ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки об образовании»

PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING

Kismetova G.,

Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor WKITU Republic of Kazakhstan. Uralsk Abdrasilova N. Master student of WKITU

ABSTRACT

Distance learning is seen as an alternative form of education in a difficult epidemiological situation, which has led to the separation of teachers and students. The distance education system has become extremely popular due to its convenience and flexibility. The article presents the main forms of distance learning in secondary school, highlights the most popular and well-organized platforms for their implementation, shows the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning, highlights the problems on which are worth paying attention to when switching to distance education.

Keywords: distance learning, forms of distance learning, web classes, chat classes, teleconferences.

Theoretical framework

In 2019 - 2020 the world was struck by another epidemic of coronavirus infection, which led to various transformations in all spheres of life. The consequences of these changes have naturally affected education as well. The introduction of quarantine measures led to an emergency transition of the entire educational process to distance learning. In this situation, teachers had to develop both professionally and personally in order to take new responsibilities, fulfill new roles to meet the learning and development needs of their students and society as a whole, since the teacher is the initiator and conductor of development and transformation in society. Essentially, distance education is learning that takes place in a situation where the teacher and student are separated by distance or time, or both. For the implementation of distance education today, a variety of technologies are used: video recordings, broadcast television, interactive video, audio recordings and audio conferencing, web courses (online). The development and spread of the Internet and computer technology have revolutionized the concepts of learning and professional training. Already today, "virtual high schools" are becoming a reality, in which the entire school has access to online courses. But despite its popularity, online education has not been without problems. Distance education is not the same as face-to-face learning. Administering distance learning programs requires different experiences, and for learners, face-to-face learning is very different from learning on the Internet. Due to the growing demand for distance education and the unique experience it creates, especially in a pandemic, it is important for secondary schools to know the advantages, disadvantages and challenges of such online education. In the traditional teaching format, the teacher develops lessons and transfers their content to students who study in a full-time environment . Since during a certain for a period of time, students are often offered activities that require them to be active, rather than passive listening or observation [1]; This educational approach contributes to the development productive interaction between all class members.

However, the face-to-face approach has several disadvantages, namely:

1) it requires that the students and the teacher to be physically in the same classroom;

2) information may be inconsistent;

3) lack of flexibility; and, of course, the main problem is the different level of student learning in the classroom.

Since each student comes to the office with different goals, expectations, experiences and abilities within a certain topic, the usual universal course does not give effective results in this situation. It was the shortcomings of this approach that opened up opportunities for alternative learning paths in the form of web courses or online education [1]. Distance education is a set of distance technologies used in within recognized forms of education (full-time, part-time, part-time). The purpose of creating distance learning is to reduce the teaching load on the teacher, improve the quality of education. The distance education system has become an extremely popular form of education due to its convenience and flexibility. It removes the main obstacle -eliminates the need to attendclasses according to the established schedule, preventing contact of people in difficult epidemiological situations [2]. The distance learning process is based mainly on the independent cognitive activity of students [3], but this does not negate the importance of personal communication between children and the teacher. It is necessary to use such forms of teaching that will motivate students to study and at the same time compensate for the lack or even lack of direct communication between the teacher and the student. To date, the following forms of distance learning are being implemented for secondary schools. Chat sessions that involve student-teacher communication through online conversations. They can be represented by text or audio messages, as a rule, messengers What App, Telegram are used for this in view of their ease of use, cheapness and prevalence, or video chats, for which the Skype or other platforms are used. Web-based classes, which are also implemented via the Internet, but already in the form of webinars,

distance lectures, and even ready-made online lessons. A huge advantage of this form of education is that students receive as specific material for study, and the opportunity to test your knowledge after passing it. At the same time, parents and teachers can directly track the progress of learning. Teleconferencing is a type of conference in which communication is carried out at a distance fromhelp with special technical and computer facilities. A teleconference involves the communication of a large number of participants, united by a common topic or questions of interest at a distance. At the same time, during the teleconference, all its participants can exchange views, ask each other questions. The teleconference allows you to post relevant and interesting messages on the network, which can be read, having previously selected the topic of interest. Further, it is possible to ask a question to the author of the message or send your own opinion. Thus, a network discussion is organized [4]. For the full implementation of the school curriculum, it is necessary to combine all forms of education in order to compensate for the shortcomings of each. Thus, in the event of a complete forced transition to distance learning due to the epidemiological situation, students will be able to receive education without having to attend school. Modern technologies make visual information more colorful and dynamic, which makes it easier and more effective to perceive the material. Lack of established frames on conducting a lesson will allow each student to master the program at their own pace, paying more attention to more difficult questions for him, to regulate the intensity of the lesson themselves. But at the same time, to date, a full transition to online learning on an ongoing basis for children of the school period is impossible, because requires special responsibility and motivation from children and parents. Group learning in a face-to-face environment creates an atmosphere of competition and support, which encourages children to learn, in addition, many students require a "guardian" who will oversee their learning process. In the context of distance learning, this role will shift to parents, who, as a rule, are not ready for it, not to mention the fact that most of them work. Also, not every family has sufficient material and technical support. "The basis of the educational process in distance learning is the purposeful and controlled intensive independent work of the student, who can study at a convenient place for himself, according to an individual schedule, having with him a set of special teaching aids and an agreed opportunity to contact the teacher by phone, e-mail and regular mail, as well as in person" [3]. There are other interpretations of the concepts of distance learning and education, reflecting the variety of approaches to their understanding.

