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7VETERINARY SCIENCES
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF MICROFLORA THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF BEES BEFORE
AND AFTER WINTERING
Serdyuchenko I.
candidate of veterinary sciences, associate professor, department of microbiology, virology epizootology, faculty of veterinary medicine Federal state budgetary educational institution higher education "Kuban state agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin»
Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Abstract
Studied the quantitative composition of the microflora of the digestive tract of wintering bees. It was found that the group of young bees, never participated in the process of honey, and adult bees had gone into hibernation after the autumn honey flow, in the intestinal tract, in addition to saprophytic microorganisms is present pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, in adult bees, the quantitative presence of the bacteria isolated was significantly greater than that of young bees.
Keywords: bee honey, microorganisms, microflora, intestines, habitat, bacteria.
It is established that in the digestive device healthy honey bees may be various microorganisms belonging to the genera: Bacillus, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Bacterium, Chromobacterium, Pseudobacterium, Lac-tobacterium, Mycobacterium, Actinomycetes, Proacti-nomycetes, Streptococcus, Micrococcus [1; 10].
Microbiocenosis of bees is largely determined by the habitat of the insects [4; 5; 6; 7; 8].
The composition of autoflora of the gastrointestinal tract may vary depending on the microflora of plants, watering, presence in the vicinity of the apiary sources of pathogenic microflora, weather conditions, dietary habits, composition of honey plants, the duration of the winter, from changing sockets, disinfection and medicinal treatments [3; 9].
However, in the literature available to us the information was found, in connection with which the aim of the research was to examine the microflora of the digestive tract of the bees in the wintering process [4; 5; 6; 7; 8].
The study was conducted from November to February on the basis of private beekeeping apiary Mosty district SP Ovsyannikov and Department of microbiology, epizootology and virology of the Kuban state agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin.
During the execution of the work involved 108 bacteriological studies, which determined the qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora of wintering bees.
Table 1
The quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora of bees in the beginning of winter (November)
For research were identified 2 groups of bees for 3 families in each group. The first group was a young family consisting of bees, who was not involved in the process of honey collection. The second group is a fully formed family, consisting of bees that went into winter with autumn honey collection.
For the study was collected live bees. Just used 180 individuals.
Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative indicators of microflora of the digestive tract of the bees was performed using the drip method of counting microbial cells [11], while sowing on differential diagnostic media: Endo, Saburo, Kvasnikova, TSPKH-agar, yolk-salt agar.
The results of research are reflected in tables 1-2.
From the materials of table 1 shows that at the beginning of the wintering young bees, never participated in the process of honey collection and not departing from the hive, and adult bees gone for the winter after the autumn honey flow, in the intestinal tract is present pathogenic microorganisms [2; 3]. Its species indicators in both groups are identical, and the quantitative indicators vary widely. Moreover, in adult bees, the quantitative presence of selected bacteria significantly higher than in young bees.
№ group № hive The number of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of bees
Escherichia sp. Staphylococcus sp. Yeastlike fungi Pseudomonas sp.
1 (young bees) 1 1,4 x 103* 1,5 x 104 1,6 x 103 4,7 x 103
2 1,3 x 104 2,3 x 102 3,3 x 102 8,7 x 101
3 6,0 x 102 1,0 x 103 3,3 x 103 2,7 x 102
2 (adult bee) 1 1,4 x 106* 6,7 x 105 6,0 x 104 8,7 x 105
2 2,1 x 105 1,6 x 105 4, x 105 7,3 x 104
3 2,3 x 106 4,7 x 104 6,0 x 104 2,7 x 104
Table 2 shows that at the end of the winter, both adults and young bees was an increase in the quantitative presence of various microorganisms in the intestinal tract of bees of both groups. Apparently, due to the
fact that the bees in the wintering process is not defecate, with the accumulation of feces in the large intestine, which leads to a sharp change in the pattern of mi-crobial landscape.
Table 2
The ^ quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora of bees at the end of the wintering (February)
№ group № hive The number of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of bees
Escherichia sp. Escherichia coli Lactic acid bacteria Staphylococcus sp. Streptococcus sp. Yeastlike fungi Pseudomonas sp.
1 (young bees) 1 4,0 x 104 0 0 1,3 x 105 2,8 x 105 6,7 x 105 6,7 x 105
2 1,3 x 106 0 0 6,0 x 105 1,3 x 106 5,3 x 105 2,7 x 106
3 2,0 x 105 0 0 1,3 x 106 1,0 x 106 8,0 x 105 1,8 x 105
2 (adult bee) 1 1,6 x 104 2,7 x 104 0 3,3 x 105 8,7 x 103 2,0 x 103 1,9 x 104
2 1,3 x 106 1,3 x 105 2,7 x 10 5 2,6 x 106 1,9 x 106 1,7 x 106 1,7 x 106
3 2,0 x 106 5,3 x 105 3,3 x 104 1,3 x 105 2,9 x 106 1,3 x 105 1,2 x 106
It should be noted that the quantitative indicators of the content of the polymorphic bacteria, staphylo-cocci, Pseudomonas, fungi, both adults and young bees, and compares and achieve maximum performance. But still, there are some differences in the species composition of microorganisms. So, the adult bees in the intestine appeared Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria, which were absent in young bees.
1. Species composition of microflora in the intestinal tract of the bees in the beginning of winter is severely limited and is represented mainly by bacteria groups, coliforms, staphylococci, Pseudomonas and yeast-like fungi. The number of these microorganisms was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher in adult bees, who participated in the fall honey flow.
2. By the end of the wintering of bees in both groups the number of intestinal microflora increases several times, and in species it is more richer in adult bees than in young ones.
References
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