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Kholmamatov D.H. independent researcher SamIES
WAYS TO INCREASE ECO-TOURISM ROUTES IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. This article contains information about the opportunities for the development of ecotourism in Uzbekistan, the main ecotourism regions and their main tourist facilities. Also, practical suggestions on the aspects that should be paid attention to in the development of ecotourism routes have been put forward.
Key words: tourism and cultural heritage objects, recreational, scientific tourism, sports tourism, shop-tours, adventure, pilgrimage, adventure, ecotourism, exotic.
Introduction. The implementation of deep changes and diversification in the economy of Uzbekistan will have a positive impact on the tourism industry in the following years. Tourism is one of the sectors that is relatively new for Uzbekistan and is now developing, strengthening its position, and, at the same time, has a very bright future. Today, a number of measures are being taken to create several new types of tourism in Uzbekistan. In particular, the development of the concept of the development of the tourism sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of the Action Strategy for 2017-2021, as well as the Program of specific measures for the implementation of the Concept in 2017-2021 became the basis for the creation of new national tourist products and new tourist routes.
According to the 35th goal of the Development Strategy for 2022-2026, within the framework of the «Travel Uzbekistan»program, it is set to increase the number of domestic tourists from 12 million and to increase the number of foreign tourists visiting the republic to 9 million. In this, the wide introduction of barrier-free tourism infrastructure in the main tourist cities of the country. By 2026, doubling the number of people employed in tourism to 520,000 people, adopting the state program for the development of the infrastructure of tourism and cultural heritage objects and the effective use of more than 8,000 cultural heritage objects, Zomin, Forish, Bakhmal districts and tourism services in the next five years by establishing additional tourist zones and resorts in the Aydar-Arnasoy lake system, implementing projects worth 300 million US dollars, creating 25 thousand jobs, turning Samarkand into a «Tourism Gate»increase in size by at least 10 times. Ensuring employment of 40 thousand people in the field of tourism. In 2022, the establishment of the Samarkand tourism center, which includes the historical complex «Eternal City», and the necessary infrastructure, the implementation of a separate program for the development of ecotourism in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the Aral coast. In this regard, the wide use of the possibilities of the new airport of Moynok is specified.
Also, the 58th goal of the «Uzbekistan-2030»strategy states «Increasing the number of tourists by creating ample conditions for the development of foreign and domestic tourism in Uzbekistan». The main results to be achieved are to increase the number of foreign tourists to 15 million, the number of domestic tourists to 25 million, the number of tourists coming for pilgrimage tourism to 3 million, the organization of 30 large tourism clusters, the number of guest places to be increased by at least 2 times, 25 in mountainous areas It is planned to build highways, increase the number of tourist areas to 175.
Main part. Tourism is a complex socio-economic system, which consists of many sub-systems, which are different in terms of their structure, are interconnected and require each other. There are also several types of tourism. The specific characteristics of modern tourism are also characterized by its types. Currently, a number of types of classification of tourism according to several signs are given in the scientific literature. Tourism alone is classified according to its purpose as follows:
- recreational;
- healthy rest;
- recreation that increases knowledge;
- qualified work tourism;
- scientific tourism;
- sports tourism;
- shopping tours;
- adventurous;
- pilgrimage trip;
- addition;
- ecotourism;
- exotic.
The possibilities of organizing most of these types of tourism in Uzbekistan today are very high. In particular, the potential for the development of ecotourism, recreational, and scientific tourism is very high. In addition, the attention given to sports in our country, the hosting of continental and world competitions in some sports by Uzbekistan, will contribute to the development of sports tourism, the development of trade, the establishment of economic free zones, the storage of logistic transit goods and the transfer to the territory of neighboring countries. establishment of an international logistics center in Tashkent creates the ground for the formation of shop-tours, the restoration of the graves of famous scholars of Islam, and the organization of pilgrimages. Among them, ecotourism is the type of tourism that has the greatest potential and can be developed in almost all regions of the country.
Today, ecological tourism is widely developed in Uzbekistan, and many people are surprised by the uniqueness of our country's nature. Therefore, geographical and natural conditions are very favorable for the development of
ecological tourism. Here, at the same time, you can find endless deserts, high snow-capped mountains, valleys and oases, and unique beauty of rivers with abundant water.
Ecotourism is responsible travel to nature. The goal of tourists in eco-tourism is to see new places during the trip, enjoy the beauty of nature, clean mountain or forest air, rest in the bosom of «wild»nature, as well as foreign customs, culture, art, is to see historical monuments.
Recreational resources of ecotourism include nature, mountains and plains, rivers, deserts and oases, lakes and various landscape zones. Accordingly, ecotourism is divided into the following components:
- sea and ocean ecotourism;
- ecotourism of forest and artificial park zones;
- ecotourism of rivers and lakes;
- mountain ecotourism;
- ecotourism of historical monuments;
- ecotourism of architectural monuments;
- ecotourism of ecologically tight zones;
- ecotourism of specially protected natural areas.
Currently, there are four types of ecotourism.
1. Scientific tourism. In this, tourists conduct observations in field conditions, participate in nature research. For example, in one of the countries of Latin America - Colombia, eco-tours called «Birds of Colombia»are held to study the rich world of birds, in which ornithologists from other countries also participate and conduct scientific research. Tourists can use active methods of movement and enjoy the natural beauty. Scientific tourism also includes research expeditions abroad and field practice of students studying at natural faculties.