Thus, distance learning is understood as a set of technologies that ensure the delivery of the bulk of the studied material to the learners, the interactive interaction of learners and teachers in the learning process, providing learners with the opportunity to independently work on mastering the material being studied, as well as in the learning process [4]. Distance learning is a type of education based on educational interaction between teachers and students who are distant

from each other, implemented using telecommunication technologies and Internet resources. Distance learning is the interaction of a teacher and students with each other at a distance, reflecting all the components inherent in the educational process (goals, content, methods, organizational forms, teaching aids) and implemented by specific means of Internet technologies or other means providing interactivity [5]. The emergence of distance learning has led to the need for the development and implementation of distance learning technologies. "Distance learning technologies are understood as educational technologies, implemented mainly with the use of information and telecommunication technologies with mediated (at a distance) or not completely mediated interaction between a student and a teacher"[6]. Distance learning has the following advantages:

• flexibility - students generally do not attend regular classes in the form of lectures, seminars. Everyone can study as much as he personally needs to master the course, discipline and obtain the necessary knowledge in the chosen specialty;

• modularity - the basis of distance education programs is a modular principle. Each individual discipline or row disciplines that are mastered by the student create a holistic view of a certain subject area. This makes it possible to form a training course from a set of independent training courses suitable for individual or group needs [7];

• parallelism - training can be carried out by combining the main professional activity with study, ie. "On the job";

• long-range action - the distance from the student's location to the educational institution (subject to high-quality communication) is not an obstacle to an effective educational process;

• asynchrony - in the learning process, the teacher and the learner can implement the technology of teaching and learning independently in time, ie. according to a convenient schedule for everyone and at a convenient pace;

• coverage - "mass character" - the number of students is not a critical parameter. They have access to many sources of educational information (electronic libraries, databases), and can also communicate with each other and with the teacher through communication networks or using other means of information technology [8];

• profitability - economic efficiency of distance education;

• a new role of a teacher (in the distance learning system - a tutor), when he is entrusted with such functions as coordinating the cognitive process, adjusting the taught course, consulting, managing educational projects, etc. Interaction with learners is carried out mainly asynchronously with using mail or communication systems. Allowed and face-to-face contacts are also welcome;

• a student, in order to undergo distance learning, must have exceptional self-organization, hard work and a certain starting level of education;

• new information technologies - in modern distance learning, mainly computers, audio-video equipment, systems and means of telecommunications, etc. are used. Interactive interaction is widely used in distance learning, which involves a dialogue of any subjects with each other using the means and methods available to them. At the same time, active participation in the dialogue of both parties is assumed - exchange of questions and answers, management of the course of the dialogue, control over the implementation of decisions made, etc.

teachers and students act, and the meansof engaging in such interactions - email, newsgroups, real-time dialogues, etc. [9]. Among the disadvantages of distance learning can be:

• lack of direct face-to-face communication between students and the teacher. When there is no person nearby who could emotionally color knowledge, this is a significant disadvantage for the learning process. It is difficult to create a creative atmosphere in a group of students;

• the need for a personal computer and Internet access; the need for constant access to sources of information, for good technical equipment, but not everyone who wants to study has a computer and Internet access; need for technical readiness to use distance learning tools;

• high requirements for setting the task for training, administering the process, the complexity of motivating students;

• the problem of user authentication when checking knowledge. It is impossible to tell who is on the other end of the line[10];

• the need for a whole range of individual psychological conditions;

• high cost of building a distance learning system at the initial stage of creating a system, significant costs for creating a distance learning system, distance learning courses themselves and the purchase of hardware;

• high labor intensity of the development of distance learning courses - the creation of 1 hour of truly interactive multimedia interaction takes more than 1000 hours of professionals [11].

