CC BY
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Submitted: 24.05.2018
Author's information
Siavash Khodaparast Sareshkeh - Department of Physical Education, Piranshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Piranshahr, Iran, e-mail: s.khodaparast.yahoo.com
Vahid Bakhshalipour- Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Siyahkal, Iran, e-mail: vahidbakhshalipour@yahoo.com
DOI 10.14526/02_2018_318
THEORETICAL EFFECTIVENESS SUBSTANTIATION OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT LESSONS FOR PHYSICAL, MORAL AND PSYCHIC HEALTH CORRECTION
OF CHILDREN AND TEEN-AGERS
Edyshev D.S.1, Nazarenko O.S.1, Valkina O.N.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov" Russia, Ulyanovsk, avnokn@mail.ru
Annotation. Further state development and strengthening is determined by the ability of the oncoming generations to take responsibility for the important objectives realization, which provide high tempo of all national economy development spheres. It demands the corresponding level of physical and spiritual- moral health; the mechanisms use, which support normal functioning of an organism. Materials. Theoretical and methodological necessity substantiation of children and teenagers with deviant behavior involvement into physical-sports activity, as a prospective direction of their physical, moral and psychic health correction. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis and systematization, progressive pedagogical experience summarizing, pedagogical experiment, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The methodology of involvement students into a systematic directed physical load use is created. The specificity of lessons was their orientation to the definite aim achievement for the definite time period, taking into account motivation, the level of physical readiness, individual peculiarities, interests, abilities and needs. Experimental check showed the expediency of the created methodology. Conclusion. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed that physical culture and sport are powerful means of the organism preservation regulatory systems in case of their rational use. Children and teen-agers involvement into physical-sports activity is a prospective direction of their physical, spiritual-moral health correction; creates the conditions for their creative development. The importance of physical exercises for moral-volitional, moral and intellectual qualities formation should be taken into account. Educational-upbringing activity
should be thoroughly planned on the basis of step-by-step realization of the set objectives and short-term and long-term aims achievement.
Keywords: physical-sports activity, children and teen-agers, methodology, pedagogical experiment. For citations: Edyshev D.S., Nazarenko O.S., Valkina O.N. Theoretical effectiveness substantiation of physical culture and sport lessons for physical, moral and psychic health correction of children and teen-agers. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(2): 114-119. DOI 10.14526/02 2018 318
INTRODUCTION
Recent years, in the opinion of L.I. Lubysheva, 2001, 2006; L.D. Nazarenko, 2001, 2015; V.K Balsevich, 2007; Z.M. Kuznetsova, Y.P. Simakov, 2009; V.I. Stolyarov, 2009; S.D. Neverkovich, 2010 and others, are characterized by schoolchildren's health indices, physical development and physical readiness indices decrease. Schoolchildren have insufficient level of knowledge in the sphere of physical culture and sport, don't know the methodology of independent use of physical exercises; since adolescence there is a considerable interest decrease in physical culture lessons [4, 9, 11]. All these things show system crisis of school physical upbringing, which influenced all structural components: a complex of aims and objectives, program content, teaching and upbringing means and methods, forms of lessons organization, pedagogical and medical control techniques. The most important thing in physical-health improving and sports-mass activity organization is methodical support of educational, health improving and upbringing objectives complex realization.
Especially urgent is the problem of children and teen-agers upbringing, which is conditioned by insufficient effective use of physical culture and sport potential. The existing system of school disadaptation overcoming, which is reflected in discipline violation, inadequate behavior, low level of progress in studies, interpersonal conflicts, doesn't correspond with the character of the processes, which happen among teen-agers, it can't stand different negative phenomena. The criterion of physical-health improving and sports-mass work effectiveness is the interest of those, who train in the used forms of
lessons, their positive psycho-emotional state, need for active use of physical culture and sport means and forms.
The aim of this research work is theoretical and methodological substantiation of the necessity to involve children and teenagers with deviant behavior into physical-sports activity as a prospective direction of their physical, moral and psychic health correction.
Objectives:
1. Effective ways revelation of children and teen-agers with deviant behavior involvement into systematic physical culture and sport lessons and also the conditions of their effectiveness determination.
2. Methodology creation of pupils involvement into regular use of the directed muscular load and experimental check of this methodology expediency. MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS
Further social-economic effectiveness increase of social production is conditioned not only by its intensification, but also by the character of involuntary sphere impact, which influences the final result. The degree of physical culture and sport means influence on social adaptation of schoolchildren, their working capacity, social-political activity, interaction with environment is provided by state system of physical upbringing, the authority of which is mainly conditioned by the level of specialists' professionalism, their ability to realize independent creative thinking, conduct prospective directions in physical exercises use.
