget accounts in practice causes many difficulties, especially transactions related to the implementation of business activities. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize and significantly unify the accounting of transactions related to extra-budgetary funds, as well as to solve the currently controversial issue of recognizing income and expenses from the business activities of budget institutions. Unlike commercial enterprises, the task of accounting for extra-budgetary funds of budgetary institutions is not only to provide information for the purpose of making investment and management decisions, but also to ensure control over the activities of institutions by state bodies. Reforming the budget account is an urgent task in order to ensure the transparency of business activity and increase its efficiency. Now the situation is such that the information in the legally established financial reporting network is not enough for the management of the institution to make informed management decisions and for the founder to control extra-budgetary activities. The current stage of the development of budget accounting of budget organizations includes its two traditional sectors budget execution accounting and unification of accounting in budget institutions and transition to a single plan of accounts for budget accounting. Budget accounting information and, as a result, the state balance is formed based on the accounting of each individual budget institution, which allows local and international users to present information on a qualitatively new basis. The information describing the state activity includes extra-budgetary indicators of institutions financed from different levels of budgets.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION OF EXTRA-BUDGET FUNDS OF BUDGETARY ORGANIZATIONS ON THE BASIS OF BUSINESS

This article discusses the features of the formation of extra -budgetary funds of budgetary organizations and their formation on the basis of entrepreneurship. Proposals have been made on the formation of extra-budgetary funds of budgetary organizations in the manner of entrepreneurship and the improvement of their accounting. systematized the stages of development of accounting in budgetary institutions from the point of view of extra-budgetary activities, assessed the local practice of accounting for extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget. justified the classification of extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget, the definition of the concept of "target funds".Budget institutions performing business activities are participants in market relations along with other organizational and legal entities, they provide public services, sell goods, perform work, and at the same time receive expenses and income. The Budget Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan has not developed a clear description of the procedure for the formation of revenues and expenses of the budget institution. As a result, keeping budget accounts in practice causes many difficulties, especially transactions related to the implementation of business activities. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize and significantly unify the accounting of transactions related to extra-budgetary funds, as well as to solve the currently controversial issue of recognizing income and expenses from the business activities of budget institutions. Unlike commercial enterprises, the task of accounting for extra-budgetary funds of budgetary institutions is not only to provide information for the purpose of making investment and management decisions, but also to ensure control over the activities of institutions by state bodies. Reforming the budget account is an urgent task in order to ensure the transparency of business activity and increase its efficiency. Now the situation is such that the information in the legally established financial reporting network is not enough for the management of the institution to make informed management decisions and for the founder to control extra-budgetary activities. The current stage of the development of budget accounting of budget organizations includes its two traditional sectors budget execution accounting and unification of accounting in budget institutions and transition to a single plan of accounts for budget accounting. Budget accounting information and, as a result, the state balance is formed based on the accounting of each individual budget institution, which allows local and international users to present information on a qualitatively new basis. The information describing the state activity includes extra-budgetary indicators of institutions financed from different levels of budgets.

Текст научной работы на тему «CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION OF EXTRA-BUDGET FUNDS OF BUDGETARY ORGANIZATIONS ON THE BASIS OF BUSINESS»

BYUDJET TASHKILOTLARINING BYUDJETDAN TASHQARI MABLAG'LARINI TADBIRKORLIK ASOSIDA

SHAKLLANTIRISHNING XUSUSIYATLARI

O'qtuvchi Mamayunusov Bekzod Ravshanovich

"Alfraganus University"

e-mail: Email:[email protected]

Annotatsiya

Mazkur maqolada byudjet tashkilotlarining byudjetdan tashqari jamg'armalarini shakllantirish va ularni tadbirkorlik asosida shakllantirish xususiyatlari bayon qilingan. Byudjet tashkilotlarining byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larini tadbirkorlik qilib shakllantirish va ularning hisobini takomillashtirish bo'yicha takliflar berilgan. Byudjet muassasalarida buxgalteriya hisobini byudjetdan tashqari faoliyat nuqtai nazaridan rivojlantirish bosqichlarini tizimlashtirdi, byudjetdan moliyalashtiriladigan muassasalarning byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larini hisobga olishning mahalliy amaliyotini baholadi. Byudjetdan moliyalashtiriladigan muassasalarning byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lari tasnifini, "maqsadli mablag'lar" tushunchasining ta'rifini asoslab berdi. Tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshiruvchi byudjet muassasalari boshqa tashkiliy-huquqiy shakldagi xo'jalik yurituvchi sub'ektlar bilan bir qatorda bozor munosabatlarining ishtirokchilari bo'lib, pullik xizmatlar ko'rsatadilar, tovarlarni sotishadi, ishlarni bajarishadi, shu bilan birga xarajatlar va daromad olishadi.

