CC BY
10VETERINARY SCIENCES
CHANGES IN THE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA OF BEES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF
ANTIBIOTIC ENROFLOXACIN
Serdyuchenko I.
candidate of veterinary sciences, associate professor, department of microbiology,
virology epizootology faculty of veterinary medicine
Vasilyev V. first year master's student Tyutyunik A.
first year master's student Federal state budgetary educational institution higher education
"Kuban state agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin»
Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the effect of the antibiotic enrofloxacin on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora of honeybees. It was found that the application of carbohydrate feeding to bees according to the above scheme, namely sugar syrup with the addition of the antibiotic enrofloxacin, promotes the development of signs of selective dysbacteriosis in the digestive tract of bees, which is manifested by the almost complete disappearance of the number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and an increase in the quantitative presence of yeast and molds.
Keywords: antibiotics, enrofloxacin, microflora, candy, honey production.
Introduction. Antibiotics are substances produced by plants, animals and, in particular, microorganisms (bacteria, radiant fungi, yeasts and molds) to combat other competitive species of living things. Hundreds of antibiotic agents have now been identified, of which only a few have found practical application in medicine, veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. Currently, penicillin, biomycin, terramycin, tetracycline, streptomycin are especially widely used [1, p. 44].
In beekeeping, antibiotics are used in two ways. First, large therapeutic doses, designed to destroy microorganisms - causative agents of diseases, are used to treat families with nosematosis or foulbrood [2, p. 56]. Secondly, small doses (much less than medicinal) are fed to healthy bee colonies to increase their productivity [3, p. 53].
Modern methods of treating bee diseases, including the treatment of bee colonies with antibiotics, sul-fanilamide preparations, are effective, have a low cost, but have a negative impact on the ecological purity of bee products [4, p. 50]. This not only affects the person who consumes honey, but also does not allow sending Russian honey for export to Europe at higher prices, due to the fact that honey from apiaries processed using traditional technologies does not meet the sanitary requirements of the European Union in terms of residual the content of antibiotics in the product [5, p. 57].
The analysis of methods for stimulating the development, prevention and treatment of diseases of bees leads to the conclusion that in order to achieve the solution of the tasks set, it is necessary to find new means of feeding bees that can increase the productivity of bee colonies [6, p. 44].
The drug enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin) belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones and is active against
gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms [7, p. 288]. This drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and penetrates into all organs and tissues of the body. It is recommended to use enrofloxacin for the treatment of pneumonia, salmonellosis, necrotizing enteritis, streptococcosis, mycoplasmosis and other diseases [8, p. 80].
In this regard, the purpose of our study was to determine the effect of the antibiotic enrofloxacin on the microflora of the digestive tract of bees [9, c. 98].
Materials and methods. Studies to study the effect of enrofloxacin on the microbial contamination of the intestines of bees were carried out in the fall on the basis of the beekeeping apiary of the Mostovsky region and the Department of Microbiology, Epizootology and Virology of the Kuban State Agrarian University.
The studies were carried out on bees of 2 groups: experimental and control (3 bee hives in each group).
A medicinal feeding was prepared: 10 ml of 10% enrofloxacin solution was added to 1 liter of sugar syrup. This solution was asked 3 times with an interval of 7 days at the rate of 1 liter of syrup / bee colony [10, p. 96].
Twenty-one days after the first feeding, 10 live bees were taken from each hive for bacteriological research [11, p. 40].
The assessment of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the microflora of the digestive tract of bees was carried out using the method of drop counting of microbial cells, when inoculated on differential diagnostic media: Endo, Saburo, Kvasnikov, CPC-agar, yolk-salt agar, mesopatamia agar.
Results and discussion. The research results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora of bees under the influence of enrofloxacin
Hive number The number of microbial cells in the intestinal tract of bees
Group bees Enterobacter aerogenes Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeroginosa Streptococcus sp. Penicillium glaucum Aspergillus niger Aspergillus ustus
1 4,2 х 105 3,6 х 105 6,4 х 104 3,3 х 102 3,6 х 104 0 0
Control 2 5,3 х 104 5,3 х 104 9,3 х 104 6,0 х 104 0 0 0
3 1,1 х 104 1,2 х 104 9,3 х 103 1,5 х 104 0 6,0 х 102 3,3 х 102
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Experienced 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
From the materials of the table it can be seen that before treatment with enrofloxacin, pathogenic microflora is present in the intestinal tract of bees of the control group. The species indicators and quantitative presence of the isolated bacteria are significantly varied and large. In the bees of the experimental group, after feeding with this preparation, there is a complete absence of any microflora in the digestive tract [12, р. 27].
