CC BY
37
UDC 636.082
SIRE INFLUENCE ON REASONS OF DAUGHTER CULLING FROM THE HERD
Syrtseva Е.М., Post-graduate student Shendakov A.I., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia E-mail: [email protected], Phone: 8-953-816-78-84
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of bull's evaluation on susceptibility of cows to culling reasons, including udder, legs and internal organs diseases, surgical diseases, tuberculosis and etc. It has been found out that bulls are able to have a significant impact on the reasons for culling heifers from the herd. More than that, heifers are able to inherit through their fathers their maternal ancestors' resistance to gynecological diseases. The majority of sires (Buyan 114, Rom 1675, Dobryak 1745 and Dar 2383) has 20,6-27,6 % of culled heifers with gynecological diseases in the livestock structure, although gillyf-lower sires have only 8.3% of heifers 1206 culled for the same reason. Buyan bulls have ap-proximately 7,5% of heifers culled for old age, sire Dar 2383 have 3,7 and 4,9% of heifers accordingly culled for leucosis and tuberculosis. The above mentioned bulls have 2,4-3,7% of heifers with internal organs diseases.
KEY WORDS
Black-and-White and Holstein cattle; Sires; Breeding; Culling reasons; Diseases.
Due to the high milk production and acclimatization abilities unit weight of cows of black-motley breed in our country has significantly grown over the last ten years. However, despite a number of advantages, black-motley breed of cattle needs to improve its productive and technological features. Holstein genotype has been widely used to improve this breed for several decades already since the former is closely related to the latter and quite common in the United States, Canada, Germany. Crossbred cows have high productivity, suitable for machine milking udder, but at the same time they have low rates of life expectancy and reproductive qualities. These animals usually distinguish in intensive metabolism and in rapid outflow of the herd. Premature culling of cows from the herd reduces the estimation reliability for productivity and breeding qualities, since they do not give a large number of descendants. Moreover, owing to gynecological diseases, which greatly impede productivity of a herd, farms bear economic losses. Liquidation and effective prevention of infertility and barrenness is one of the main reserves of herd growth and its productivity increase.
One of the most burning issues in dairy cattle breeding in Russia is the evaluation of its breeding value, and particularly, a reliable assessment of bulls' breeding qualities influencing their offspring's productivity. The issue under discussion is a recurrent topic in the articles of such scientists as S. N. Haritonov (2000-2006 [7]) and V. М. Kuznetsov (1996-2013 [4, 5]),
H. Amerhanov (2007) [1] and many others. For example, Pr. S.N. Haritonov and his coauthors [7] pointed out that sperm of progeny evaluated bulls is usually used several years in the Russian Federation, but during this period the indicators characterizing the bull breeding value slowly but steadily decline. It leads to the general conclusion that there is a necessity to improve the system of evaluation of bulls and the usage of BLUP method [1, 4, 5, 6, 7].
I. Yanchukov, Head of the public corporation «Moscow» and others came to a similar conclusion [10]. He writes that currently only 40% of bulls are tested in different regions, although the centralized approach could have made it possible to launch a general selection throughout the country. According to I. Suller (2006), Soviet traditions of selection of dairy cattle don't meet the modern requirements [6] any more. At the same time according to Academician of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (RAAS) I.M. Dunin [2], the introduction of new techniques and the whole system of breeding programmes in the country is the weakest point of breeding. The time has come for genetic testing of bulls [3] and their
reproductive qualities assessment [8, 9]. In this regard, our research is of great practical and scientific value.
METHODS AND RESEARCH MATERIALS
Our research has been conducted on Black-spotted x Holstein animals of closed corporation «Kurakinskoye», Orel region. A long-term pedigree plan for the herd was developed in 2005 by R.N. Lyashuk, A.I. Shendakov, as a result, the farm household received a status of breeding reproducer of Black-spotted cattle breed. Pedigree cards, livestock experts' data and breeding records were used for the research. Statistical processing of data was held in the program «Microsoft Excel».
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The research has also shown that 23.5% of cows (two generations taken for the research) in the closed corporation «Kurakinskoye» (see. Pic. 1) were discarded because of gynecological diseases, 19.0% - because of low milk production, 6.9% - because of udder disease, and only 1.0-2.0% because of leucosis, tuberculosis, old age and surgical diseases.
