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BLACK-MOTLEY SELECTION OF BULLS - IMPROVERS OF HOLSTEIN BREED AND THEIR EFFICIENT USAGE IN IMPROVEMENT STRAIN HERDS 1Mukhaya Khusnitdinovna Dosmukhamedova 2Sherzod Mamtaliev Sadiqjonovich 3Akhmadov Shokhrukhbeka Mamayusupovich
1Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the General Zootechnics and Veterinary Department, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2Researcher of the General Zootechnics and Veterinary Department, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 3Tashkent State Agrarian University, student of animal engineering, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10083158
Abstract. In the article data of improvement of black-motley cattle herds, selection of bullsimprovers of Holstein breed and their efficient usage in crossing in the system of artificial insemination were given.
Keywords: cattle of black-motley and Holstein breed, bulls- improvers, crossing, artificial insemination, herd improvement.
Annotasiya. Maqolada qora-ola golshtin qoramol podalari yaxshilanishi, golshtin zotli buqalar seleksiyasi va ulardan sun'iy urug'lantirish tizimida chatishtirishda samarali foydalanish to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlar keltirilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: qora-ola va golshtin zotli qoramollar, buqalar, chatishtirish, sun'iy urug'lantirish, podani yaxshilash.
Аннотация. В статье приведены сведения об совершенствовании стад голштинского скота черно-пестрой породы, селекции голштинских быков и их эффективном использовании в племенной работе в системе искусственного осеменения.
Ключевые слова: черно-голштинский скот, быки, племенное разведение, искусственное осеменение, улучшение стада.
Actuality of the theme. Stock-breeding intensification, herds improvement, efficient usage of world strain improvers in increasing of thoroughbred and productive potential is actual in population provision with food-stuffs of cattle-breeding and great attention pays to stock-breeding intensification in Five priority areas of Uzbekistan development strategy for 2017-2021.
It is known that beginning from 1930 in the Republic pure-bred cattle of dairy and dairy-meat directions is being bred and they were adapted and zoned to the territories of various regions.
As a result, their highly productive herds were formed and thoroughbred base of cattle-breeding was strengthening during 70 years. A lot of pedigree plants, purebred farms and husbandries were created. According to selection data 40% black-motley strain, 29% red races, 22% brown, 3% bushuev and 6% meat strains were made out of cattle, raising in the Republic. However, during the years of our Republic independence, with liquidation of state farms and privatization of cattle, thoroughbred base of stock-breeding was eliminated.
Pure-bred cattle herds which were created during 70 years were exterminated and unsystematically privatized. Fertile and pure-bred cows grown under technological conditions on keeping and feeding forming pedigree herds became low-yielding and pedigree characteristics lost in the conditions of private family plots and farms.
Though by 2017, according to statistic data, in farms of various types the number of cattle increased for 12165.3 thousand heads, including cows for 4214.3 thousand, but their productivity
sharply decreased. Thus, if in farms of various types from cows on average obtained 2302 kg of milk, then in farmsteads it was equal to 1817 kg. In farms of Tashkent region, they made 2392 kg and 2229 kg correspondingly.
In the Republic black-motley breed stock constitutes the main part of cattle-breeding and therefore is considered the main source in the organization of pedigree stock-breeding. Although, the practice of their crossing with Holstein race which began in the 1960s and still is ongoing, but certain positive results haven't been achieved. May be because the proper attention wasn't paid to usage of bulls-improvers in an artificial insemination system. This situation is still ongoing. In 2017 the number of cows in farms of various types was equal to 4214.3 thousand out of them in farms 192.5 thousand heads, 1465 thousand semen doses were used to their artificial insemination or it was equal to 732 thousand cows which were inseminated. This index in general made only 17.3% of cows.
Hence, artificial insemination of all cows and efficient usage of breeding bulls-improvers in it are waiting for their decision.
Regards to this, paying attention to the use of bulls-improvers of black-motley Holstein breed and the factors of improving black-motley strain herds is of particular significance in dairy cattle-breeding.
Object and methods of the research work. Selection of breed improvers and improvers lider bulls of black-motley Holstein strain, and also crossing factors of black-motley race cows in the system of artificial insemination were used at state enterprise "Uz-naslchilik" which became the source of this research work. Selection and assorting methods accepted in selection and zootechny were used in the investigation work. New methods of estimation on bulls' genotype and also on productive index of mother ancestors were implemented.
The results of the research. The research work was carried out at the state enterprise "Uznaslchilik" where bulls of black-motley Holstein breed were imported, then they were selected after quality appraisal on genotype and various individual indexes were conducted. Bullsimprovers and lider bulls-improvers groups were formed. Before formation they were estimated on their fathers' genotype, that is on rate of milk productivity and quality indexes of father posterities in comparison with their peers. After that they were formed on index of mother ancestors' productivity.
It was seen from data given in the table that lider bulls- improvers dominated over bullsimprovers group on all quality indexes of their father ancestors. Thus, if milk yield during lactation of father posterity in lider bulls-improvers group was higher for 1185.3 kg in comparison with their peers, then on the quantity of milk butter for 58kg and on milk protein for 50.7 kg respectively.
Usage of lider bulls-improvers semen in cows' insemination of black-motley strain of Holstein genotype in pedigree farms and employment of bulls-improvers semen in black-motley breed mating in commodity farms in the artificial insemination system which corresponds to the purpose of the research. Thoroughbred and productive new generation obtained from farm cows. It was defined that in pedigree farms of the Republic milk yield increased till 4800-5200 kg in cows' new generation, obtaining as a result of paternal inheritance. At present existing herds of black-motley strain cows giving milk in the quantity of 1800-2200 kg were improved and after that their productivity increased for 2.0-2.5 times.
Sixteen imported bulls of black-motley Holstein breed, taking part in the experiment were divided into 2 categories on index of mother ancestors' productivity. Comparatively productive
bulls, obtained from mother ancestors were transferred to lider bulls-improvers group and bulls with lower category were added to bulls-improvers group.
In bulls of the first group milk yield in mother ancestors on average was equal to 1245.8 kg, fat content - 3.87%, protein content - 3.36%, milk butter quantity - 422.2 kg and milk protein quantity - 418.2 kg and in the second bulls-improvers group these indexes made 1158.4 kg; 3.69%; 2.25%; 427.3 kg and 376.3 kg respectively. Therefore, imported bulls were obtained by the method of individual selection of fertile cows together with bulls-improvers estimated on quality of their generation. Productive heredity of mother ancestors also exercises positive influence on productivity of obtained new generation.
For this reason, use of imported bulls of black-motley Holstein strain in the system of artificial insemination will s how positive influence and improvement of black motley - breed herds will be intensified.
Wide implementation of pairing (selection) projects of black-motley Holstein strain bulls, their zoning in the farms of Tashkent, Fergana, Samarqand regions and also their dissemination in black-motley breed herds in the farms of other regions is regarded as purpose-oriented.
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