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rats generally showed no significantly differences in parameters abnormalities of organ function, behavior and motor activity, blood biochemical parameters, hematology parameters, and did not produce mortality in treated groups compared to control group. Increasing dosage combination showed significantly increasing SGOT in male Wistar rats and MCHC in female Wistar
rats. The dried exctract combination also significantly decreased basophils in male Wistar rats and eosinophils in female Wistar rats.
Based on the finding of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of dried extract combination in Wistar rats, following oral administration for 28 days was found to be more than 1000 mg/kg bw.
ISOLATION OF INDIVIDUAL FLAVONOIDS FROM SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS L.
© Suloev I.S., Luzhanin V.G.
St. Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
The advantages of herbal medicines in comparison with synthetic analogues are mainly in the complex effect and the possibility of long-term use without significant side effects. In addition, some medicines that are especially valuable for medicine are still receive only from plants (cardiac glycosides, strychnine, photosensitizing drugs).
The purpose of this work is to conduct phytochemical analysis and isolation of individual substances from the grass of Solidago canadensis L. The known diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of the summary extracts of Solidago canadensis gives the possibility of the creation of a new medicinal drug for urological practice [1, 2].
In the course of the work, the following tasks are planned: harvesting the target plant raw materials and obtaining total extracts, isolating the individual substances from the total extracts, establishing and confirming the structure of the individual compounds and preparative isolation of the targeted individual substances.
At the moment, harvesting and grinding of the Solidago canadensis grass has been carried out, the optimal solvents for vacuum chromatography (methanol) have been selected, and total extractions
have been obtained. Preliminary tests were carried out: paper chromatography in 2 solvent systems: 15% acetic acid and BAW (buthanol-1, acetic acid and water) -(4: 1: 2), and TLC analysis in BAW and dichloromethane-methanol systems (5: 1). According to the obtained data, substances that give fluorescence in UV radiation were found in the analyzed fractions. The chemical structure of substances will be determined.
Also, HPLC analysis of these fractions was carried out. Four fractions were obtained from the ethanol extract of the Solidago canadensis: hexanoic, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. According to the data obtained the most promising from the point of view of the isolation of individual flavonoids is the methanol fraction. In the methanol fraction there are 5 compounds belonging to the class of flavonoids. In the future, it is planned to separate and preparatively isolate these substances.
References:
1. Jiang T, Huang BK, Qin LP. 2006. J Chin Integr Med.
4(4):430-435.
2. Mishra D, Joshi S, Bisht G, Pilkhwal S. 2010. J Basic
Clin Pharm. 1(3):187-90.
BIOACTIVE SCHISANDRA LIGNANS IN MICROSHOOT CULTURES OF SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS CV. SADOVA NO. 1 -PERSPECTIVE FOR PHYTOTHERAPHY
© Agnieszka Szopa, Marta Klimek, Halina Ekiert
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. - Chinese magnolia vine it's pharmacopoeial plant species also in Europe with well-established pharmaceutical activity. Schisandrae chinensis fructus, shows adaptogenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anticancer activity. Biological activity of the plant is attributed mostly to dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, called the schisandra lignans [1]. Shoot-differentiating callus cultures of
S. chinensis established in our laboratory were capable of accumulation of high amounts of lignans [2, 3]. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accumulation of these compounds in in vitro cultures of Ukrainian cultivar - S. chinensis cv. Sadova No. 1.
Agar microshoot cultures were maintained on six variants of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium [4], differing in concentrations of the plant growth regulators
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy]
vol. 15/2017/suppLement 1
(PGRs), and on variant without PGRs (control), as follows: A - control, B - 0.1 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l NAA, C -0.5 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l NAA, D - 2mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA, E - 2 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA, F - 2 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l NAA, G - 3 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA, under constant artificial light. The cultures were maintained for 30 days (3 series). Quantification of schisandra lignans was performed using the LC-DAD and LC-DAD-MS methods [2, 5].
The main compounds were: schisandrin (max. 176.31 mg/100 g DW, variant E), gomisin A (max. 49.55 mg/100 g DW, variant G) and deoxyschisandrin (max. 34.02 mg/100 g DW, variant G). The highest total content of lignans (490.25 mg/100 g DW) was obtained
in extracts from biomass of cultures cultivated on MS medium variant G.
The established cultures of S. chinensis cv. Sadova No. 1, can be proposed as a richer source of bioactive lignans. The estimated total lignan content was about 2-times higher than in microshoot cultures of S. chinensis cultivated in the same conditions.
References:
1. Szopa A. et al. 2017. Phytochem Rev. 16:195-218.
2. Szopa A. et al. 2016. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 100: 3965-3977.
3. Szopa A. et al. 2017. J. Biotechnol. 14:11-17.
4. Murashige T, Skoog F. 1962. Physiol Plant. 15:473-449.
5. Zhang H. et al. 2009. Food Chem. 115:735-739.
THE AGITATED MICROSHOOT CULTURES OF RED AND PURPLE ARONIAS - A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE FLAVONOIDS FOR PHYTOTHERAPY
© Agnieszka Szopa, Pawef Kubica, Halina Ekiert
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry), plant species of North American origin has the strong position as a medicinal and culinary species in Europe. Fruits of black aronia are rich in anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Leaves contain high amounts of flavonoids [1, 2]. The all mentioned groups of the metabolites with polyphenol structures are valuable antioxidants in phytotherapy and also in cosmetology. The less popular in Europe aronia species of North American origin are A. arbutifolia (red aronia) and the hybrid A. x prunifolia (purple aronia). The fruits and leaves of these plants contain also the same groups of polyphenols as black aronia (2). The ability for high phenolic acids production of cells from shoot cultures of red and purple aronias cultured in agitated culture system was documented by us earlier. The aim of the presented study was the investigation on accumulation of flavonoids in the same in vitro culture system.
Agitated shoot cultures of red and purple aronias were maintained on 4 variants of Murashige-Skoog medium (3) with different concentrations of plant growth regulators; BA and NAA (from 0.5 to 3 mg/l). In the methanolic extracts from microshoots 11 flavonoids (aglycones and glycosides) were estimated by LC-DAD method (4).
The compounds produced by cells from in vitro cultures were: quercetin, quercitrin and rutin. The amounts of individual metabolites and their total contents were dependent on medium variants. The main metabolites in biomass of both plants were glycoside of quercetin - quercitrin (max. 41.14 and 47.86 mg/100 g DW, respectively).The highest total amounts of metabolites were 65.26 and 78.34 mg/100 g DW (red and purple aronia respectively).
The obtained amounts of quercitrin are interesting from practical point of view. We expect that, the next step of experiments with addition of flavonoids precursors into the culture media should result by even higher amounts of investigated antioxidants.
References:
1. Kokotkiewicz A. et al. 2010. J. Med. Food. 13:255-269.
2. Szopa A. et al. 2017. Eur.Food Res. Technol., DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2872-8.
3. Murashige T, Skoog F. 1962. Physiol. Plant. 15:473449.
4. Ellnain-Wojtaszek M, Zgorka GJ. 1999. Liq. Chrom. Rel. Tech., 22:1457-1471.
ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE CATNIP (NEPETA CATARIA L.)
© Terninko I.I.
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
In traditional medicine Nepeta cataria L. was used as immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities have been a sedative, spasmolytic, antidepressive. and to relieve reported [1-3]. The medicinal properties of Nepeta cataria gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders [4]. Antimicrobial, L. are usually attributed to their essential oils.
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