Conclusions and offers:
1. The species composition of the microflora of the intestinal tract in bees of the control group is large and is represented by bacteria of the E. coli group, pseudo-monads, streptococci, fungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.
2. Feeding bees with enrofloxacin causes a sharp decrease in the concentration of microorganisms in the digestive tract of the experimental group. Therefore, with this method of feeding, the most favorable conditions are created for increasing the honey productivity of bee colonies and improving the quality of bee products.
References
1. Бочков И.А., Трофимова О.Д., Дарбеева О.С., Чежасская Р.С., Шевчук М.С. Упрощенная методика подсчета микроорганизмов при изучении аутофлоры человека // Журнал «Лабораторное дело», 1989. - №6. - С. 43-47.
2. Брандорф А. З., Ивойлова М.М., Пральни-ков А.В. Использование стимулирующих подкормок в пчеловодстве // В сборнике: Зоотехническая наука в условиях современных вызовов Сборник статей научно-практической конференции с международным участием, посвященной 85-летию со дня рождения академия Л.К. Эрнста и 80-летию подготовки зоотехников в Вятской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. 2015. - С. 55-58.
3. Гордеев В. Пчелы и антибиотики // Пчелы плюс. - 2008. - №5. - С. 52-53.
4. Литвинова А. Р. Деловая игра на занятиях по эпизоотологии, как активный метод обучения / А. Р. Литвинова, И. В. Сердюченко // В сборнике: Качество современных образовательных услуг - основа конкурентоспособности вуза. сборник статей
по материалам межфакультетской учебно-методической конференции. Ответственный за выпуск М. В. Шаталова. 2016. - С. 49-51.
5. Саттарова А. А., Гиниятуллин М. Г. Белковые подкормки в пчеловодстве // Вестник Башкирского государственного аграрного университета. 2012. - № 4 (24). - С. 56-58.
6. Сердюченко И. В. Влияние кормовой добавки гидрогемол на микрофлору пищеварительного тракта пчел // Известия Самарской ГСХА. 2010. - № 1. - С. 43-45.
7. Сердюченко И. В. Влияние смеси сахарного сиропа с кормовой добавкой "гидрогемол" на микрофлору кишечника пчел / И. В. Сердюченко, В. И. Терехов, Д. А. Овсянников // В сборнике: Ветеринарная медицина XXI века. Инновации, обмен опытом и перспективы развития. Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции. Под редакцией А.А. Волкова. 2012. - С. 287-290.
8. Сердюченко И. В. Влияния кормовой добавки "гидрогемол" на микрофлору пищеварительного тракта медоносных пчел / И. В. Сердюченко, А. Г. Кощаев // Ученые записки Казанской государственной академии ветеринарной медицины им. Н.Э. Баумана. 2016. - Т. 227. - № 3. - С. 78-81.
9. Сердюченко, И.В. Микробиоценоз кишечного тракта медоносных пчел и его коррекция: дис. ... кандидата ветеринарных наук / И.В. Сердюченко; ФГБОУ ВПО Кубанский государственный аграрный университет. - Краснодар, 2013. - 145 с.
10. Стрельбицкая О. В. Использование канди для сохранности пчел в зимний период // Сборник научных трудов Краснодарского научного центра по зоотехнии и ветеринарии. 2018. Т. 7. № 1. С. 9599.
11. Терехов В. И. Бактерии рода Escherichia (аналитический обзор) / В. И. Терехов, И. В. Сер-дюченко // Вестник ветеринарии. 2016. - № 2 (77). - С. 35-42.
12. Чугреев М. К., Мосолов А. А. Стимулирующие подкормки дли интенсификации пчеловодства // Аграрная наука. 2009. - № 6. - С. 25-29.