O'zbekiston Respublikasining Byudjet kodeksida byudjet muassasasining daromadlari va xarajatlarini shakllantirish tartibining aniq tavsifi ishlabchiqilmagan.Natijada, amalda byudjet hisobini yuritish ko'plab qiyinchiliklarni, ayniqsa tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshirish bilan bog'liq muomalalarni keltirib chiqaradi. SHu bois byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lar bilan bog'liq muomalalarni hisobga olishni tizimlashtirish va sezilarli darajada unifikatsiya qilish, shuningdek, hozirda munozarali bo'lgan byudjet muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olinadigan daromad va xarajatlarni tan olish masalasini hal etish zarur. Tijorat korxonalaridan farqli o'laroq, byudjet muassasalarining byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lari bo'yicha buxgalteriya hisobining vazifasi nafaqat investitsiya va boshqaruv qarorlarini qabul qilish maqsadida axborot bilan ta'minlash, balki davlat organlari tomonidan muassasalar faoliyati ustidan nazoratni ta'minlashdan iborat. Tadbirkorlik faoliyatining shaffofligini ta'minlash va samaradorligini oshirish maqsadida byudjet hisobini isloh qilish dolzarb vazifa hisoblanadi. Endi vaziyat shundayki, qonuniy ravishda belgilangan moliyaviy hisobotlar to'plamidagi ma'lumotlar muassasa rahbariyati tomonidan asoslangan boshqaruv qarorlarini qabul qilish va ta'sischi tomonidan byudjetdan tashqari faoliyatni nazorat qilish uchun etarli emas. Byudjet tashkilotlarining byudjet hisobi rivojlanishining hozirgi bosqichi uning ikkita an'anaviy sektorini - byudjetlar ijrosini hisobga olish va byudjet muassasalarida buxgalteriya hisobini birlashtirishni va byudjet hisobini yuritish uchun yagona hisoblar rejasiga o'tishni o'z ichiga oladi. Byudjet buxgalteriya hisobi ma'lumotlari va natijada har bir alohida byudjet muassasasida buxgalteriya hisobi asosida davlat balansi shakllantiriladi, bu esa mahalliy va xalqaro foydalanuvchilarga ma'lumotlarni sifat jihatidan yangi asosda taqdim etish imkonini beradi. Davlat faoliyatini tavsiflovchi ma'lumotlar tarkibiga turli darajadagi byudjetlardan moliyalashtiriladigan muassasalarning byudjetdan tashqari ko'rsatkichlari kiradi.

Kalit so'zlar:tadbirkorlik, suv xo'jaligi, byudjet tashkiloti, byudjetdan tashqari mablag', daromadlar, pul mablag'lari, xarajatlar

Annotation

This article discusses the features of the formation of extra -budgetary funds of budgetary organizations and their formation on the basis of entrepreneurship. Proposals have been made on the formation of extra-budgetary funds of budgetary organizations in the manner of entrepreneurship and the improvement of their accounting, systematized the stages of development of accounting in budgetary institutions from the point of view of extra-budgetary activities, assessed the local practice of accounting for extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget, justified the classification of extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget, the definition of the concept of "target funds".Budget institutions performing business activities are participants in market relations along with other organizational and legal entities, they provide public services, sell goods,

perform work, and at the same time receive expenses and income. The Budget Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan has not developed a clear description of the procedure for the formation of revenues and expenses of the budget institution. As a result, keeping budget accounts in practice causes many difficulties, especially transactions related to the implementation of business activities. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize and significantly unify the accounting of transactions related to extra-budgetary funds, as well as to solve the currently controversial issue of recognizing income and expenses from the business activities of budget institutions. Unlike commercial enterprises, the task of accounting for extra-budgetary funds of budgetary institutions is not only to provide information for the purpose of making investment and management decisions, but also to ensure control over the activities of institutions by state bodies. Reforming the budget account is an urgent task in order to ensure the transparency of business activity and increase its efficiency. Now the situation is such that the information in the legally established financial reporting network is not enough for the management of the institution to make informed management decisions and for the founder to control extra-budgetary activities. The current stage of the development of budget accounting of budget organizations includes its two traditional sectors - budget execution accounting and unification of accounting in budget institutions and transition to a single plan of accounts for budget accounting. Budget accounting information and, as a result, the state balance is formed based on the accounting of each individual budget institution, which allows local and international users to present information on a qualitatively new basis. The information describing the state activity includes extra-budgetary indicators of institutions financed from different levels of budgets.

Key words:accounting, budget organization, off-budget fund, revenue, cash, expenses, current account.

