CC BY
110DOI 10.24411/2076-1503-2020-10237
БЕЗРУКОВА Дарья Юрьевна,
студентка Института права и национальной безопасности ФГБОУ ВО «Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации», e-mail: bezrucova.daria@yandex.ru
ЕГОРОВА Юлия Александровна,
кандидат филологических наук, доцент Центра лингвистики и профессиональной коммуникации Института права и национальной безопасности ФГБОУ ВО «Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации», e-mail: liaego@yandex.ru
ВАЖНОСТЬ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЛАДЕНИЯ АНГЛИЙСКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ ДЛЯ СОТРУДНИКОВ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ ТАМОЖЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Аннотация. Данная статья посвящена проблеме важности навыков общения на профессиональном английском языке в практической и нормотворческой деятельности сотрудников Федеральной таможенной службы Российской Федерации. Авторы рассматривают основные области использования английского языка как инструмента реализации функций, возложенных на таможенные органы. Уделяется особое внимание вопросам международного сотрудничества. В статье перечислены основные формы такого взаимодействия, подробно описан порядок проведения встреч представителей таможенных администраций в рамках деятельности тех или иных организаций и иных институциональных образований. Авторы освящают проблемы применения английского языка в практике таможенных органов и указывают на предпринятые меры по их преодолению.
Ключевые слова: таможенный контроль, рабочий язык организации, взаимная административная помощь, международное сотрудничество.
BEZRUKOVA Daria Yuryevna,
A student of Institute of Law and National Security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
EGOROVA Yuliya Alexandrovna,
candidate of philology, associate Professor of the Center for Linguistics and Professional Communication, Institute of Law and National Security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCE FOR CUSTOMS OFFICERS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Annotation. This article is devoted to the importance of communication skills in professional English in practical and rulemaking activity of officials of the Russian Federal Customs Service. The authors consider the main spheres where the English language is used as a tool for implementation of customs officer's functions. Special attention is paid to international cooperation. The basic forms of such interaction are listed, modalities for holding meetings of customs administrations' representatives within the activity of some international organizations and other institutional entities are described in detail. The authors highlight problems concerning the use of English in the customs practice and point to the already made attempts to overcome them.
Key words: customs control, working language, mutual legal assistance, international cooperation.
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An official of Customs authority is a member of the Customs Service which acts as a legitimate representative of the government in the field of customs matters. This person is a specialist that deals with a number of tasks in the sphere of foreign economic activity and therefore performs several functions including levy of customs fees, enforcement of border crossing rules as well as investigation of crimes and administrative offences connected with the violation of treaties and acts on customs regulation. A competent customs clerk must possess a considerable body of knowledge and a set of technical skills to do his job effectively. Currently, one of the most debated issues raised in the development of the state education programs, is the importance of the English language for the customs students. Other authors who wrote about building English language competence for future customs officers highlighted the relevance of the professional thesaurus [6], regional peculiarities and the necessity to study two foreign languages [3], the motivating force of the authentic professional materials and internalization processes [2, 8, 1]. This article focuses on professional competence in the main spheres where the English language is used as a tool for implementation of customs officer's functions.
As it is stated in article 2 of the Federal Law № 289 «On Customs Regulation in the Russian Federation...", customs regulation in Russia is exercised mostly in accordance with Russian legislation and acts of the law of the Eurasian economic union [11] (EAEU or Union) - an international organization of regional economic integration whose mission is to provide free exchange of goods and production factors between Member States as well as to develop their economy [4]. According to the provisions of Treaty on the EAEU (article 110) the Russian language is admitted as the working language of the Union, which means that all international agreements drafted within the framework of the EAEU and the decisions made by the Commission (the institutional body of the international organization functioning on the regular basis) are adopted in Russian [4]. Besides, in article 8 of Customs Code of the EAEU it is stated that customs documents submitted by participants of the foreign economic activity to the customs authorities are completed in the Russian Language or in the official languages of other EAEU States while documents presented by the customs authority of one Member State to the customs authority of another Member State - should be only in the Russian language [10].
However, as it was mentioned above, the customs authorities are responsible for the regulation of several processes occurring in the sphere of international trade, which means that a foreign person can act as one of the parties of such legal relations. This
implies that foreign languages become an essential instrument of customs clerks' responsibilities performance.