These days distance learning experiences has temporary difficulties such as:

1) insufficient computer literacy of teachers and trainees, lack of experience in distance learning; many teachers and students are not yet ready for this teaching method, preferring the classical education;

2) insufficient development of information and communication infrastructures in Kazakhstan;

3) training programs and courses are not well developed due to the fact that there are not so many qualified specialists capable of creating such training aids;

4) poor use of standards in distance learning;

5) the problem of finding specialists. High qualification of developers is required; To create high-quality multimedia courses, you need a team of subject matter specialist, artist, programmer, etc.;

6) insufficient interactivity of modern distance learning courses;

7) low percentage of completion of courses due to insufficient experience in using distance learning systems and the complexity of motivating students [12].

Therefore, due to these reasons there arise following disadvantages of distance learning:

A big disadvantage of this system is eye strain, which is inevitable when working at a computer. This is especially harmful to the health of elementary school students, whose body is being formed. One of the main shortcomings can be considered the lack of direct (face to face) communication between students and the teacher, the loss of emotional contact, emotional support, which in turn makes the educational process problematic, complicates the application of an individual approach. The next disadvantage is the presence of a number of individual psychological conditions. Distance learning requires strict self-discipline, and its result directly depends on independence and the conscientiousness of the student. In our opinion, only a small part of students have a sufficient level of self-discipline for successful learning in online format [13]. Based on observations of primary school students, it is concluded that primary school students lack awareness and independence for this training format. For constant access to information sources, you need good technical equipment: a computer and Internet access. As a rule, students feel a lack of practical training. Another significant disadvantage is the lack of constant control over students, which is a powerful tool for inclusion in the educational process. Without control, the child is constantly distracted by the influence of various external factors and does not focus on studies. In distance education, written assignments predominate, which negatively affects the development of the child's speech and in the future can lead to difficulties in oral presentation. Distance teachers, first of all, lacked "live" contact with students[14-15]. His absence was constraining: it was more difficult for them to track presence and involvement of students, it is more difficult to build discussions and discussion of problematic issues. The volume of pedagogical work has increased due to the preparation of online lessons, distribution of educational materials and homework checking. However, according to the teachers' judgment, distance learning is a technology that is applicable in schools. Over the past period, teachers have significantly improved their computer skills, with computer programs. Having considered the positive and negative aspects of distance learning, we can say that much in this process depends on the attitude of teachers, students and parents towards it. If students want to gain new knowledge and skills, and teachers and parents want to help them inachieving this, then distance learning in the current conditions will become an instrument of comfortable conscious learning and will not have a negative impact on the result. A year ago, no one could have imagined that for almost a whole year, pupils of schools in the Republic of Kazakhstan would study in a distance format. In any case, the current situation in the world has given us a lot of experience. And now we can be sure that, despite and under what circumstances, children will always be able to receive a quality education, even at home.

Practical Experience

In my own practice of distance learning, when I had taught English Language school students up to 9th gradein the secondary schools. Despite the fact that I liked this format, I want to talk about the difficulties that I had to face in teaching school students English online, especially it was hard with juniors of primary school.I really love working with groups and am used to being surrounded by children who, with their spontaneity and love of life, charge me with energy. Working online, you to some extent deprive yourself of that magical atmosphere that reigns in the classroom: cozy gatherings in a circle, crafts, games, round dances, hugs. In addition, it is quite difficult to recognize the student's feelings and emotions on the other side of the screen and it is almost impossible to support them in difficult times. Moreover, in my practice I had a case that not all children are equally get used to online activities. Someone gets lost and embarrassed when meeting a new person through the screen, or gets nervous and worried if something went wrong. It is much more difficult for the teacher to keep the situation under control from a distance.

Referring to the technical part, during my online teaching experiencein connection with the difficult ep-idemiological situation, I have used"Zoom" and "Google Classroom"platforms, one of a number of platforms for distance learning, online meetings and conferences. We used it to conduct practical and lectures on the lexical and grammatical partand in practical lessons when with students we have practiced speaking abilities entirely with all grades. Having some experience with this platform, I would like to highlight the following positive aspects of its use:

• ease of use;

• intuitive and simple interface;

• fast and easy connection to conferences.