KIRISH

Ayni paytda turli darajadagi byudjetlardan moliyalashtiriladigan muassasalar tomonidan davlat mulkidan samarali foydalanish, moddiy-texnika bazasini rivojlantirish, ijtimoiy sohani ta'minlash uchun zarur bo'lgan qo'shimcha mablag'larni jalb etish maqsadida Ustavda ruxsat etilgan tadbirlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Muassasalar byudjetdan ajratmalarni olish va sarflash bilan bog'liq bo'Imagan byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larni ham sarflashlari mumkin. Byudjet muassasalari o'z moddiy-texnika bazasini rivojlantirish uchun byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lar va tadbirkorlik asosida yaratilgan daromadlardan foydalanishi mumkin. Ilgari budjetdan tashqari jamg'armalar ma'lum rol o'ynagan bo'lsa, bugungi kunda ko'pchilik byudjet tashkilotlariga moliyaviy mustaqillik natijasida shakllangan byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larni keng miqyosda tejash va o'zlashtirishga Hukumat tomonidan ruxsat berilgan. yo'l qo'yilmoqda va bu davlat sektorida bozor munosabatlari tizimiga o'tish uchun sharoit yaratilayotganidan dalolatdir. Shu bilan birga, muassasada yechimini kutayotgan, jumladan, byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larni buxgalteriya hisobida aks ettirish va ularni hal etish masalalari va muammolar ko'lami kengaymoqda. Butun buxgalteriya tizimining bir qismi sifatida byudjet hisobi o'zining maxsus qonunchilik bazasining mavjudligi bilan tavsiflanadi va byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lar bilan bevosita bog'liq bo'lmagan operatsiyalarni hisobga olish institutlar tashkil etilgan maqsadlar uchun batafsilroq ma'lumotni talab qiladi. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Fuqarolik kodeksi va O'zbekiston Respublikasi Byudjet kodeksining takomillashtirilgani byudjet muassasalarida buxgalteriya hisobiga qo'yiladigan talablarni huquqiy hujjatlar bilan aniqlashtirishga asos bo'lmoqda. Ushbu hujjatlar muassasaning budjetdan tashqari mablag'larining mazmuni va mohiyatini turli yo'llar bilan, muassasa tomonidan ulardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari va yo'nalishlarini, shuningdek, byudjet va byudjetdan tashqari faoliyat bo'yicha buxgalteriya hisobi ma'lumotlarini unifikatsiya qilish usullarini belgilaydi. mos keladi. Muassasalarning budjetdan tashqari mablag'lari O'zbekiston Respublikasining Byudjet kodeksi, O'zbekiston Respublikasi byudjet daromadlarining iqtisodiy tasnifi, respublika Moliya vazirligining tegishli buyruqlari bilan tasdiqlangan byudjet muassasalarida buxgalteriya hisobi bo'yicha yo'riqnomalar bilan tartibga solinadi. O'zbekiston. Shu bilan birga, muassasalarning byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larining ilmiy asoslangan yagona tasnifi, ularning tushumlari va xarajatlari, kassa va haqiqiy xarajatlari, daromadlari hisobini yuritish tartibining yo'qligi hamda ularni hisobga olish uchun sintetik reyestr tuzilmalarini qo'shimcha yaratish va takomillashtirish muammolari mavjud. haligacha hal etilmagan. bajarilmagan.

ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI

S.U.Mehmonov hamda D.Y.Ubaydullaev Byudjet tashkilotlarida buxgalteriya hisobi: kitobining 78 betida Davlat budjeti taqchilligini moliyalashtirish manbalari tasnifi taqchillikni moliyalashtirishning ichki va tashqi manbalari bo'yicha guruhlash tartibining nazariya va amaliyot uchun foydalanish maqsadida malumotlar berib borilgan. (Toshkent Iqtisod-moliya 2016 78-bet) S. SALAYEV, M. GULMANOV, D. SAIDOV, J. ATAYEV, B. TADJIYEV® TADBIRKORLIK FAOLIYATINI REJALASHTIRISH ASOSLARI Ushbu o'quv qo'llanma tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshirish, uni rejalashtirish va rivojlantirishmng nazariy-uslubiy va amaliy muammolariga bag'ishlangan. Qo'llanmada yangi tadbirkorlik subyektlarini tashkil etish va noaniq bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida faoliyat ko'rsatayotgan tadbirkorlik subyektlarini rivojlantirish rejalarini ishiab chiqish kabi masalalar ko'rib chiqilgan. (T: TAQI, 2004 - 10 b3 jXudoyberdiev Z umumiy tahriri ostida Tadbirkorlik va biznes asoslari: O'quv qo'llanma o'z ichiga korxona va kichik korxonalar mohiyati, tadbirkorlik mazmuni va uning jamiyat uchun ahamiyati, tadbirkorlik salohiyati va xarakteri qirralari, tadbirkor bo'lish yo'llari, biznes g'oya, o'z biznesini yaratish yo'llari va uni boshqarish usullari, biznes-rejani tayyorlash hamda o'z biznesini rivojlantirishning keyingi yo'nalishlari, tadbirkorlik sub'ektlarini soliqqa tortish tartibi nazariy va uslubiy jihatdan atroflicha yoritilgan. O'zbekiston Respublikasining "O'zbekiston Respublikasining 2020-yilgi Davlat byudjeti to'g'risida"gi qonuni. Normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar milliy bazasi, Qonunning maqsadi 2023-yil uchun O'zbekiston Respublikasining konsolidatsiyalashgan budjetini shakllantirish va ijro etish bilan bog'liq munosabatlarni tartibga solishdan iborat. 23.12.2020 y., № 03/20/655/1660.

METODOLOGIYA

Byudjet tashkilotlarining byudjetdan tashqari tadbirkorlik negizida mablag'larni shakllantirish maqsadi va ahamiyati. Ushbu maqsadga erishish uchun ishda quyidagi vazifalar belgilandi.

