CC BY
46
(PGRs), and on variant without PGRs (control), as follows: A - control, B - 0.1 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l NAA, C -0.5 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l NAA, D - 2mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA, E - 2 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA, F - 2 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l NAA, G - 3 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA, under constant artificial light. The cultures were maintained for 30 days (3 series). Quantification of schisandra lignans was performed using the LC-DAD and LC-DAD-MS methods [2, 5].
The main compounds were: schisandrin (max. 176.31 mg/100 g DW, variant E), gomisin A (max. 49.55 mg/100 g DW, variant G) and deoxyschisandrin (max. 34.02 mg/100 g DW, variant G). The highest total content of lignans (490.25 mg/100 g DW) was obtained
in extracts from biomass of cultures cultivated on MS medium variant G.
The established cultures of S. chinensis cv. Sadova No. 1, can be proposed as a richer source of bioactive lignans. The estimated total lignan content was about 2-times higher than in microshoot cultures of S. chinensis cultivated in the same conditions.
References:
1. Szopa A. et al. 2017. Phytochem Rev. 16:195-218.
2. Szopa A. et al. 2016. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 100: 3965-3977.
3. Szopa A. et al. 2017. J. Biotechnol. 14:11-17.
4. Murashige T, Skoog F. 1962. Physiol Plant. 15:473-449.
5. Zhang H. et al. 2009. Food Chem. 115:735-739.
THE AGITATED MICROSHOOT CULTURES OF RED AND PURPLE ARONIAS - A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE FLAVONOIDS FOR PHYTOTHERAPY
© Agnieszka Szopa, Pawef Kubica, Halina Ekiert
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry), plant species of North American origin has the strong position as a medicinal and culinary species in Europe. Fruits of black aronia are rich in anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Leaves contain high amounts of flavonoids [1, 2]. The all mentioned groups of the metabolites with polyphenol structures are valuable antioxidants in phytotherapy and also in cosmetology. The less popular in Europe aronia species of North American origin are A. arbutifolia (red aronia) and the hybrid A. x prunifolia (purple aronia). The fruits and leaves of these plants contain also the same groups of polyphenols as black aronia (2). The ability for high phenolic acids production of cells from shoot cultures of red and purple aronias cultured in agitated culture system was documented by us earlier. The aim of the presented study was the investigation on accumulation of flavonoids in the same in vitro culture system.
Agitated shoot cultures of red and purple aronias were maintained on 4 variants of Murashige-Skoog medium (3) with different concentrations of plant growth regulators; BA and NAA (from 0.5 to 3 mg/l). In the methanolic extracts from microshoots 11 flavonoids (aglycones and glycosides) were estimated by LC-DAD method (4).
The compounds produced by cells from in vitro cultures were: quercetin, quercitrin and rutin. The amounts of individual metabolites and their total contents were dependent on medium variants. The main metabolites in biomass of both plants were glycoside of quercetin - quercitrin (max. 41.14 and 47.86 mg/100 g DW, respectively).The highest total amounts of metabolites were 65.26 and 78.34 mg/100 g DW (red and purple aronia respectively).
The obtained amounts of quercitrin are interesting from practical point of view. We expect that, the next step of experiments with addition of flavonoids precursors into the culture media should result by even higher amounts of investigated antioxidants.
References:
1. Kokotkiewicz A. et al. 2010. J. Med. Food. 13:255-269.
2. Szopa A. et al. 2017. Eur.Food Res. Technol., DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2872-8.
3. Murashige T, Skoog F. 1962. Physiol. Plant. 15:473449.
4. Ellnain-Wojtaszek M, Zgorka GJ. 1999. Liq. Chrom. Rel. Tech., 22:1457-1471.
ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE CATNIP (NEPETA CATARIA L.)
© Terninko I.I.
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
In traditional medicine Nepeta cataria L. was used as immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities have been a sedative, spasmolytic, antidepressive. and to relieve reported [1-3]. The medicinal properties of Nepeta cataria gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders [4]. Antimicrobial, L. are usually attributed to their essential oils.
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy] vol. 15/2017/suppLement 1
1 67
Get the essential oil from the Nepeta cataría L. herbs, harvested in the northwestern region of Russia and study its main parameters of quality.