2. Types of studying natural history. This is a trip to explore the environment and local culture. They can often be organized in nature reserves and national parks. Butures are also organized in places where there are natural phenomena. This includes the trips of schoolchildren, in which teachers tell stories about the nature and history of the places visited.
In the southwest of the city of Samarkand are the mountains of Karatepa, on the top of which is the cave of Hazrat Davut. The way to this cave is paved and everyone can go there. But when visiting the cave, if a qualified tour guide leads and explains the history and reasons for the cave's appearance, then there would be no room for speculation and the legends about the cave would be explained. In addition, the appearance of the inside and outside of the cave could be greatly changed during the cleaning work carried out by eco-tourists.
3. Adventure tourism. This type of tourism includes trips that include all types of active activities, and it also includes types of recreation in nature. Their goal is to feel new emotions, experience impressions, improve the physical shape of tourists and achieve new sports achievements. This type of tourism includes
mountaineering, rock climbing, mountaineering, hiking, water-skiing and skiing and horseback riding.
4. Specially protected tourism. Individual travel to natural areas (AMETH) is the main type of ecotourism.
The main difference and uniqueness of ecotourism tasks.
Ecotourism has its own characteristics:
- participation of the local population in the socio-economic development of their regions;
- most of the natural tourism objects;
- use of independent nature;
- low power consumption;
- Tourists should be educated in the field of ecology.
There are great opportunities to develop ecotourism in all regions and even districts of Uzbekistan. In recent times, the establishment of fishing and animal husbandry on the banks of lakes, rivers, and coasts creates wide opportunities for ecotourism. Mountain ranges, nature reserves, and deserts make it possible to organize a number of ecotourism routes in our country.
We will pay special attention to some regions of Uzbekistan that have the potential to develop ecotourism and increase ecotourism routes.
In the Jizzakh region, ecotourism was established in the Nurota mountain range in the «Nurota-Kyzilkum bioreserve»area, and spontaneous, i.e., internal tourism is developed in the rest of the regions. It is planned to receive more than 35,000 tourists a year in about 10 hotels of the region, which mainly corresponds to the holy places included in the «State Protection List». That is, there are 42 historical places of pilgrimage, 267 archeological sites, 63 monumental monuments - statues, busts, commemorative squares in the region, which form the basis of tourism.
In addition, it is advisable to start ecotourism in the regions of Zomin and Bakhmaltuman, which are located at the foot of the Turkestan mountain range, known and famous for their fresh and unique nature, healing air and springs. In this case, the trip will be carried out in three ecological directions. These are the directions of the Jizzakh-Pishogor-Khojasarov ancestral shrine and the cave at the junction of the Pishogor village, the Jizzakh-Zomin-National Park-Zomin Museum and the Millennium Nut, and the territory of the Zomin State Reserve. Ecotourism routes will not make excessive changes to the regions. That is, separate buildings for hotel, restaurant and household services will not be built, but eco-tours will be welcomed in accordance with the lifestyle of the residents of this area, and their lifestyle will be provided.
Along with the unique nature of these regions, ecotourists become participants in various traditions and customs, weddings and holidays that embody the ancient culture and history of the population. Also, they enjoy ecologically clean and healing dishes such as tandir kebab, qimiz, beshbarmoq, suzma, kurut, brought to the table by the local residents, or participate in the
process of preparing these dishes according to their wishes. They can see and buy folk art creations such as sozana, hat, and whip kept in Otov museums.
In addition, there are enough natural and geographical objects related to the development of ecotourism in Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya, Navoi, Fergana regions and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Nature reserves, sanctuaries, mountains, deserts, lakes, caves, groves are the main objects of ecotourism.
One of the main conditions for the organization of ecotourism in the listed regions in Uzbekistan is the development of ecotourist routes and popularization. Ecotourism routes or ecotours are the basis of almost all ecotourism.
Conclusion. Ecotourist route is an ecological route that aims to provide tourists with nature-related recreation, sports, health, educational and spiritual (general educational) activities in a certain direction. are directions of action. In order for ecotourism routes to be understandable and popular, the concept of the tour should be fully explained, show the positive aspects of the trip, and determine the optimal features of the service facilities. As mentioned above, it should be implemented for different purposes, depending on the level of opportunity of people of different ages or social status. In many cases, ecotourism routes are combined with other types of tourist routes to make them interesting, extensive and profitable.
When developing ecotourist routes, you should pay attention to the following:
1. It is effective to carry out ecotourism together with other types of tourism, that is, from the point of view of economic efficiency, in most cases, to carry out ecotourism together with historical, religious, spiritual and educational tourism, to have a complex of several types of tourism on the ecotourism route;
2. Including agro-ecotourism landscapes (for example, reservoirs, nature reserves, plantations) in ecotourism routes, taking into account the high potential of agro-ecotourism in cultivated landscapes;
3. Taking into account anthropogenic, natural and natural-technogenic variability of geosystems;
4. A certain part of the profit from ecotourist routes should be directed to nature protection works in the ecotourist object;
5. In ecotourist routes, to introduce tourists to the basic rules, warning signs, measures to protect against the reproduction and feeding of rare fauna and flora, species included in the «Red Book»of Uzbekistan, and to monitor it.
6. On ecotourist routes, it is appropriate to organize events aimed at increasing the ecological consciousness and culture of the local population, organize roundtable discussions, and pay attention to the preservation of unique ecological systems.
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