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9УЧЕТ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ КУРСАНТОВ ВЕДОМСТВЕННЫХ ВУЗОВ ПРИ
ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ
Лебедева Наталья Алексеевна
преподаватель иностранного языка кафедры гуманитарных и социально-экономических наук, старший лейтенант внутренней службы,
Пермский институт ФСИН России, г. Пермь Е-mail: tereh1986@inbox.ru
CONSIDERATION AND FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CADETS OF DEPARTMENTAL
UNIVERSITIES IN THE FORMATION OF FOREIGN-LANGUAGE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Natalya Lebedeva
Lecturer of English Language at the Chair of Humanitarian, Social and Economic Disciplines, Senior Lieutenant, Perm Institute of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, Perm
e-mail: tereh1986@inbox.ru
Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются психолого-педагогические характеристики курсантов ведомственных вузов, дается краткая характеристика психолого-педагогических особенностей курсантов-кинологов, выделяются цели, задачи и базовые принципы, от которых зависит успешность образовательного процесса, в том числе по иностранному языку.
Ключевые слова: иностранный язык в вузе, курсант-кинолог, курсант ведомственного вуза, высшее образование, вуз.
Abstract: the article discusses the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of cadets of departmental universities, gives a brief description of the psychological and pedagogical features of cadets-dog handlers, highlights the goal, objectives and basic principles that determine the success of the educational process, including in a foreign language.
Key words: foreign language at the University, cadet dog handler, cadet of a departmental University, higher education, University.
Psychological and pedagogical features of cadets are manifested both in interests, requests, spiritual appearance, and in educational and daily activities.
The leading psychological property of a person is orientation. The effectiveness of the training process of cadets is determined by their desire to work in their specialty, their attachment to animals and their attitude to business. But for successful professional development, it is necessary to create special pedagogical conditions for educational institutions.
© Лебедева Н.А., 2020
Thanks to the development of the educational program, cadets of departmental universities master the system of skills, knowledge and skills, as well as form high moral, service and psychological qualities. This is what affects the professional line in life.
In the psychological structure of the military-professional orientation, the basic place is occupied by professional and military-political beliefs. They are a complex of emotional, cognitive and volitional elements that are imbued with volitional aspirations.
The main goal of the educational process of cadets is a purposeful, direct and indirect pedagogical influence on the will and consciousness of military personnel, ensuring the translation of moral and social requirements into the requirements of cadets to themselves.
The basic goal implies the following tasks of personal development, such as the formation of self-awareness and value attitude to the defining Patriotic concepts (constitutional duty, conscience, honor, homeland), familiarization with the history and traditions of their people and Fatherland, the Armed forces of the Russian Federation, the formation of respect for other nationalities and faiths, the formation of awareness of the need for military discipline and self-regulation of behavior in accordance with this, the formation of physical improvement and readiness to endure psychological and physical stress, preparing the mind for the possibility of transition from peacetime to wartime, and many others.
Not only commanders, but also teachers of educational institutions can manage these processes and prepare cadets for their duties. They should maximize the content and potential of each discipline.
When preparing for classes, the teacher must focus on both educational and educational goals.
As part of the educational process, it is necessary to form cadets as future specialists. Teachers should plan the subject, form and methods of teaching in such a way as to focus on the character traits that need to be cultivated in future graduates of a departmental University.
Using these rules in real practice of the educational process will allow you to rely on a set of interrelated parts.
In the pedagogical process, the unity of the application of the processes of education and training is particularly effective. Moreover, the forms and methods can be varied. Therefore, training must necessarily be educative.
The content of training sessions should include a system of scientific data, facts from life, traditions in the service of employees, and so on. The classes should be based on a variety of activities aimed at improving the quality of professional training of cadets-dog handlers.
The discipline "Foreign language" is no exception. The subject is a mandatory component in the state Federal educational standard.
The purpose of learning a foreign language is to form a multidimensional professional picture of the world for cadets, using the tools of the discipline,
while simultaneously mastering a set of key competencies (social and labor, communication, information, value-semantic, educational and cognitive, General cultural, personal self-improvement competence) [1-14].
Important components of the future specialist's competence are excellent knowledge of the chosen profession, a positive attitude to study, service and discipline.
Classes in a foreign language should help students master it as a means of communication within the chosen specialty.
Practical orientation of teaching and familiarity with special, General scientific terminology is aimed at acquiring additional information in the field of professional activity, preparing future specialists for international contacts, working with information, active use of a foreign language in the future profession [3, p. 576].
In adolescence, the worldview is actively formed as a system of value orientations and beliefs. Young people feel the need to develop their attitude to life, formulate plans and prospects, where the main place should be taken by professional development and self-development.
Taking into account age characteristics, as well as features characteristic of cadets-the presence of acute susceptibility, impressionability, emotionality, they often react very strongly to their shortcomings and failures, including in educational activities.
The first courses are difficult for cadets to learn. There are many reasons for this.
Methods and forms of education are very different from school. Former students of General education institutions were used to the fact that they were constantly encouraged to study, there was also a control system of the teacher, which forced them to work regularly and systematically. Parents also paid considerable attention to this process.
In secondary and higher educational institutions, students receive lectures, seminars, practical and laboratory work; the level of control decreases. It is not always possible to prepare for classes, remember, solve and teach. Therefore, cadets often have a sense of ease of learning and confidence that it will be possible to master everything before passing tests and exams. Often there is a careless attitude to learning.
Given the stressful nature of the adaptation process, students often have negative experiences and reactions.
Another contradiction of the initial stage of training is that the training material becomes more complex, and the skills of independent work are absent.
Developing self-reliance is a very important component of learning. The cadet must learn to take initiative and make decisions in difficult situations. A significant place is occupied by the independent development of conclusions, judgments, beliefs and views. As a result, you will develop perseverance, resilience, the ability to overcome difficulties and carry out activities without assistance. Complicating the process of adaptation is the fact that the cadets who enter differ in different levels of training in a foreign language. Many of them have difficulties when writing notes at
lectures, reading and highlighting the main thing in the textbook, searching for the necessary information system, conducting analysis and synthesis of the obtained data. Cadets are not always able to express correctly their thoughts, even in their native language.
In the course of training, cadets gradually begin to gain experience of service and study, to act based on the requirements of military regulations and military oaths. As a result, there are significant changes in the spiritual appearance of future specialists.
The cadets' worldview becomes more complete and meaningful, their knowledge develops into beliefs, and their character traits become more stable. Students are already able to use arguments to defend their position in life. Gradually begins to form a military mindset that allows you to act in a combat situation more successfully.
On the other hand, due to the combination of official, educational and scientific activities, cadets have an increase in mental and physical loads, insufficient time and an exhausting rhythm of activity. The training process is subject to a clearly defined daily schedule, of which self-training becomes part. Therefore, it is necessary to develop self-regulation, strong-willed qualities, and the ability to plan and organize their activities.
To effectively prepare for the future profession, cadets need to adequately assess their strength and capabilities, be able to behave correctly in conflict situations, show discipline and control of their emotional state.
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