- byudjetdan moliyalashtiriladigan muassasalarning byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lari bilan operatsiyalarni hisobga olishning rivojlanish tarixini o'rganish;

-byudjet muassasalari tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan tadbirkorlik faoliyatining huquqiy va iqtisodiy xususiyatlarini asoslash;

-muassasalarning byudjetdan tashqari jamg'armalarining har xiI turdagi o'ziga xos tasniflash xususiyatlarini aniqlash va ularni tasniflashni taklif qilish;

-byudjet muassasalarining byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lari bilan operatsiyalarni hisobga olish tartiblarini tizimlashtirish va unifikatsiya qilish bo'yicha takliflar ishiab chiqish;

- byudjet muassasalarining tartibga solinadigan moliyaviy hisobotlari doirasida byudjetdan tashqari faoliyat ko'rsatkichlari bo'yicha ma'lumotlar tahlilini takomillashtirish bo'yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishiab chiqish;

-byudjetdan tashqari tadbirlarni tahlil qilish, byudjet muassasalari tomonidan uni amalga oshirishning maqsadga muvofiqligi va byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lardan foydalanish samaradorligini baholashning tashkiliy-uslubiy yondashuvlarini taklif qilish.

Tadqiqot tizimi. Bu byudjet tashkilotlarida budjetdan tashqari mablag'lar hisobini yuritishning nazariy va uslubiy asoslarini takomillashtirish jarayonlarida yuzaga keladigan iqtisodiy munosabatlardir. Tadqiqot ob'ekti - budjet tashkilotlarining byudjetdan tashqari jamg'armalar bo'yicha moliyaviy-xo'jalik faoliyati va buxgalteriya hisobi.

Byudjet muassasalarida tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olinadigan daromadlar va xarajatlar hisobini takomillashtirish. Muassasa tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olingan mablag'lar uning daromadlari va xarajatlari manbai hisoblanadi. Daromad va xarajatlarni baholashning mohiyati va usullarini aniqlash buxgalteriya hisobi nazariyasining asosiy muammolari hisoblanadi. Xususan, bu byudjet muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olinadigan daromadlari va xarajatlariga taalluqlidir. Byudjet muassasasining tadbirkorlik daromadlari va xarajatlarining iqtisodiy mohiyatiga qarama-qarshi ikki qarash mavjud. Birinchisi, byudjet hisobi sohasidagi bir qator mutaxassislar tomonidan aks ettirilgan va qo'llab-quvvatlangan.Byudjet muassasalarining tadbirkorlik va boshqa daromad keltiruvchi faoliyatdan olingan daromadlari byudjet muassasalarining daromadlari va xarajatlari mulkiga, ya'ni daromadlar va xarajatlar o'rtasidagi ekvivalentlik holatiga xos bo'lishi kerak:- budjetning barcha xarajatlari byudjet daromadlarining umumiy miqdori bilan qoplanishi kerak (ya'ni xarajatlar daromadlar, ularning hosilalari bo'yicha hisoblab chiqiladi va umumiy daromaddan kelib chiqib taqsimlanadi);- budjet daromadlarini

ayrim byudjet xarajatlari bilan bog'lab bo'Imaydi.Binobarin, byudjet muassasasining tadbirkorlik faoliyati jarayonida ishlab chiqarilgan (ko'rsatilgan) mahsulot (ishlar, xizmatlar) tannarxi mavjud emas. Biroq, boshqa ekspertlarning fikricha, byudjet muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olinadigan daromadlari byudjet daromadlari tarkibiga kiritilmasligi kerak, chunki ular boshqacha xususiyatga ega. Raqobatbardosh bozor munosabatlarida ishtiroketuvchi byudjet muassasalari uchun xo'jalikyurituvchi sub'ektning iqtisodiy nuqtai nazardan daromadi sotilgan mahsulot, bajarilgan ishlar va ko'rsatilgan xizmatlar uchun to'lovdan boshqa narsa emas. Darhaqiqat, byudjet muassasalari o'z mahsulotlari (ishlari, xizmatlari) narxini shakllantiradilar, bu ushbu mavzu bo'yicha ko'plab maqolalar bilan tasdiqlangan. Byudjet muassasasining tadbirkorlik va boshqa daromad keltiruvchi faoliyatdan olingan daromadlari budjet muassasasining daromadlari va xarajatlari smetasida hisobga olinadi va tegishli byudjetning daromadlarida to'liq aks ettiriladi. soliqlar va yig'imlar to'g'risidagi qonun hujjatlarida nazarda tutilgan soliqlar va yig'imlar to'langanidan keyin davlat yoki munitsipal mulk ob'ektlaridan foydalanish yoki xizmatlar ko'rsatishdan olingan daromad sifatida. Qonun chiqaruvchi mazkur tuzatish bilan byudjet muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olinadigan foydani soliqqa tortish masalasiga oydinlik kiritdi. Boshqa tomondan, bizning fikrimizcha, BC matniga kiritilgan tuzatishlar natijasida byudjet daromadi muassasaning tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan daromad olish emas, balki foyda olishi kerak. Shu bilan birga, byudjet muassasalarida tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olinadigan daromadlarva xarajatlarni shakllantirishning mohiyati va tamoyillari to'g'risidagi masala hal etilmagan.

