CC BY
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I
Г. I. Демидась
доктор с.-г. наук, професор,
завщувач кафедри кормовиробництва,
мелюраци i метеорологи',
Нацюнальний ушверситет
6iopecypciB i природокористування Украши
С. С. Пророченко
асгпрант кафедри кормовиробництва, мелюраци i метеорологи', Нацюнальний ушверситет 6iopecypciB i природокористування Украши
УДК 633.2:631.5/.8
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ Щ1ЛЫНОСТ1 ЛЮЦЕРНО-ЗЛАКОВОГО ТРАВОСТОЮ ЗАЛЕЖНО В1Д ВИДОВОГО СКЛАДУ ТА Р1ВНЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОГО Л1СОСТЕПУ УКРА1НИ
Анотацт. У статт! наведено результат трьохр/чних дослщжень з вирощування люцерно-злакових травосум'ииок в умовах Правобережного Шсостепу Украши. Дослщжено вплив видового складу травосум/'шок, норми виа'ву люцерно-злакового травостою та норм м/'нерального живлення на формування щшьносл ценоз/'в, встановлено найоптимальн/'шi види злакових компонент/в, норми виа'ву люцерни поа'вно/ 'для створення травосум!шок ¡з люцерною поа'вною. Встановлено, що показник щшьносл люцерно-злакових травосум!шок залежав вщ погодних умов, видового складу травосум/'шки, норм виа'ву та удобрения. Найбшьшу кшьюсть пагон/'в 1285шт./м2 забезпечила травосум/'шка до складу якоТ входять люцерна поа'вна, стоколос безостий, пажитниця пасовищна. Суттевий вплив на щшьн/'сть травостою забезпечило вплив м/'неральних добрив N60P60K90 та стимулятор росту Фумар. Ключовг слова: люцерно-злакова травосум/'шка, видовий склад, удобрения, щшьн/'сть.
Г. И. Демидась
доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой кормопроизводства, мелиорации и метеорологии, Национальный университет биоресурсов и природопользования Украины С. С. Пророченко
аспирант кафедры кормопроизводства, мелиорации и метеорологии, Национальный университет биоресурсов и природопользования Украины
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПЛОТНОСТИ ЛЮЦЕРНО-ЗЛАКОВОГО ТРАВОСТОЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ВИДОВОГО СОСТАВА И УРОВНЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ УКРАИНЫ
Аннотация. В статье приведены результаты трехлетних исследований по выращиванию люцерно-злаковых травосмесей в условиях Правобережной Лесостепи Украины Исследовано влияние видового состава травосмесей, нормы высева люцерно-злакового травостоя и норм минерального питания на формирование плотности ценозов, установлено оптимальные виды злаковых компонентов, нормы высева люцерны посевной 'для создания травосмесей с люцерной посевной. Установлено, что показатель плотности люцерно-злаковых травосмесей зависел от погодных условий, видового состава травосмеси, норм высева и удобрения. Наибольшее количество побегов 1285шт./м2 обеспечила травосмеси в состав которых входят люцерна посевная, костер безостый, райграс пастбищный. Существенное влияние на плотность травостоя обеспечило влияние минеральных удобрений N60P60K90 и стимулятор роста Фумар. Ключевые слова: люцерно-злаковая травосмесь, видовой состав, удобрения, плотность.
G. I. Demydas
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of Department Forage Production, Reclamation and Meteorology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine S. S. Prorochenko
Postgraduate Student of Department Forage Production, Melioration and Meteorology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
DENSITY DETERMINATION OF ALFALFA-CEREAL HERBAGE DEPENDING ON SPECIES COMPOSITION AND LEVEL OF MINERAL NUTRITION IN CONDITIONS RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Abstract. The article presents results of three-year studies on cultivation alfalfa and cereal grasses in conditions Right Bank Forest-steppe Ukraine. The influences of grass mixtures species composition, seeding rates of alfalfa and cereal grasses and doses of mineral nutrition on density formation of coenoses, the most optimal types of grass components, seeding rates of alfalfa for creation grass mixtures with alfalfa was established, was find out, that density of alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures depended on weather conditions, species composition of grass mixture, seeding rates and fertilizing doses. The largest number of shoots 1285 pes / m2 was provided by grass mixture, which includes alfalfa, awnless brome and perennial ryegrass. Substantial influence on grass density was provided by influence of mineral fertilizers N60P60K90 and growth stimulator Fumar. Key words: alfalfa-cereal grass mixture, species composition, fertilizing, density.