The importance of physical culture and sport means realization in solving the problem of a directed personality upbringing,
motivation, goal-setting control, managing the mechanisms of means preference and the ways of their use for self-development and self-realization is the base of educational-upbringing process effectiveness achievement. Conditionality understanding of deep transformations in a forming system of teen-agers spiritual values during organized sports lessons provides more effective control of their moral-volitional and moral sphere [6, 7, 10, 12].
One of the most important functions of physical culture and sport is a purposeful influence on children's and teen-agers' consciousness and behavior, formed under the influence of informational processes using TV, internet, radio, advertisement and other means. An active form of consciousness, structural elements of which provide social normative behavior of athletes perception, is in organic unity with emotional feelings, actions and interaction of people in the definite context. A powerful socially directed psychological influence of sport conditioned a special category of fans, for whom sport takes one of the main places in the system of other performances: variety shows, theatre performances and others. Social-psychological elements of sport, which are formed in the minds of teen-agers, in the opinion of V.K. Balsevich, 2007, L.D. Nazarenko, 2015, include the following:
- sport as the way of self-affirmation;
- sport as the means of health improvement, upbringing and self-upbringing; school of courage, training for the future professional activity;
- sport as an active way of life and activity.
The Olympic Charter reflects common to all mankind norms of athlete's behavior, demands unique ethic-moral norms of sports rivalry observance as specific model of people interaction. In social psychology it is mentioned that the role of sport considerably increases during free time (out of school activity), which conditions space existence for personality development. Being an effective form of active rest, sports activity provides
physical and psychic resources renewal; forms the need for knowledge enrichment in the sphere of physical culture and sport.
Systematic physical exercises provide physical readiness level increase, moral-volitional and moral qualities formation, an optimal volume of motor activity provision, which create conditions for health indices and social maturity improvement. All this helps to manage effectively the process of social personality development. The search for effective ways of teen-agers involvement into regular sports lessons, in order to prevent crimes, conditioned the following forms of agitation and propaganda of physical culture and sport means use:
- open educational-training combats conduct in different kinds of single combats, sports games and etc.;
- exhibition performances of the strongest combatants, boxers, gymnasts during school sports events and holidays;
- mutual performances organization of schoolchildren, who go in for sports, and qualified athletes.
For systematic boxing and different kinds of combat lessons all teen-agers at the age of 12-14, who wanted to train, were invited on condition that they will combine study and trainings and have good results in all subjects. For pupils, who were not making satisfactory progress, the definite time-frame for bad marks and poor behavior correction were set.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
We created the methodology of combat sports organization for 12-14 year-old teen-agers three times a week with 2 hours duration. The distinctive feature of these lessons was their direction to the definite aim achievement during the definite time period with orientation to motivation, physical readiness level, individual interests, abilities and needs. The emphasis was placed on the belief formation, that in case of the definite desire, persistence, diligence each person, who trains, can achieve the set aim realization.
For the effectiveness check of the offered by us methodology a pedagogical experiment was held. 64 teen-agers took part in the experiment. The control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) were created, each group included 32 people. Before the pedagogical experiment the test was held in order to reveal the level of physical readiness. For this purpose the following tests were used: 30 meters running (seconds), standing long jump (cm), pull-up from hanging position (quantity), stuffed ball (1kg) throwing with the right and the left hand (cm), straight legs lifting from dorsal position till touching the floor over the head (quantity). The received results handling didn't reveal considerable differences according to the level of physical readiness among teen-agers from the CG and the EG (p>0,05). Moreover, the following parameters of educational activity were estimated: progress in studies (grade point average), behavior at school (without absence with no good reason, no discipline violation), attitude to social tasks (the average grade was given). The research material analysis also didn't reveal the differences according to these indices among the teen-agers from the CG and the EG (p>0,05).
In the CG educational-training lessons were held according to generally adopted methodology in accordance with the model program, recommended by Physical Culture and Sport Federal Agency. In the EG attention was paid to individual interests, needs, demands revelation. A lot of time was given to moral-volitional and moral qualities upbringing; to spiritual development. In the EG during the first training teen-agers and a trainer together chose "code of a boxer", the content of which included the rules of behavior at school, sports gym, street, at home and social transport for a teen-ager, who attends a sports club. The following things were created: the motto, emblem, ritual initiation into athletes (during one day trip to the forest near a camp fire). Training lessons were held alternately in a sports gym and with playing method predominance. During the
technique of the main defensive actions mastering in boxing, young athletes trained them, working in pairs with qualified boxers and it provided high motor density, individual approach, feedback, qualitative show, variativity of teaching.