The oil was obtained by steam distillation. The analyses of the essential oil were carried out using refractometer and pycnometer. Volatile compounds studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (GC/MS).
The Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) contain essential oils 1,3% based on dry weight. The oil is pale yellow and possesses characteristic pungent odor similar to the odor of its crushed herbs. It has a relative density of 0,8897 to 0,9038 and refractive index of 1,3135 to 1,3160 at 20°C. Oils were obtained from fresh herbs and herbs dried (humidity 12,1%). These samples gave 0,27 and 1,3% v/w of oil respectively, so should be done with herbs dried. GC / MS analysis of the oil indicated the presence of 35 volatile components, the majority of which were present in amounts too small to permit identification. The main constituents of the investigated essential oils of Nepeta cataria L. are the
following: p-cineol (34,1%), caryophyllene oxide (17,3%), (-)-spathulenol (6,2%), isodihydro- nepetalactone (4,8%), 4-methyl- isopulegone (2,9%), (R)-(-) -menthol (1,8%), (-)-G-bourbonene (1,4%), (+)-carvone (1,1%). These constituents were identified using an averaged total-ion mass spectrum, corrected for background and compared directly to an NIST database of mass spectra and by GC/MS.
The received results allow to identify essential oils of the Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), will be further used in the development of normative documents on this essential oils and use as a medicinal product.
Reference:
1. Adiguzel A et al. 2009. Pol J Microbiol. 58(1):69-76.
2. Duda SC et al. 2015. Industrial Crops and Products. 77:499-507.
3. Prescott TAK et al. 2011. Journal of ethnopharmacol-ogy. 137(3):1306-1310.
4. Zomorodian K et al. 2013. Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 10(4):329.
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS L. HERB
© Terninko I.I., Suina I.O., Burtseva E.V., Terninko T.M., Vanag E.L.
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Aristolochia clematitis is a nonpharmacopoeial species of domestic flora, which has an experience of use in folk medicine [1-3]. The chemical composition of the aristolochia has been little studied yet.
To conduct the pharmaceutical screening of biologically active substances (BAS) of the herb Aristolochia clematitis L.
To identify of the BAS thin-layer (TLC) and paper (PC) chromatography were used. The studies was carried out using aqueous (hydroxycinnamic acids (HA) and benzoic acid derivatives (BA)) and water-alcohol extracts (flavonoids) from the aristolochia's herb. The used solvent systems was: for the identification of flavonoids and HA - n-butanol: acetic acid glacial: water (BAW 4:1:2) and 15% acetic acid for identification of BA derivatives. Identification of spots of flavonoids was carried out by dirty-green color in daylight and by yellow-green fluorescence in UV light and HA by blue fluorescence in UV light before and after treatment with ammonia vapor. Spots of BA derivatives was reddened under the influence of 3% ferric chloride solution (III). The presence of coumarins was established in 96% alcohol extraction in the hexane: acetone (8:2) system. As a developer a diazo-reactive was used. In determining
of the alkaloids in hydrochloric acid extract by TLC, the following system was applied: formic acid : water : propanol (1 : 9 : 90). The developer was Dragendorff's reagent in the modification of Mounier.
As a result of comparison with the values of the retention factors (Rf) of 0.1% solutions of standard substances in the aristolochia herb was identified: quercetin (Rf = 0.81), rutin (Rf = 0.56), luteolin (Rf = 0.79), chlorogenic (Rf = 0.52), caffeic (Rf = 0.9), p-coumaric (Rf = 0.78), protocatechic acids (Rf = 0.62) and scopoletin (Rf = 0.9). As a standard for the study of alkaloids, a mixture of methyl red and papaverine hydrochloride was used. As a result, one spot was identified.
By the method of TLC and PC in the aristolochia herb was identified flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, derivatives of BA and HA. The obtained data will be used for directed phytochemical analysis of the aristolochia herb.
Reference:
1. Ahmedov RB. 2006. Plants - your friends and foes. Ufa: Kitap:313.
2. Krell D. 2013. Lancet Oncol. 14(1):25-26.
3. Sidorenko V. 2013. Chemistry and life. (10):16-20.
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy]
vol. 15/2017/suppLemenT 1