Problem formulation. In our time, the main problem yielding use, and they have an important ecological security in cattle fattening is balancing by protein feed, therefore, role and energy saving value. All this in complex, gives alfalfa and cereal grasses play an important role in high- better results than cultivating annual and single-species
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В1СНИКУМАНСЬКОГО НАЦЮНАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТУ САД1ВНИЦТВА
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CROP PRODUCTION
feed crops, and is a further subject searching of grasses intensification in combination with elements of technologies their cultivation [1].
Yield, feed value, durability, resistance to a certain mode of meadow land using significantly depends on the species and varietal composition of the formed herbage. One of the main conditions for the productive sowed herbage creation is proper selection of grasses and grass mixtures, with taking into account biological and cenotic features of the components, level of mineral nutrition, as well environmental and agrotechnical factors [2,3].
Analysis of recent research and publications. Sensible selection of grass mixtures for various uses plays an important role in creation of highly productive herbages. For the proper selection of grass mixtures, it is necessary to establish internal and interspecific functional relationships between plants in phytocoenoses, which necessitates studying the biological properties of individual components, grown on typical black soils, from the moment of their germination [4].
An important indicator which influence on meadow coenoses formation and transformation is grass density. From magnitude of this indicator also depends yield of the culture [5]. With it increasing the overall productivity of alfalfa-cereal mixtures also increases. Grass density depends, to a degree, on soil-climatic conditions and provision by soil nutrients.
Thus, can be established, that on density of both, valuable sowed herbages and motley grass, strongly influence have intensity of grass mowing and, as well, the types and methods of fertilizing. In particular, amount of cereal components is affected on the presence or absence of mineral nitrogen. Grasses, in most cases, react positively on
phosphorus and potassium fertilizers introduction^].
Purpose of study. Was to establish density formation of alfalfa and cereal herbages, depending on specific grass characteristics and investigated factors for further management improvement of the plants resistance mechanisms alfalfa and cereal herbages and productivity formation through fertilizing system and growth stimulator Fumar.
Methods of research. Research on the study of alfalfa and cereal herbages density, depending on cultivation technology in the northern part of Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, was conducted at the scientific laboratory of fodder production and stationary crop rotation of department at Production Unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" (Pshenychne village,Vasylkivsky district, Kyiv region), on typical black low-humus soils, rough-pew-loamy by mechanical composition. Experimental station is located in the Right-bank Forest-Steppe, which is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil region. Plowing layer has a grainy-dust-free, sublime-nut-grainy structure. The parent rock is at a depth 210 cm and contains 9-11% calcium carbonates. By mechanical composition, soil has 37% of physical clay and 63% of sand. Humus content in the arable layer is 4.2-4.6%, absorption capacity is 31-32 mg-ek per 100 g soil, degree of saturation with the bases is about 90%. In a soil layer 0-20 cm contains 0.2-0.31% of total nitrogen, 0,15-0,25% phosphorus and 2,3-2,5% of potassium. The content of mobile phosphorus is 4.0-5.5 mg per 100 g soil (high), exchangeable potassium - 15.0-16.5 mg per 100 g soil (above average), easyhydrolyzed nitrogen - about 1416 mg / 100 g (higher the average). Reaction of soil solution is close to the neutral pH of salt extract 6.7-7.0.