One of the functions carried out by the officials of Customs authorities is the conduction of the customs control aimed at identifying goods transported across the customs border of the EAEU with the violation of customs regulations as well as checking the compliance of the officers with such rules while performing their professional activity. There are seven forms of customs control established in the legislation of the Union according to article 322 of Customs Code [10]. The most widespread practice among these forms is receiving explanations. It implies direct interaction between customs officers and natural persons who can provide useful information in connection with customs control, for example, an English-speaking carrier of the seller (foreign party). A customs clerk is supposed to have enough knowledge of legal and business English to communicate with such a person effectively and as a result get the necessary data about the goods, means of transport, chosen customs procedure, documents and other selected objects of the control [17, p. 74]. The same concerns a personal customs examination - a special form of the customs control. It consists in a manual body search for the purposes of detecting concealed goods in respect of which the tariff, non-tariff and other protective measures of foreign trade regulation are imposed with the documents' review in order to reveal the identity of an offender.
A customs officer must be trained to speak English fluently using lexical patterns understandable to everyone lacking a legal background and also particular vocabulary to complete all the necessary formalities included in the content of the personal customs examination. A customs officer introduces himself to the passenger passing the customs control or the transit zone of the international airport who behaves suspiciously or in respect of whom special X-ray equipment shows the presence of hidden items or substances. Then the official asks this person some questions in the language which the latter can understand inviting the suspicious passenger to the isolated premise where the examination is carried out. According to the rules set in article 329 of Customs Code, a natural person needs to be informed about the decision on carrying out a customs control and his/her legal rights before the examination. It is also stated that if it is necessary the person to be examined can use services of an interpreter who provides him with high-quality translation [10].
Some aspects of the Federal Customs Service activity (FCS) are closely connected with the international cooperation with customs and other authorities of foreign States, including English-speaking ones, and international organizations. The Customs Code
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of the EAEU (in article 270) provides that the interaction of customs authorities comprises, in particular, regular exchange of information, including data specified in a declaration for goods or in other customs documents and preliminary rulings on the classification of commodities [10]. At present, Eurasian economic union as well as its Member States have drafted several international treaties with foreign States (the Russian FCS has signed 326 treaties and memorandums with 71 foreign customs administrations). These documents regulate issues both on international cooperation as a whole and its certain aspects. For example, the EAEU and Social Republic of Vietnam have drafted the Agreement on Free Trade Zone, according to which any administrative cooperation between Parties is implemented in the English language [9]. Also, on December 12, 2019 the Russian Federal Customs Service and the Federal revenue Secretariat of the Ministry of Finance (Brazil) have concluded a Memorandum of understanding on the exchange of information necessary for implementation of customs control after the release of goods [20]. Moreover, The Customs Code of the EAEU also establishes in article 271 that customs authorities should collaborate by sending and completing the requests in the form of electronic letters. Translation of such requests from the official language of the State of the initiating authority (including English) to the Russian language and vice versa is carried out by customs authorities of the EAEU Member States to which the letters are sent [7]. In particular, such requests give legal grounds to introduce such forms of customs control as unplanned on-site customs check. It can be motivated by the necessity to verify a person that has entered into a contract connected with the movement of goods across the Union's customs borders. Investigation including prevention, detection and suppression of crimes and offences committed in the sphere of customs regulations also fall within the competence of the customs authorities. In accordance with the international treaties the customs authorities of the EAUE interact with each other and with foreign persons (foreign law enforcement agencies and international law enforcement organizations) within a framework of mutual legal assistance on criminal cases and cases on administrative offences. The cooperation can be realized in the form of joint operational activities as well as exchange of information on investigation. The interaction is implemented in foreign languages, more frequently in English as an international tool of communication. In 2018 the FCS organized 17 special international customs operations which resulted in 90 criminal and administrative cases revealed. During preparation and conduction of FIFA World Cup 2018 it was decided to hold scale international operation «Goalkeeper» in
order to prevent smuggling. As a consequence, 53 criminal and 2280 administrative proceedings were initiated. The structure of the General Department of Anti-Smuggling of the Russian FCS includes a specialized subdivision «RILO- Moscow» providing exchange of information on law-enforcement activities between the WCO Member States and other organizations like INTERPOLE [18]. Due to the data given the FCS opened 77 criminal and 94 administrative cases in 2018 [14].