Anyone with a link or conference ID can join the

video conference. An event can be scheduled in advance, as well as a repeating link, that is, for a regular lesson at a specific time, you can make the same login link. The listeners were connected both from a stationary computer, and from a phone or a tablet (but, according to them, it is more convenient to work from a computer). Zoom allows everyone to communicate in real time, because the platform provides excellent commu-nication.the possibility of video and audio communication with each participant. At the same time, both the organizer and the participants have the ability to turn off and on the microphone and video. Convenience of demonstration of materials from the computer screen (screensharing). Screen sharing is very useful for showing a presentation during a lecture. During the practical lesson, the teacher can also open one or another file for demonstration the ability to record the lesson, both on a computer and on the cloud (this is important for those students who could not attend the lesson) chat where you can write messages, transfer filesthe presence of a breakout rooms function that allows students to be divided into pairs and groups to work together, as is usually the case during offline classes."

Moreover, such there are a lot of tools and available resources and digital tools in English as videos, online materials, for me, as an English-teacher, it was very convenient for me to conduct full-fledged distance classes, using the demonstration of video and audio material, presentations, text files, combining various forms of work: pair, individual, group. The lesson takes place in the mode of live communication, discussion of the topic, and the implementation of practical tasks. In addition I have used such electronic educational platforms YaKlass, MetaShkola, UchiRu, Sky Eng, British Council, FoxFord, to give a special advantage in the implementation of distance learning. And, beside of them I have applied Kahoot games, Quizzlets, Slides, other game and entertainment platforms with the aim of rising interest, and therefore the efficiency of studying

In general, my general feelings of distance work as a teacher are positive. Of course, a big plus is that everyone is in their own comfort zone - therefore, the level of assimilation of information can be higher.

In the conclusion, there can be next deductions:

Distance teaching technology helps:

1. "Erase" territorial boundaries.

2. Provide a comfortable learning rhythm for every student.

3. Automate routine educational processes.

4. To make training more accessible (although there are controversial points: such training is available from different parts of the world, it is cheaper than classroom training, but distance learning necessarily requires certain technical means, its organization is impossible "on the fingers").

5. Distance learning cannot be organized in a hurry. If you think that just a smartphone and a ZOOM installed on it are enough for an organization, this is a mistake. A well-thought-out teaching methodology, verified educational content has not been canceled. Another question is that if it is important to start distance learning urgently (already "today"), for example, in quarantine conditions, then specialized LCMS with ready-made modules in a particular subject can help out. True, alas, it is not possible to find suitable educational products for all subjects, and you still have to carry out the difficult work of filling the "shell" with educational materials.

6. When organizing distance learning, the age of the students is very important. What is a minus for a schoolchild, for an adult is absolutely irrelevant, and vice versa [16].

Modern LCMS, video conferencing platforms can become the most useful tools for quarantine, but all this is only if the transition to remote control is made as strategically competent as possible, which means that the tasks are clearly defined and the needs and characteristics of the target audience are taken into account.

In this situation, however, the distance learning format may not only organically fit into the outline of the future, but also become a priority in it. It is definitely impossible to exclude this. After all, there are really many advantages to the remote format. And the correction of the minuses is in our hands.

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ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ ПОЯСНИЧНО-КРЕСТЦОВОГО ОТДЕЛА ПОЗВОНОЧНОГО СТОЛБА ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ГИМНАСТИЧЕСКИХ УПРАЖНЕНИЙ В ПОДГОТОВИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ ЗАНЯТИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАНИМАЮЩИХСЯ СИЛОВЫМИ ВИДАМИ

СПОРТА

Баранхин О.В.

Аспирант ORCID: 0000-0002-6329-0450 Тюменский Государственный Университет, Институт Физической Культуры,

Тюмень, Россия

LUMBAR-TRUNK INJURIES PREVENTION WITH GYMNASTICS EXERCISES IN WARM-UP

TRAINING SESSION FOR POWER SPORTS

Barankhin. O.

PhD student

Tyumen State University, Institute of physical education,

Tyumen, Russia

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье рассмотрена проблема недостаточности стабильности и контроля пояснично-крестцового отдела во время выполнения соревновательных движений в силовых видах спорта. Данная проблема выступает ведущей среди часто описываемых в приведенной литературе среди большинства видов спорта.

ABSTRACT

At this paper show the main problems with deficit control and stability of lumbar-trunk region during competitive movements in power sports. This issue is the leading one among those described in the literature for most sports.

Goal of research: create a practical recommendation for lumbar-trunk injuries prevention with gymnastics exercises in warm-up training session for power athletes. Materials and methods: analyzed a broad online library sources (PubMed, Research Gate, Cochrane library, MedLine). To the analysis, was take researches with big groups of participants. Results: The literature survey on the issue raised found the usefulness of the warm-up part of the session as a way of avoiding injury, but at the same time the evidence base for the performance and effectiveness of gymnastic exercises as prevention of lumbar spine for power sports is insufficient. We have developed practical recommendations for both the warm-up part and the individual training session in an effort to increase