NATIJALAR

Tadbirkorlik faoliyati bo'yicha majburiy tarzda daromadlar va xarajtlar smetasi (tadbirkorllik smetasi) tuziladi va unda daromadlar tushumi darajasi va byudjet xarajatlari byudjet tasnifining moddalari bilan to'liq muvofiqlikda ularning xarajatlanishi yo'nalishlari rejalashtiriladi. Smeta shaklini Moliya Vazirligi tasdiqlaydi. Unda yilning boshida mavjud bo'lgan mablag'lar qoldig'i va moliyaviy yil mobaynida rejalashtirilayotgan tushumlarni daromad qismida va tasdiqlangan yo'nalishlar bo'yicha mablag'larni ishlatishni xarajat qismida aks ettirish nazarda tutilgan. Bu holda xarajatlarni rejalashtirish ko'zda tutilayotgan sotish hajmlari, shtatlar jadvali, tasdiqlangan shtatlar va narxlar, kontingantlar va boshqalar asosida amalga oshiriladi. Tadbirkorlik bo'yicha smetada mablag'larni ish xaqi to'loviga, rag'batlantiruvchi xarakterdagi to'lovlarga, ijtimoiy sug'urta va ta'minot fondlariga ajratmalarga, byudjetdan qarzdorlikni koplashga, asosiy vositalar, kam bahodagi predmetlarni sotib olishga, material va oziq-ovqat maxsulotlarini sotib olishga, ko'zda tutilmagan xarajatlarni amalga oshirishga va boshqalarga yo'naltirilganligi o'z aksini topishi zarur. tadbirkorlik smetasi va uning ilovalarini (daromadlar va xarajatlar moddalari bo'yicha hisob-kitoblar va asosnomalar, ishlab chiqarish ko'o'rsatkichlari haqida ma'lumotlar. tushuntirish xatlari) byudjet mablag'larini tasarruf etuvchilar tasdiqlaydi, faqat shundan keyingina tabirkorlik va boshqa daromad keltiruvchi faoliyat mablag'lari bo'yicha tasarrufchining yozma ruxsatnomasi asosida schyot ochish mumkin. Ushbu schyotga asosiy faoliyat bo'yicha taqdim etilgan pu Ni xizmatlar, boshqa ruxsat etilgan tadbirkorlik faoliyati bo'yicha bajarilgan ishlar, sotilgan maxsulot va buyumlar bo'yicha mablag'lar kelib tushadi.

Tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan tushgan mablag'lar g'aznachilikning xududiy organ yagona schyotiga hisobga olinadi va muassasalarning shaxsiy hisob raqamlariga ular kelib tushgan kundan keyingi kundan kech bo'lmagan muddatda joylashtiriladi. Naqd pul ko'rinishidagi daromadlar olinganidan keyin 3 kun ichida ushbu schyotga kiritlishi kerak, aks holda ulardan foydalanish ta'qiqlanadi.Bosh tasarrufchilar tadbirkorlik faoliyati bo'yicha solishtirma smetani tuzishadi va byudjet smetasi bilan bir vaqtda taqdim etadilar.

Boshqa daromad keltiruvchi faoliyatga organlarning ijro xukumatlar, ularning xududiy organlari, va shuningdek ularning tasarrufida bo'lgan, o'zlariga yuklatilgan ayrim davlat vakolatlarini bajarish bilan bog'liq bo'lgan tashkilotlarning faoliyatini kiritish qabul qilingan. Ularni amalga oshirishda ma'lum amallarni bajarish uchun to'lovlar, turli yig'imlar, jarima sanktsiyalari va boshqalarni undirish bo'yicha majburiyat taqdim etiladi. Bu tushumlarni tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olingan daromad sifatida qabul qilish mantiqqa ziddir.

Bu kabi faoliyatni tadbirkorlik faoliyatiga kiritish mumkin emas, chunki uning amalga oshirilishi, va to'lovning undirilishi ma'lum qonunchilik va normativ-huquqiy xujjatlarda belgilab qo'yilgan. Birinchi

navbatda afsus bilan boshqa daromad keltiruvchi faoliyatni amalga oshirishni muvofiqlashtiruvchi normativ baza qoniqarsiz ekanligini ta'kidlash joiz.

Tegishli byudjetni ij'ro etuvchi moliyaviy organlarga mablag'lar bevosita byudjetdan bosh tasarrufchilarga o'z yurituvida bo'lgan muassasalarga o'tkazish uchun yo'naltiriladi. Alohida ta'kidlash zarurki. byudjet mablag'lari ishlab topilmaydi, balki mulkdor tomonidan uning xoxishi va ularning maqsadli mo'ljallanishiga muvofiq ravishda xarajatlash uchun o'tkaziladi. Ko'rsatib o'tilgan jixatlar byudjet muassaslarida mustaqillik to'liq darajada mavjud emasligi va ularning bo'ysunuchanligini anglatadi. Byudjet tashkilotiga xar qanday darajadagi byudjetdan tashqari boshqa xar qanday manbalardan kelib tushishi mumkin bo'lgan mablag'lar byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lar deb ataladi. Qonunchilikda ularning aniq ta'rifi yo'qligi bag'oyat muhimdek ko'rinadi, ammo mantiqiydir, chunki bu atama "byudjetdan tashqari manbalardan olingan mablag'lar" so'z birikmasining qisqartirilgan variantidir. Harqalay, bu mablag'larning manbasi byudet tizimining kandaydir darajadagi byudjeti bo'la olmasligi fakti axamiyatli va asosiy mazmunlidir.

