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63БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
WASTE IS A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM Maxmudova D.I.1, Atadjanova M.K.2
'Maxmudova Dilora Ibragimovna — Ph.D, Docent;
2Atadjanova Mukhayyo Komilovna - Student, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, URGANCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGANCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the development of technical progress, an increase in the population size and the irrational use of the natural resources of the earth, led to the emergence of serious environmental problems. Disruption of the natural equilibrium manifests itself at the local and global level in the form of environmental degradation, climatic and other changes on the planet. The topic of environmental safety is quite relevant in the modern world. Waste is one of the major modern environmental problems, which carries a potential hazard to human health, as well as a danger to the environment. Keywords: garbage, radiochemical plants, radioactive waste, spent nuclear, ionizing radiation.
There is still a misunderstanding of the seriousness of the situation associated with municipal solid waste, therefore, there are no strict regulations, as well as the necessary legal and regulatory acts regulating issues related to waste and garbage. Waste - substances (or mixtures of substances) that are recognized unsuitable for further use in the framework of existing technologies, or after household use of products.
From the point of view of the natural sciences, any substance could theoretically be used in one way or another. The natural limitation of use is the economic feasibility of use.
Until a certain time, nature itself handled waste recycling itself, but the technical progress of mankind played an important role in this moment. There were new materials, decomposition or processing, which naturally can last more than one hundred years, and such anthropogenic pressures to nature are no longer under force. Yes, and a lot of important factor is the modern volume of garbage produced. It is just huge. But today, waste and garbage can be considered as raw materials.
They can be recycled and reused. Approximately 500 to 800 kg of waste per year is accounted for each city dweller. According to the data available to scientists, each of the inhabitants of the earth accounts for about 1 ton of garbage per year. And if all the garbage that had accumulated in one year was not destroyed, but fell into one pile, then a mountain would be formed from it with a height approximately like Elbrus (5642 m). And this number is growing all the time. The place is literally flooded with garbage. Solid household waste is diverse: wood, cardboard and paper, tech-style, leather and bones, rubber and metals, stones, glass and plastics. Rotting debris is a favorable environment for many microorganisms that can cause infections and diseases.
Radiochemical plants, nuclear power plants, research centers, produce one of the most dangerous types of waste - radioactive. This type of waste is not only a serious environmental problem, but can also create an environmental catastrophe. Radioactive waste can be liquid (most of them) and solid. Improper handling of radioactive waste can seriously aggravate the environmental situation. This type of pollution is global.
Radioactive waste (RW) - waste containing radioactive isotopes of chemical elements and having no practical value. Radioactive waste is the brainchild of the twentieth century, which is rightly called the century of the atom. Light bulbs are burning in our houses and household appliances are working, electricity for which comes from nuclear power plants. It is impossible to imagine modern hospitals without sources of radioactive radiation, serving both for diagnostics and for the treatment of a number of diseases. Well, science, like production, cannot do without multi-shaped devices in which radioactive elements are widely used. That is why the problem of disposal of such waste in recent decades has become one of the most pressing in terms of environmental safety. Indeed, today the volumes of radioactive waste amount to many thousands of tons per year. And they all require proper treatment with each other.
Often confused and considered synonymous with radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. It should distinguish these concepts. Radioactive waste, this material, the use of which is not provided. Spent nuclear fuel is a heat-sharing element containing nuclear fuel residues and a variety of fission products, mainly 137Cs and 90Sr, widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine and scientific
activities. Therefore, it is a valuable resource, as a result of processing of which fresh nuclear fuel and isotopic sources are obtained.
Radioactive elements contained in nuclear waste emit ionizing radiation. Ionization means that as a result of radiation, the redistribution of electric charge in cells occurs. This redistribution causes a number of chemical reactions in organic tissues, which can lead to both mass cell death and mutagenesis. Certain doses of ionizing radiation have an intense adverse effect on the human body, which after a while is not able to cope with it.
Список литературы
1. Милютин В.В., Гелис В.М. Современные методы очистки жидких радиоактивных отходов и радиоактивно-за-грязнённых природных вод. М., 2011.
2. Онищенко Г.Г. Роспотребнадзор. СП 2.6.1.1292-2003. Гигиенические требования по ограничению облучения населения за счёт природных источников ионизирующего излучения. Санитарные правила. Эко-Технология, (18 апреля 2003). Проверено 28 августа 2010. Архивировано из первоисточника 12 февраля 2012.
DISEASES RESULTED BY WASTE Atadjanova M.K.
Atadjanova Muhayyo Komilovna - Student, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, URGANCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGANCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the most dangerous consequences are carcinogenic and mutagenic diseases that negatively affect the future generation. Also, a radioactive effect can lead to a metabolic disorder in the body and a weakening of the immune system. Modern waste-disposal and waste-processing plants with their entire arsenal is a kind of an entire industry for recycling and recycling solid household waste from the urban population. Utilization of solid household waste as of today is the most acute problem of modernity that requires the use of new methods and technologies.
Keywords: plastics, pyrolysis products, synthesis gas, raw materials, sanitary earthfilling.
The probability of occurrence of the disease depends on the level of radioactivity and the duration of the radiation exposure to humans. Thus, all types of radioactive waste - from low radioactive to highly radioactive - can harm human health. However, the risk increases in the situation with high level waste. There are three situations when radiation will be dangerous for the human body:
—The direct proximity of a person to nuclear waste leads to direct irradiation (particle radiation or neutron radiation);
—Being inside or near structures where radioactive waste is stored, leads to the fact that a person directly inhales radionuclides with air or indirectly absorbs them with food (for example, after they are released into water);
—Contact of a person with radioactive waste or with containers, where they are contained, may have a pouting effect on the skin.
Recycling of solid waste is the real need for the inhabitants of the earth.
This is explained by the fact that previously used methods of waste disposal - incineration and burial at landfills - have shown their non-viability and, moreover, managed to bring a number of countries to the verge of the real ecological disaster.
This is explained by the fact that such components of garbage components like plastic and rubber decompose naturally for quite some time, and burning them creates a lot of harmful substances that enter the atmosphere, thereby causing a serious danger to human health.
Plastics are dangerous in their own way. They are not destroyed during an extended period of time. Plastics can lie in the earth for dozens and some types for hundreds of years. More than a million tons of polyethylene is spent on disposable packaging. Every year in Europe, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in garbage. There are innovative methods of obtaining from waste plastic products and materials to obtain diesel fuel and gasoline. This method was developed by Japanese scientists. This technology allows receiving from 10 kg of plastic waste up to 5 liters of
