CC BY
24БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
THE EFFECT OF THE WASTE TO THE NATURE Atadjanova M.K.
Atadjanova Muhayyo Komilovna - Student, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: at present, the atmosphere is emitted from various industries - gaseous, liquid and solid waste. This, in turn, contributes to environmental pollution. Of course, it is natural that any modern enterprise with the most advanced technology can produce the waste. At present, the problem of environmental degradation, creation of environmentally hazardous technologies is facing the mankind. Because most of the waste is thrown away to the nature without disinfecting and cleaning. As a result of their negative effects, the environment is adversely affected.
Keywords: harmful effects, plastic residues, repaired buildings, polyethylene packages.
In the spring and autumn, leaves-burning processes are frequently encountered. Of course, at one glance this method is convenient: we collect all the waste and burn them down. Along with the rubbish and various wastes, plastic bottles, polyethylene packages, various plastic residues of repaired buildings, greenhouse materials, ruberoids and so on are also burnt. When a ton of waste is burned, more than 5000m3 of gaseous emissions are released into the atmosphere. They contain many toxic substances (eg, dioxins).
Unlike rural areas, waste incineration rates have dropped significantly in urban areas. This is because the waste has been used as secondary raw material. The wastes are being transported to the places designated by the special equipment. Special waste transport is used for continuous cleaning, transportation and processing of waste.
People who are repairing the apartment in which they are living, fill the building waste, put them in polyethylene packages, and put them in the street or in the building corridors. This sometimes causes the neighbors' dissatisfaction. In order to avoid this situation, special container service for collection and disposal of waste has been introduced and can be ordered as well. The container is fitted to the required place and taken out after completion.
Now let's just pinpoint the harmful effects of burning waste on people and nature. If you buy any product from the store, the dealer will immediately cover it in a polyethylene bag. The same polyethylene packages are made of polyvinylchloride. It is widely used in the production of building materials, furniture, trays, children's toys. Combustion, even ignition, of products with this substance does not only produce gas and smoke, but also toxic gases, such as dangerous dioxins. One of the hazardous properties of dioxins is its cellular effect. It destroys all living things and many plants. The dangerous effects of such substances are stored for many years, and the most interesting thing is that no such toxic chemicals are destroyed biologically or chemically.
Worldwide population use about 4 trillion polyethylene packages annually. As a result of the release of polyethylene and plastics emissions to the environment, annually up to 1 mln. birds, 100,000 marine mammals and fish are dying out. Every year, 6 million 300 thousand tons of waste will be thrown to the ocean, and the main part of them is made of polyethylene and plastic products. They remain in the natural environment for almost a century.
In order to prevent the pollution of the environment with polyethylene packages, production and sale of polyethylene packages in more than 40 countries are limited or completely prohibited.
For example, the Marocos use 26 billion polyethylene packages annually. At the same time, Morocco ranks the United States on the use of polyethylene packages in the world. However, the Moroccan government recently adopted a new law banning polyethylene
packages. According to this law, the ban on distribution of polyethylene packages to the territory of the country was banned by the importers.
In Denmark, since 1994, commercial centers have paid a tax on polyethylene packages, with additional payment for their use. After that, the use of polyethylene packages decreased by 90 percent. Increasing the cost of packages in Ireland
Currently, plants that are specialized for 600-700 tons of waste incineration are being built in industrialized countries. These plants can be constructed at 300-500 m from the population, because their waste is burned at 1000- 13000 °C, and the waste does not smoke in such a high temperature, with the help of clamping devices. The resulting heat is used in baths, plants, and electrical energy.
The use of polyethylene packages in Uzbekistan is not yet banned. But it's time to limit the restriction or take action on the general restriction. We believe that the decisions to be taken and the measures taken will help to increase the ecological culture of the population. Indeed, it is the duty of each of us to protect our native land and nature.
The modern world is experiencing many problems. One of them is the relationship between society and nature. The environment is subject to strong pollution, the main cause of which is the highest creation of nature - human. The number of people is increasing every year, and the amount of industrial waste is also rising.
England is the first country in the world to deal with waste management. At the end of the 19th century a factory was built to burn waste. In Europe, waste is dispatched and then recycled.
Sweden is the leader in the list of successful re-runners (52 percent of the total). Next is Germany, where processing is 48%. In Russia this figure is not so high: only 25% of the total amount is processed.
Garbology is a science that explores wastewater treatment methods. In addition, it studies the peculiarities of society through the method of household waste management.