Byudjet muassasalarining muntazam ravishda to'liq moliyalashtirilmasligi sharoitlarida, shu jumladan ishchilar ish xaqi to'lovi xam to'liq moliyalashtirilmagan xollarda byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larning axamiyati o'sib ketadi. Ayrim holatlarda byudjet muassasalrining umumiy mablag'lari hajmida ularning solishtirma og'irligi 90% gacha borishi mumkin. Byudjet Kodeksi noishlab chiqarish soha muassasalariga byudjetdan tashqari manbalardan tushuvchi mablag'larni mustaqil sarflashga ruxsat etadi. Moliya Vazirligi esa, har qanday daqiqada byudjet mablag'lari hisobidan xarajatlarni amalga oshirishni to'xtatib qo'yishi mumkin. Xozirda amalda bo'lgan Yo'riqnomaga binoan byudjetdan tashqari mablag'larni ularning tushib kelishi manbalari bo'yicha quyidagi tartibda bo'limlarga ajratish zarur:

* maqsadli malag'larva tekin tushumlar;

* tadbirkorlikfaoliyatidan olingan mablag'lar;

* boshqa byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lar;

"Byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lar" tushunchasini byudjet, fuqarolik va soliq qonunchiliklaridagi talqinlarida sezilarli ziddiyatlar mavjudligi alohida e'tibor talab etadi. Byujetdan tashqari mablag'larni tabirkorlik faoliyatidan kelib tushgan mablag'lar va maqsadli mablag'larga ajratish soliqqa qoplash majburiyligining belgisi hisoblanadi yoki Soliq Kodeksiga binoan xususan mavjud emasligi, ya'ni Soliq Kodeksi soliqqa tortish ob'ekti deb faqat tadbirkorlik faoliyati bo'yicha daromadlarning xarajatlardan ortib ketishi summasini tan oladi. Byudjet Kodeksi ularni byudjetning soliqsiz daromadlari sifatida tasniflaydi va bunda buxgal ter uchun odatiy bo'lgan "byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lar" atamasidan foydalanmaydi. Bu holatda soliq qonunchiligida xam, byudjet qonunchiligida xam aniq farqlash mavjud: birinchisida - soliqlar, ikkinchisida - soliqlar to'lashdan daromadlar va soliqsiz daromadlar.

XU LOSA

1. Byudjet muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olinadigan daromadlarning huquqiy rejimi masalasi doimiy ilmiy munozaralarga sabab bo'lmoqda. Tadbirkorlik faoliyatidan olingan daromadlar va ushbu daromadlar hisobiga olingan mol-mulkning huquqiy rejimi operativ boshqaruv huquqi sifatida belgilanishi mumkin bo'lgan nuqtai nazar mavjud.

2. Byudjet muassasasiga turli darajadagi byudjetlardan moliyalashtirishdan tashqari, byudjetdan tashqari manbalar hisobidan mablag'lar kelib tushadi. Byudjet muassasasi byudjet jarayonining ishtirokchisi bo'lganligi sababli, bu jarayonga uning byudjetdan tashqari mablag'lari jalb qilinadi.

Byudjet muassasasining tadbirkorlik faoliyati va davlat mulkidan foydalanish mablag'lari byudjetning tegishli hududiy organidagi byudjetning yagona hisob raqamiga o'tkaziladi. Davlat mulkini ijaraga berish uchun to'lov tegishli byudjetni moliyalashtirishning qo'shimcha manbai sifatida g'aznachilikdagi hisobvaraqlarga o'tkazildi. SHunday qilib, Moliya vazirligining g'aznachiligi organlarining hisobotlari va buxgalteriya hisobi ma'lumotlari asosida tayyorlangan byudjetning ijrosi to'g'risidagi hisobotga ko'ra, byudjet hisobvaraqlari orqali amalga oshirilgan muomalalar to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlarni aks ettiruvchi davlat mulkida joylashgan mulkni ijaraga berishdan olingan daromadlar tashkil etadi. Bunga shuningdek, ilmiy tashkilotlarga berilgan ko'chmas mulkni ijaraga berishdan olingan daromadlar, ta'lim muassasalari, sog'liqni saqlash muassasalari, madaniyat va san'at muassasalariga berilgan mablag'lar kiradi.