The development of globalization in the sphere of world economy determines the necessity of legal regulation of international relations, so specialized organizations have become the key instrument to implement this task. Nowadays the Russian Federal Customs Service is an official member of such global organizations in the sphere of customs affairs -as the World Customs Organization (WCO). This institutional foundation provides the forum for negotiations concerning the improvement of Customs administrations in order to make the processes of world trade simpler. Members exchange their experience in solving some common and extraordinary problems and make their proposals on harmonization of customs procedures and unification of customs operations rules. The meetings are held in English and French as the official languages of the WCO. It means that the delegates can give a keynote to the audience only in one of these languages while his/her speech is simultaneously translated into the other [19]. Mandatory conventions and recommendations are signed in these languages too. Only then they are translated in the official languages of Member States. For this reason, the Russian FCS being authorized by the relevant body of the Commonwealth of Independent States sent to the WCO a request to use Russian as the working language: (as the significant number of customs administrations of the WCO members understand Russian). However, the working group on the use of additional foreign languages at meetings as well as on the translation of the WCO'S documents in Russian, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese has not achieved stated goals [15]. Now the Russian language is used as a working language to deal exclusively with the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System: all the publications, reports of the Committee's and Subcommittee's, documents as well as speech of delegates at relevant meetings are translated in Russian but at Russia's own expense by the WCO'S translators working on a regular basis [5].
In addition to its participation in multilateral activities of the WCO the Russian FCS organizes meetings of the Moscow International Customs Attaché' Club, which unites representatives of foreign customs administrations all over the world in order to discuss some urgent matters concerning customs
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affairs [12]. An anniversary conference in particular took place on 24 January 2020. It was attended by diplomats from Hungary, Germany, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkey, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland and South Ossetia as well as representatives of the FCS of Russia in foreign countries. Participants summed up the results of international collaboration over the past year, including the conclusion of agreements on the mutual recognition of the status of an authorized economic operator and the «green corridor» project [16].
Finally, every year there is an International Customs forum conducted in Russia. The representatives of Customs Services of foreign states, intergovernmental organizations including the WCO, BRICs, JETRO, AEB take regular participation in this event for elaboration of measures to overcome crisis situations and establishment of development path in the areas of customs. Last year the issues on the creation of e-customs, improvement of customs payment and risk management system were on the agenda [13].
In conclusion, it is necessary to highlight that the English language is one of the most important instruments used by customs officers and other specialists in the sphere of customs affairs. It is used by customs clerks to interact with persons suspected of committing an offence or possessing useful data within customs control as well as to cooperate with customs authorities of foreign states by exchanging information or sending and executing requests. Finally, English is a working language of the World Customs Organization, which means that all meetings are held in English and official documents are drafted in it.
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[17] Bezrukova D.U. Egorova U.A. The peculiarities of professional communication of customs officials // Tendencii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya. 2019. № 51-3. - C. 73-76.
[18] RILO - Moskva [Elektronnyj resurs] // Oficial'nyj sajt Federal'noj tamozhennoj sluzhby Rossijskoj Federacii / URL: http://customs.ru/activity/pra-vooxranitel-naya-deyatel-nost-/rilo-moskva/ (data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2020).
[19] The WCO. Nature of work/ The official website of the International Association of Conference Interpreters [Electronic resources] // Oficial'nyj sajt Mezhdunarodnoj associacii perevodchikov konfer-encij/URL: https://aiic.net/page/6294/wco-world-cus-toms-organization/lang/1 (data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2020).
[20] Customs of Russia and Brazil signed a Memorandum of understanding on the exchange of information for customs control after release of goods/ Russian Customs [Electronic resources] URL: https:// russian-customs.org/customs-of-russia-and-brazil-signed-a-memorandum-of-understanding-on-the-ex-change-of-information-for-customs-control-after-re-lease-of-goods/ (data obrashcheniya: 29.01.2020).
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ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ПРАВО № 2 • 2020