Ta6jwLi9i 1
Density of alfalfa grass mixtures depending on species composition and level of mineral nutrition _(average for 2014-2016 V pes / m2 ___
Grass mixture and sowing rate Fertilizing Alfalfa Cereals Total
Alfalfa 16 kg/ha Without fertilizers (control) 686 - 686
P6oK90 709 - 709
N60P6OK90 756 - 756
N60P60K90+ growth stimulator Fumar 770 - 770
Alfalfa 12 kg/ha + meadow fescue 8 kg/ha + reed fescue 10 kg/ha Without fertilizers (control) 457 620 1077
P60K90 489 643 1132
N50PeoK90 508 677 1185
N60P60K90+ growth stimulator Fumar 517 680 1197
Alfalfa 10 kg/ha + awnless brome 14 kg/ha + perennial ryegrass 10 kg/ha Without fertilizers (control) 497 647 1144
P60K90 523 678 1201
N50PeoK90 547 705 1252
N60P60K90+growth stimulator Fumar 558 727 1285
Alfalfa 12 kg/ha + reed fescue 14 kg/ha + reed fescue 14 kg/ha Without fertilizers (control) 478 628 1106
P60K90 501 659 1160
N60P60K90 531 690 1221
N60P60K90+ growth stimulator Fumar 540 701 1241
Alfalfa 10 kg/ha + cock's-foot grass 8 kg/ha + reed fescue 8 kg/ha Without fertilizers (control) 467 630 1097
P60K90 497 661 1158
N60P6OK90 516 687 1203
N60P60K90+ growth stimulator Fumar 530 695 1225
Alfalfa 8 kg/ha + awnless brome 17 kg/ha + reed fescue 8 kg/ha Without fertilizers (control) 460 618 1078
P60K90 493 645 1138
N60P6OK90 510 678 1188
N60P60K90+ growth stimulator Fumar 522 684 1206
BICHklK YMAHCbKOrO HALtfOHAJlbHOrO yHIBEPCMTETY CAfllBHMLlTBA №2, 2017
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According to the methodology and determined program, by spring sowing in 2014 was followed a three-factor experiment after precursor one-year cereals, namely maize on green fodder. Repeat of experiment - quadruple. All grass mixtures were fertilized in accordance with scheme of experiment by following types of fertilizers: nitric - in the form of ammonium nitrate (34% a. i.), potassium - potassium magnesia (26% a.i.), phosphorus - superphosphate (18.7% a.i.), as well as growth stimulator Fumar in the range 21 / ha on phase of grass tillering and alfalfa stooling.
Research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods for fodder production and meadow growing [6].
Main results of research. It is known that the density of any herbage, including alfalfa, is an important indicator, since shoots are an important organ on which the leaf surface is formed, which has a decisive role in yield formation [7].
Taking into account importance of this indicator, in conducted experiments was studied changes in the density of alfalfa and cereal herbage depending on species composition, seeding rates and fertilizing levels. Among the studied elements the most influential factors in terms of density were species composition and fertilizing. Significant changes in herbages density were observed in the first year of research. Due to these factors, during all years of research, the most intense tillering formation was observed in awnless brome, perennial ryegrass, as well in all grass mixtures with these species. Crops were characterized by intense growth and formed herbage with greater height, leaf width, intense sprout formation, which positively affected on its botanical composition, leaf surface formation and yield (Table 1).
Thus, alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures, which consisted of awnless brome, perennial ryegrass, provided a large number of shoots, their greater height and leaf surface, which ultimately contributed to the formation of higher yields. At the same time, the mentioned cultures were distinguished not only by intense sprout formation but also by high phytocoenic activity. Thus, in grass mixtures, they used resources of the environment more thoroughly than other types; therefore, during the years of research they formed quickly and became dominant in above-ground phytomass accumulation.
On the basis of research, it was found that largest density (Table 1) was formed by grass mixtures: alfalfa +
awnless brome + perennial ryegrass with mineral fertilizers N60P60K90 and growth stimulator Phumar application it was 1285 pieces / m2. Applying of such important technology element as mineral fertilizers introduction, can to some extent control the process of forming optimum density of herbage, and significantly affect herbage productivity and quality of the feed.