3. Byudjet muassasasi tomonidan olingan maqsadli mablag'lar ro'yxatiga quyidagilar kiradi:

-muassasalar tomonidan O'zbekiston Respublikasining boshqa davlat hokimiyati organlaridan, O'zbekiston Respublikasining ta'sis sub'ektlarining davlat hokimiyati organlaridan, mahalliy hokimiyat organlaridan, korxonalar, muassasalar va jismoniy shaxslardan olingan mablag'lar:

- ta'lim muassasalarini tugatgandan so'ng ish joyiga yuborilgan yosh mutaxassislar bilan hisob-kitob qilish uchun;

-talabalarva o'quvchilarga maqsadli stipendiyalarto'lash uchun;

- aholiga manzilli ijtimoiy qo'shimchalar va kompensatsiyalar to'lash uchun;

- uslubiy, ilmiy adabiyotlar va o'quv-uslubiy qo'llanmalarni o'zlashtirish uchun;

- buxgalteriya hisobi va hisobot hujjatlari shakllarini va o'quv va attestatsiya hujjatlari shakllarini markazlashtirilgan holda sotib olish uchun;

- statsionar aholini ijtimoiy muhofaza qilish muassasalariga ularning moddiy-texnik bazasini mustahkamlash uchun olinadigan mablag'lar;

- qora va rangli metall parchalarini yig'ish va topshirish, boshqa turdagi ikkilamchi xom ashyo, oziq-ovqat chiqindilarini yig'ish va etkazib berish uchun olingan mablag'lar;

- tashkilotlarda talabalar tomonidan ishlab topilgan mablag'lar;

- umumta'lim maktablari va boshqa ta'lim muassasalarida darsliklar uchun fond yaratish uchun homiylik qiluvchi korxonalar va boshqa tashkilotlar tomonidan ajratiladigan mablag'lar;

- talabalarning imtiyozli sayohat chiptalarini sotib olish uchun mablag'lari;

- tekin tushumlar (muassasalarning moddiy-texnik bazasini saqlash va rivojlantirish uchun maqsadli moliyaviy yordam, xayriya badallari, grantlar, tekin xalqaro moliyaviy yordam);

- O'zbekiston Respublikasi qonunlari va qoidalariga muvofiq muassasalar tomonidan o'zlarining asosiy faoliyatini amalga oshirish bilan bog'liq maqsadlarda olingan mablag'lar; muassasaning daromadlari va xarajatlari smetasida nazarda tutilmagan faoliyatni amalga oshirish uchun boshqa tushumlar;

- bolalarni maktabgacha ta'lim muassasalarida saqlash, bolalar musiqa maktablarida bolalarni saqlash, maktablar qoshidagi maktab-internatlardagi bolalarni ovqatlantirish uchun ota-onalardan olingan mablag'lar;

- byudjet mablag'lari, maqsadli jamg'armalar va tekin tushumlar hisobiga sotib olingan moddiy boyliklarni sotishdan olingan mablag'lar

4. Byudjet tashkilotlarida rivojlantirish jamg'armasi mablag'lari hisobini tashkil etishdan maqsad

- tashkilotning rivojlantirish jamg'armasi mablag'lari, ularning harakati va qoldig'i to'g'risida foydalanuvchilarni tezkor va ishonchli axborot bilan ta'minlash. Ushbu maqsadni amalga oshirishda quyidagi vazifalar hal qilinadi:

- amaldagi me'yoriy xujjatlar talablari asosida rivojlantirish jamg'armasi mablag'lari hisobini tashkil qilish;

- mablag'larni boshlang'ich xujjatlar asosida schyot va registrlarida aks ettirish;

- rivojlantirish jamg'armasi mablag'lari sarflanishini hisobda aks ettirish;

- rivojlantirish jamg'armasi hisobi bo'yicha nazoratni tashkil qilish;

- rivojlantirish jamg'armasi mablag'lari harakati to'g'risida hisobotlarni shakllantirish.

Tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshirayotganda byudjet muassasasi, har qanday korxona singari,

muqarrar ravishda hech bo'lmaganda xarajatlarni qoplashga intiladi. Binobarin, byudjet muassasasining tadbirkorlik faoliyati bo'yicha daromadlari va xarajatlari ham byudjet daromadlari, ham xarajatlari belgilarini o'z ichiga oladi (chunki ularning daromadlari soliqqa tortilgandan keyin byudjet daromadi deb tan olinadi) va tijorat faoliyati bilan shug'ullanadigan korxonalarning daromadlari va xarajatlari xususiyatlariga ega (chunki tadbirkorlik bilan shug'ullanadilar, ular o'z mahsuloti (ishlari, xizmatlari) tannarxini shakllantiradilar va hech bo'lmaganda xarajatlarni qoplashga intiladilar).

