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WASTE AS A SOURCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Atadjanova M.K.
Atadjanova Muhayyo Komilovna - Student, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, URGANCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGANCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: one of the most important principles of a sustainable environmental development strategy is the rational use of natural resources and the reduction of waste. Due to the imperfection of technological processes, the inevitable negative impact of the national economy on the environment and industrial waste as one of the components of this impact is now inevitable. Waste refers to the products of human activity in everyday life, in transport, in industry, not used directly in the places of its formation and which can be actually or potentially used as raw materials in other sectors of the economy or during regeneration. Keywords: environment, pollution, ozone layer, changes.
Waste depending on the source of education is divided into two groups:
- production waste;
- consumption waste.
Production waste is the remnants of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, formed during production and partially or completely lost their consumer qualities.
Consumption waste is used products or related products that are not suitable for further use for their intended purpose and that machines, household products and tools written off in the prescribed manner.
From the point of view of use, distinguish between recyclable and non-recyclable waste. For recycling in the world there are technologies of processing and their involvement in economic circulation.
Industrial wastes are complex multicomponent mixtures of substances with different physicochemical properties, which determines the degree of danger of their impact on the environment, the biosphere as a whole and the human body in particular. Waste can be chemical, biological, toxic, corrosive, flammable and explosive.
It is appropriate to recall the "ecological pyramid rule", according to which the higher the trophic level, the greater the concentration of substances in the biosphere, and hence the greatest manifestations of the action of harmful substances in animals and humans.
There are several classifications of waste (according to chemical nature, technological signs of formation, possibility of processing and use), and from the point of view of environmental impact, waste is classified by hazard level.
In our country, waste is distinguished according to four hazard classes. Belonging to one group or another is determined by calculation, if the hygienic parameters of the substance are known, or experimentally.
1. Extremely dangerous.
Waste containing mercury and its compounds, including mercuric chloride, hydrochloric acid and potassium cyanide, antimony compounds, including trichloric antimony, benzopyrene and others.
Mercury compounds are extremely dangerous for humans when released into the night, water, air. Mercury enters into compounds with protein blood molecules, changing its biochemical composition, causes deep damage to the functions of the central nervous system, severe kidney damage. Mercury compounds, being exposed in the body to various transformations, can cause chronic poisoning, characterized by a variety of symptoms: impaired endocrine glands function, severe damage to the respiratory tract, weight loss, impaired potency, anemia, visual and hearing impairment, chronic eczema.
Benzapiren - a strong carcinogen produced in the production of coal tar, coal tar pitch, shale tar, shale oil - is contained in crude oil, petroleum products, wood smoke, wood
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recycling products and peat. It has a high carcinogenic activity against humans and animals, it is possible the development of cancer tumors of various organs: lungs, stomach, mammary glands, etc.
2. Highly hazardous.
Waste containing copper chloride, copper sulfate, copper oxalate, trioxide antimony, lead compounds.
Lead is a poison acting on all living things; it affects the central nervous system, blood, blood vessels, adversely affects the endocrine and digestive systems. Under the influence of lead-containing compounds, hematopoietic organs are affected, enzymatic processes and overall metabolism are disturbed. Lead compounds have an embryotropic and gonadotropic action.
Copper is contained in the body mainly in the form of complex organic compounds and plays an important role in blood formation. Excessive copper in the body causes anemia, stomach ulcers, changes in the liver, and hemorrhages in the kidneys and testes, often resulting in death. In chronic intoxication with copper and its salts, a functional disorder of the nervous system occurs, impaired liver and kidney function.
3. Moderately dangerous.
Waste containing lead oxides, nickel chloride, carbon tetrachloride.
In case of acute poisoning with nickel chloride, excitement or depression, redness of the mucous membranes, diarrhea occurs. Prolonged poisoning causes a decrease in the number of red blood cells.
4. Low hazard.
Waste containing magnesium sulfate, phosphates, zinc compounds, mineral processing waste in a functional way using amines.
Magnesium contributes to the change of enzyme systems, disruption of nucleic acid metabolism. People have a nasal cavity, hair fall out. The effect of magnesium sulphate on the skin leads to dermatological diseases.
References
1. "Pollution - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-
webster.com. 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
2. Beil, Laura (15 November 2017). "Pollution killed 9 million people in 2015".
Sciencenews.org. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
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