Little bit lower density, was provided by grass mixtures, which consisted from alfalfa + meadow fescue + reed fescue, without fertilizer, it was 1077 pes. / m2.
It is common knowledge that yields of grasses consists from different types of shoots, their organs, and density of standing. In addition, plant density - an important factor that determines intensity and nature of relationship between plants.
Conclusions. Consequently, density of alfalfa-cereal mixtures is one of important indicators, which directly affects on yield of perennial grasses and most depends on species composition and level of mineral nutrition. The greatest number of shoots and density increasing were observed in grass mixtures: alfalfa + awnless brome + perennial ryegrass with mineral fertilizers N60P60K90 and growth stimulator Phumar application it was 1285 pes. / m2.
References
1. Bezkrovny A.K., Bistritsky V.S., Tsyupa M.G. Crop rotations on drained lands // Crop rotation - the basis of intensive farming. K., 1986. P. 241-252.
2. Demidas G.I. Yamkova V. V. Change in the productivity of cereal-bean mixtures on the green mass, depending on the density of their crops // Feed and fodder production, 2011. V. 69. P. 152-156.
3. Efimov V.N., Tsarenko V. P., Yudishkin T.A. Nitrogen fertilizer balance under perennial grasses on peat lowland soils of the northwest of the Non-blacksoil zone RSFSR. 1989. P. 15-19.
4. Demidas G.I., Demtsyura Y.V. Formation of density of sown agrophytocenoses depending on the species composition of perennial grasses and their fertilizer level //Vestnik Uman National University. 2016. P. 56-58.
5. Petrichenko V.F. Actual problems of development of modern feed production in Ukraine// Bulletin of Agrarian Science. 2006. №. 12. P. 55-56.
6. Babich A.O. Methodology of experiments on fodder production // Vinnytsia, 1994. P. 96.
7. Kozyar O.M. Formation of a leafy machine by bean-cereal agrophytocenoses depending on their composition and level of mineral fertilizing in conditions of right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine // Scientific Bulletin of the National Agrarian University. 2006. Vol. 102. P. 96-101.
8. Demidas G.I., Kvitko G.P., Polishchuk I.S., et. all. Perennial grasses as a factor in the sustainable development of agriculture in Ukraine // National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, National Science Center. 2013. P. 31-34.
Л. M. Ермакова
I канд. с.-г. наук, доцент кафедри рослинництва, Нацюнальний ушверситет öiopecypciB i природокористування Украши
УДК 633.85:631.5
Т. I. Пророченко
асгпрант кафедри рослинництва, Нацюнальний ушверситет öiopecypciB i природокористування УкраТни
СТРУКТУРА ВРОЖАЮ Р1ПАКУ ЯРОГО ЗАЛЕЖНО В1Д ШИРИНИ М1ЖРЯДЬ ТА НОРМИ ВИС1ВУ НАС1ННЯ В УМОВАХ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОГО
Л1СОСТЕПУ УКРА1НИ
Анотацт. Наведено результат дослщжень, спрямованих на вивчення та визначення комплексного впливу норм вис/'ву та ширини м/'жрядь на формування продуктивное/' рослин р/'паку ярого сорту Ор/'ус та п'бриду Озорно в умовах Правобережного Шсостепу Украши, а також визначення зв'язюв м'1ж дослщжуваними показниками з/ структурними елементами врожаю. Дослщження проводились протягом 2015-2017 рр. в умовах стац'юнарно)', польовог авозм'1НИ кафедри рослинництва у ВП НУБИ1 Укра'/ни «Агроном!чна дослщна станщя». Г'рунти — чорноземи типов'1 (глибою) малогумусн/, грубопилувато-легкосуглинкового механ/'чного складу. Дослщження проводилися з сортом С'/р'/ус та
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В1СНИК УМАНСЬКОГО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО УН1ВЕРСИТЕТУ САД1ВНИЦТВА
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