Byudjet muassasasining daromadlari va xarajatlari smetalarini bajarish uchun buxgalteriya balansida «Kechiktirilgan daromadlar» subschyotining debeti va krediti qoldig'ini aks ettirish zarur. Hozirgi vaqtda byudjet muassasalarining buxgalteriya hisobida daromadlarni hisoblash usulining elementlari qo'llaniladi. «Kechiktirilgan daromadlar» subschyotida shartnomalar va hisob-kitob

hujjatlariga muvofiq mijozlarga bajarilgan va ularga yetkazib berilgan mahsulotlar, ishlar va xizmatlar uchun hisoblangan summalar hisobga olinadi. Biroq, ushbu hisobvaraqning kredit aylanmasiga ko'ra, ma'lum bir hisobot davridagi hisoblangan daromadlar miqdorini baholash mumkin emas, chunki hisoblangan daromadlar bilan bir qatorda, mijozlardan olingan, hisobotning daromadlari bilan bog'liq bo'lmagan mablag'lar miqdori ham hisobga olinadi. davri bu yerda aks ettirilgan. Ushbu sintetik subschyot tashkilotning oddiy tadbirkorlik faoliyati bilan bog'liq bo'lgan daromadlar to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlarni umumlashtirish uchun mo'ljallangan va hisob-kitob usulida ko'rsatiladi (ya'ni, hisobot davri bilan bog'liq, lekin hali to'lanmagan daromadlar) va kelgusi davrlarning haqiqiy daromadlari (ya'ni, hisobot davrida olingan, ammo kelgusi hisobot davrlariga tegishli).

3. Byudjetdan tashqari faoliyatdan olinadigan daromadlarning ay rim turlarini hisobga olishning amaldagi tartibi:

- ko'chmas mulkni ijaraga berishdan tushgan mablag'lar;

- byudjet muassasalarining aktivlarini sotishdan va boshqa hisobdan chiqarishdan tushgan tushumlar;

- moddiy boyliklarni sotishdan tushgan tushumlar;

- inventarizatsiya natijasida aniqlangan ortiqcha mol-mulkni joylashtirishdan olingan tushumlar.

- ko'chmas mulkni ijaraga berishdan olingan daromadlar.

Hozirgi vaqtda qo'shimcha xarajatlarni, birinchi navbatda, byudjet va byudjetdan tashqari tadbirlar o'rtasida taqsimlash bo'yicha aniq tavsiyalar berilmagan. Ushbu hujjatga muvofiq to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xarajatlarga mahsulot (ishlar, xizmatlar) tannarxiga bevosita va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kiritilgan xarajatlar kiradi: materiallar, ishlab chiqarish xodimlari, ilmiy xodimlarning ish haqi va shunga o'xshashlar, davlat byudjetidan tashqari jamg'armalariga ajratmalar, hisobot davridagi mahsulot tannarxi, boshqa to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xarajatlar bilan bog'liq bo'lgan o'tgan yillar. Qo'shimcha (bilvosita) xarajatlarga ishlab chiqarishni tashkil etish va boshqarish, ishlarni bajarish, xizmatlar ko'rsatish, umuman tashkilot faoliyati bilan bog'liq umumiy va tijorat xarajatlari kiradi: boshqaruv apparati va texnik xizmat ko'rsatuvchi xodimlarni saqlash, binolarni ijaraga berish, isitish, yoritish, suvta'minoti, joriy ta'mirlash va boshqa bilvosita xarajatlar. Bir nechta moliyalashtirish manbalari mavjud bo'lganda yoki bir nechta turdagi mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarilganda, ular yuzaga kelgan paytdagi qo'shimcha xarajatlarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ish, mahsulot, mahsulot turiga bog'lab bo'lmaydi. Qo'shimcha xarajatlar "Taqsimlash uchun xarajatlar" subschyotining debeti va bir oy ichida tegishli subschyotlarning kreditiga kiritilishini belgilaydi.

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EXTENDED ABSTRACT

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF EXTRA-BUDGETARY FUNDS OF BUDGET ORGANIZATIONS ON THE

BASIS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

This article discusses the features of the formation of extra -budgetary funds of budgetary organizations and their formation on the basis of entrepreneurship. Proposals have been made on the formation of extra-budgetary funds of budgetary organizations in the manner of entrepreneurship and the improvement of their accounting, systematized the stages of development of accounting in budgetary institutions from the point of view of extra-budgetary activities, assessed the local practice of accounting for extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget, justified the classification of extra-budgetary funds of institutions financed from the budget, the definition of the concept of "target funds".Budget institutions performing business activities are participants in market

relations along with other organizational and legal entities, they provide public services, sell goods, perform work, and at the same time receive expenses and income. The Budget Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan has not developed a clear description of the procedure for the formation of revenues and expenses of the budget institution.lt is related to the possibilities of applying the suggestions and recommendations developed by the author on the systematization and regulation of the accounting of a number of transactions made with extra-budgetary funds in the accounting practice of budgetary institutions. Analytical registers proposed to account for the receipts and expenses (cash and real) of the funds received from the purposeful activities and business activities are of practical interest.Funds are directed to the relevant budget executing financial bodies for transfer directly from the budget to the chief administrators of the institutions under their management. It is necessary to emphasize separately, budget funds are not generated, but transferred by the owner for spending in accordance with his wishes and their purpose. The indicated aspects mean that budget institutions do not have full independence and their subordination. Funds that can come to the budget organization at any level from any sources other than the budget are called extra-budgetary funds. The fact that they do not have a clear definition in the legislation seems very important, but it is logical, because this term is a shortened version of the phrase "funds received from extra-budgetary sources". In any case, the fact that the source of these funds cannot be the budget of some level of the budget system is important and fundamental.

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