Every second, on planet earth, more than three kilograms of "natural" waste that does not harm nature is produced. It includes egg pots, fruits and bark. Food waste is about 29 percent of the household waste. The remaining 13 percent are glass, 11 percent - plastic, and 4 percent - metal waste and 18% - other types of wastes.
The paper towels disapper in three months in sea water, and it takes 6 months for match sticks to disappear fully. The rest of tobacco swims for 5 years on the sirface of the water. The polytheline packages makes the water dirty for nearly 10-12 years, neylon objects disappear after 35 years. It takes 500 years for the metal tins to disappear completely. The glass bottles need 1000 years to melt completely.
Losing unnecessary computers is one of the serious problems of garbalogy. Because the old technique contains toxic substances and they need closed dumps. These areas are constantly monitored. Vandals can be poisonous, but they can damage valuable items.
360 days of metal recycling process will help to save more than 150 million households with light and heat supply. The energy of recycling only one glass bottle is equivalent to energy spent on the production of a 100 Vt light bulb for four hours.
Fresh Kills is the largest multi-pounded landfill in America, with an area of 1,700 commonplace football fields. Over 13,000 tonnes of waste are brought to the polygon each day.
At Edmonton, situated in the UK, it was estimated that waste burning will save up to 100,000 tonnes of coal a year.
Sometimes waste containers are thrown directly into the sea. However, it does not provide protection for sea water. Because the materials that containers are made are disappear. Metal boxes disappear for 10 years, concrete boxes are disappear in 30 years.
The throwing process of polyethylene packages has a great impact on birds: more than 100,000 birds per year die. They eat or slaughter polyethylene and die in the bag.
Annually more than seven million tons of clothes are thrown into the dump. Of these, only 12% are recycled.
In our country consumers are now required to separate solid domestic waste in individual packages, separately for metals, types of metal, glassware, waste products, as well as bioaccumulates and other non-recyclable waste. Equipping waste collection boards with special containers for color separation, marking and labeling, as well as mercury-containing lamps should also be kept separately from other wastes. They are the main source of domestic waste recycling. It is strictly forbidden to dispose of solid household waste into streets, water ways, irrigation ditches.
References
1. Минеев В.Г. Экологические проблемы агрохимии. М: МГУ, 1988.
2. Абдиров Р.А., Агаджанян Н.А., Сафин А.Е. Экология и здоровье человека. Нукус, 1993. 103 с.
MEDICAL WASTE Atadjanova M.K.
Atadjanova Muhayyo Komilovna - Student, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND SAFETY OF LIFE, NATURAL SCIENCES FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: medical waste is an urgent phenomenon, which is one of the biggest problems facing healthcare professionals today. In many cases, this concept is misinterpreted with epidemics, existing litigation or social waste. Examples of medical waste include the use of any medical devices (gloves, bandages, coats, etc.), human or animal origin, infectious agents or diseases, and other vaccine or other vaccine We can say that waste is a type of disease. In fact, medical waste is any waste that infects the infectious material. Medical waste is mainly found in medical institutions, including hospitals, dental offices, laboratories, medical research institutions and veterinary stations.
Keywords: domestic containers, bandages, Infectious wastes, Autoclave, Hypocrites.
Medical waste can contain blood or similar harmful liquids. According to the 1988 Medical Waste Prevention Act, medical research, testing, diagnosis, immunization, and materials originating from the treatment of humans or animals are considered medical waste. Even domestic containers, bandages, lubricants, cutting tools, needles, scalpers, cotton bottles and others are known to be included.
The term medical waste is of the same importance as the meaning of all of these, regardless of the different names. These include: medical waste, biochemical wastes, clinical waste, biotic waste, infectious waste, waste disposal system, and so on.
Regardless of whether these terms are used interchangeably, there is a clear distinction between the term medical waste and biotic waste. Hypocrites are classified as biotic waste in human beings, human tissue and cells, liquids and other toxic substances. At the same time, they point out that non-toxic agents and animal feedstock are of general medical waste.
In fact, it is known that office supplies, waste products and household wastes are still included in the category of technical waste, with no adverse effects on the nature.
Types of Medical Wastes. The term "medical waste" includes a wide range of biological products in the healthcare system. Most of the medical waste is a waste of office supplies and hospitals. The following list contains the most common types of medical waste detected by the researchers.
• sharp cutting tools. These types of wastes include any kind of equipment that can bleach, including needles, scalpers, tanks, broken glasses, vests, ampoules, scoops, clamps, wires and troches.