Regular trips out of the town were held during Saturdays and Sundays, where general physical trainings were combined with the role explanation of natural powers in sports training of boxers, for an effective rehabilitation after a muscular load, for quenching, immunity increase, spiritual health improvement, correct interactions with environment setting. Every week military games with the elements of boxing were held: with the studied attacking actions, mastering of which in an unknown place and with different opponents provided several variants of each mastered technique use. New plots of the games, the content of which considerably changes owing to different details use, demanding the definite level of the leading motor co-ordinations development: dexterity, accuracy, balance and others - were the ways of physical readiness level dynamics revelation.
A person's life, as it is known, is submitted to biological rhythm, which conditions increase and decreased working capacity alternation, mental and motor activity activation and slow down. Knowing this regularity conditions the choice of an optimal time for playing activity organization, taking into account psycho-emotional state of teen-agers and their readiness for motor and intellectual problems solution. The unity of biological and social, psychic and physical determines the approaches to the character of muscular load choice, which helps to develop the structure of man's body; general culture and culture of movements upbringing; the ability formation to set rational interrelations with people around, reveal the ways of own character correction; form social behavior and habits.
After the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to reveal the character of physical readiness indices
changes among teen-agers from the CG and the EG. The received results showed that the improvement was in both groups: CG and EG, however in the EG the increase was more considerable. In the CG standing long jump indices had 7,8% improvement, in the EG 16,1% improvement, (p <0,05); the results in stuffed ball throwing with the right hand in the CG increased to 8,3%; with the left hand -to 6,9%; in the EG: with the right hand -to 19,2%; with the left - to 16,7%. The same tendency of more considerable indices improvement in the experimental group was revealed according to other control exercises.
Educational activity parameters change in the CG and the EG had the following character: grade point average in the CG increased from 3,1±0,14 to 3,3±0,18 points; in the EG from 3,0±0,18 to 3,7±0,26 points; the mark for behavior at school improved in the CG from 3,4±0,21 to 3,5±0,18 points; in the EG from 3,2±0,16 to 3,8±0,20 points. The mark for social tasks fulfillment in the CG increased from 3,0±0,13 to 3,2±0,19 points; in EG - from 3,1±0,14 to 3,7±0,17 points.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment show that a creative, directed use of physical culture and sport means, taking into account the interests, needs, abilities of teen-agers, helps to increase the effectiveness of the upbringing influence in accordance with the set objectives. Educational-forming sphere, which provides effectiveness of creative interaction process between a teacher and teen-agers on the basis of new effective forms of physical exercises use in their different combinations with the natural powers of nature has a positive influence on schoolchildren's worldview formation, their behavior, the character of interaction with people around. Physical culture and sport values are very attractive and their use helps to realize developing and transforming functions. It provides successful prevention of crimes, aggression and intolerance towards people. Psychological-pedagogical
atmosphere organization and creation in order
to realize the upbringing influence on teenagers should be important for state and society.
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Author's information:
Edyshev D.S. — Senior Teacher, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov", 432700, Russia, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: avnokn@mail.ru Nazarenko O.S. — Candidate of Pedagogics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov", 432700, Russia, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: ld_nazarenko@mail.ru
Valkina O.N. - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov", 432700, Russia, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: ld_nazarenko@mail.ru
DOI 10.14526/02_2018_319
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCESTORS TRADITIONS FOR THE YAKUT SPORTS
GLORY
* * 1 2 Kim-Kimen A. N. , Kuznetsova Z.M.
1 Association «Sahaad-sport»
Russia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Yakutsk
2Ulyanovsk state pedagogical University Named After I. N. Ulyanov
Russia, Ulyanovsk, kzm_diss@mail.ru
Annotation. This year, when we celebrate the 385th anniversary of the Yakutia entry into the Russian state, the 95th anniversary of the Republic of Yakutia formation and the 25th anniversary of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Constitution (Basic Law), is particularly significant. We value all our achievements and keep in the heart of the centuries-old friendship of peoples, as well as interested in the further development of physical culture and sports, including national sports. Materials. It is very important to realize that this article is dedicated to the anniversary of the twentieth Olympics in national sports "games of manchaara", which is the largest sporting event of this year and is popularly referred to as the "Yakut Olympics", as well as the 25th anniversary national sports and games Association peoples of Yakutia "Sahaada-sport". Methods. The generalization and analysis of scientific and methodical literature. Results. We are proud that the
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