3,6 23,5
6,9
1,0
1,0
□ udder diseases
□ legs diseases
□ internal organs diseases □gynecological diseases
□ leucosis □tuberculosis
□ low milk production □old age
□surgical diseases
Picture 1 - Structure of the culling reasons of heifers (two generations taken for the research) in closed corporation «Kurakinskoye», Orel region (n=306)
Table 1 - The culling reasons for daughters of sires in two generations in «Kurakinskoye»,
Orel region (n=306)
The number of cows, retired from the herd (n)
Sires Daughters (n) udder disease foot disease diseases of internal organs gynecological disease leucosis tuberculosis low milk production old age ¡urgical disease accidents, injuries disadvantages exterior other reasons
F1 F2 All m
Buian114 5 22 27 3 1 1 7 - 1 1 2 2 6 - 3
Levkoi1206 30 6 36 2 - 1 3 - - 11 - - 4 - 15
Rom 1675 52 50 102 11 - 4 21 - - 18 4 3 4 - 37
Dobrjk 1745 14 15 29 3 - 1 8 - 0 9 - - 5 - 3
Dar 2383 57 25 82 - 5 2 22 3 4 19 - - 3 2 22
Pir 695 5 6 11 - 1 - 4 - - - - 1 1 1 3
Pir 172 2 8 10 1 2 2 3 - - - - - 1 - 1
Apel'sin 525 4 5 9 1 1 - 4 - - - - - - - 3
All 169 137 306 21 10 11 72 3 5 58 6 6 24 3 87
The majority of sires (Buyan 114, Rom 1675, Dobryak 1745 and Dar 2383) has 20,627,6 % of culled cows with gynecological diseases in the livestock structure, although gillyflower sires have only 8.3% of heifers 1206 culled for the same reason. Buyan bulls have
7
approximately 7,5% of cows culled for old age, sire Dar 2383 have 3,7 and 4,9% of cows accordingly culled for leucosis and tuberculosis (table 1). The above mentioned bulls have 2,4-3,7% of daughters with internal organs diseases.
Table 2 - The influence % of the genes of Holstein sires on the reasons for the rejection of
the cows in «Kurakinskoe»
%HF* n udder disease foot disease diseases of internal organs gynecological disease leucosis tuberculosis low milk production old age surgical disease accidents, injuries disadvantages exterior other reasons
Black-
and- 51 5,88 - 3,92 25,49 - - 3,92 - - 3,92 - 56,9
White
25% 111 7,21 5,41 1,80 25,23 0,9 - 12,60 5,4 - 10,80 0,9 29,7
50% 125 13,6 4,80 8,00 19,20 - 0,8 6,40 2,4 4 11,20 0,8 28,8
*- the % of the genes of Holstein sires.
With an increase % of the genes of Holstein to 50 tendencies toward the growth of gynaecological diseases it was not observed (table 2). This makes it possible to make a conclusion about the possibility of conducting of selection for the creation of dairy livestock with the high stability to the diseases and fitness for the intensive use at the dairy farms.
Thus, sires are able to have a significant impact on the reasons for culling cows from the herd. It gives us an opportunity to conduct breeding for resistance to black-spotted cows' diseases.
REFERENCES
1. Amerhanov H. Bull evaluation improvement - the way of genetic process in cattle-breeding / H. Amerhanov, V. Boshlyakov, I. Yantchukov, A. Ermilov, O. Osadtchaya, Yu. Grigoryev, S. Haritonov // Dairy and meat cattle-breeding. - 2007. - №2. - Pp. 21-23.
2. Dudin I.M. Modern aspects of dairy cattle-breeding / I.M. Dudin // Zootechnology ( Animal Science).- 1998.- №1.- Pp. 2-8.
3. Zhigatchyov A. I. Bulls' evaluation for hidden genetic defects / A.I. Zhigatchyov // Zootechnology. - 2001. - №2. - Pp. 10-12.
4. Kuznetsov V. M. Modern methods of analysis and selection planning in dairy livestock. -Kirov, published by zonal agricultural Research Institute of NE. - 2001. - 116 p.
5. Kuznetsov V. Dairy cattle breeding worth assessment by ANIMAL MODEL / V. Kuznetsov, L. Yutanova // Dairy and meat cattle-breeding. - 1997. - №1. - P. 22-25.
6. Suller I. Selection foundations in dairy cattle-breeding / I. Suller // Dairy and meat cattle-breeding. -2006. - № 1. - Pp. 22-23.
7. Haritonov S. Bulls' evaluation for offsprings' - main issue in dairy cattle breeding / S. Haritonov, G. Rodionov, A. Bakay, N. Kostomakhin, V. Vinogradov, N. Strekozov, Yu. Grigoryev, Yu. Ivanov, A. Volyntsev, E. Shcheglov and others // Dairy and meat cattle-breeding. - 2005. - № 1. - Pp. 15-16.
8. Shendakov A. I. Bull and bull choice influence on reproductive qualities of black-spotted and Simmental cattle / A.I. Shendakov // Issues of biology of food-producing animals. -2011. - №4 (special edition). - Pp. 159-162.
9. Shendakov A. I. Improvement system of biological factors management in the breeding of farm animals / A.I. Shendakov //Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, - 2012. - №12(12). - Pp. 3-18.
10. Yantchykov I. Comparative evaluation of Ayrshire cattle breeding qualities on breed and regional levels of management / I. Yantchukov, D. Tutukova // Dairy and meat cattle-breeding. - 2010.- №3. - Pp. 4-6.
