CC BY
6
UDC 796.922 DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-4-60-64
The system of training elite cross-country racers while getting ready for the
Olympic Games 2022 (PRC, Beijing)
Aleksey G. Batalov*, Marina E. Burdina, Anna A. Khitrova
Russian University of Sport "SCOLIPC" Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-0497-3160, alex-batalov@yandex.ru* ORCID: 0000-0002-4789-5505, marina-burdina@yandex.ru ORCID: 0000-0002-0713-5894, feshenko.ann@list.ru
Abstract: The article is connected with the model characteristics (parameters) revelation of effective individualized competitions systems among the winners of the Olympic Games (OG) 2022 in cross-country skiing. Materials. Studying competitive practice of elite skiers in World Cup (WC) starts 2021/22 and the results of the Olympic Games in cross-country skiing 2022 in Beijing (PRC). Research methods: Information sources analysis and summarizing, competitions protocols of the official calendar of the World Cup (WC) 2021/22 and the official records of the Olympic Games results in cross-country skiing 2022 analysis, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. As results of the research we revealed the main characteristics of competitions systems among the winners of OG-2022 in individual disciplines of cross-country skiing among men and women. We defined the individualized model parameters of the effective competitions systems, conditioned by competitive specialization: there are three of them - marked sprinting (Sundling J., Sweden), distant (Johaug T., Norway, Niskanen I., Finland) and universal (Bolshunov A., Russia, Klaebo J., Norway). We also defined the failure of Russian male and female teams in terms of sports-technical result of the winners in individual races. The failure of the individual sprint participants in the qualifying round among men was 2,68%, among women - 6,97%, in skiathlon- 6,09% and 4,7%, in the race with the separate start - 3,27% and 3,65%, in massstart race (marathon) - 0,33% and 4,79%. Conclusion. Competitions systems organization during the period of training for OG-2022 among the winners in the individual disciplines of cross-country skiing can be considered as effective individualized models of training for the main International starts.
Keywords: cross-country skiing, system of competitions, WC starts, the Olympic Games 2022, sports-technical results, model characteristics.
For citation: Aleksey G. Batalov*, Marina E. Burdina, Anna A. Khitrova. The system of training elite cross-country racers while getting ready for the Olympic Games 2022 (PRC, Beijing). Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2022; 17(4): 53-56. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-4-60-64.
Introduction
In the theory of sport the problem of forming effective individualized competitions systems takes one of the central places [1, 7, 8, 10, 11, i2].One of the methodological directions of the problem solution connected with preparatory-competitive activity optimization during the stage of an athlete's maximal abilities realization is model- purpose-oriented approach to the macrocycle organization during the period of getting ready for the main competitions [1, 11]. In terms of such an approach planned for the oncoming macrocycle athlete's individual system of competitions gains a purposeful character and is considered as the demanded condition for a gradual formation of an athlete's readiness for the aim realization. It means an athlete should gain the "top of one's sport fitness" and achieve an individual maximal result in the main competitions of the
sport season. The main objectives of the research are connected with the model parameters revelation of effective individualized competitions systems, realized by the winners of the Olympic Games 2022 in the individual disciplines of cross-country skiing.
Materials and methods
Special attention is paid to studying quantitative and qualitative characteristics of elite cross-country racers' competitive practice at the stages of the World Cup (WC) of sport season 2021/22 during the period of training for the OG-2022. The starts at the stages of WC till the starts of the OG-2022 belong to the category of important competitions and have high level of effective influence on maximal level of integrative readiness formation by the moment of the main starts. Moreover, the starts at the stages of WC give a unique opportunity to gain the experience
of competitive activity in terms of a real rivalry with the participants. They are included into the international elite of cross-country skiing [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 13].
Actual material of the research was received on the basis of competitive practice analysis during the period of training for the OG-2022 and sportstechnical results estimation among the winners of the Olympic Games in the individual disciplines of cross-country skiing. Moreover, we calculated the indices of failure volume among the participants of the Russia national team in relation to the winners. The main information and documentary source were the materials of an official FIS site. We handled 44 records, 280 individual results of the competitions.
Results and discussion
The table presents the characteristics of competitive practice, realized by the winners of the OG-2022 in the individual disciplines of crosscountry skiing. The amount of starts of triple champion of the Games Johaug T. at the stages of WC during the period of training for the OG-2022 (skiathlon 15 km, 10 km, 30 km) was the following: 5 (31,2%), she didn't take part in sprint competitions. By the beginning of the Olympiad she had the 2nd current distant rating of WC. Winner of sprint Sundling J. had 2 starts (12,5%) and only in the disciplines of sprint- 18.12.2021 - SP 1,3 km F (the 1st place) and 19.12.2021 - TS 1,3 km F (the 2nd place), by the beginning of the Olympiad she had the 11th current sprint rating.
It should be also noted that the Olympic
champions didn't take part in multiday stage of WC (6 races within 8 days) Tour de Ski. Thus, their systems of competitions had integral specialized character, conditioned by competitive specialization (table).
Triple champion of the Games Bolshunov A. (skiathlon-30 km, relay-race, 50 km*) had 15 (93,7%) starts at the stages of WC, in the current distant rating he took the 1st place. Bolshunov A. is the world leader of cross-country skiing, the winner of WC 2020/21. During the period of training for the Olympiad his system of competitions had absolutely universal character (table).
Twice champion of the Olympiad Klaebo J. in the disciplines of sprint (individual and team sprint) had 13 (81,2%) starts of WC, before the beginning of the Olympic Games in the current sprint rating he took the 1st place and in distant -the 2nd place. Thus, his system of competitions also had a universal character. It helped him to win WC-2021/22 in overall standings. The winner of 15 km race with the separate start Niskanen I. took part in 8 (50%) starts of WC and his system of competitions in general is specialized in terms of competitive discipline 15 km classic style (three podiums out of 8 starts). In current distant rating he took the 6th place (table). We defined individualized model parameters of the effective competitions systems, conditioned by competitive specialization: there are three of them -marked sprinting (Sundling J.), distant (Johaug T., Niskanen I.) and universal (Bolshunov A., Klaebo J.).
№ 2
B
7 5 5 4
3
2 1 o
women
men
1 women 1 men
Sprint, F
6,97 2.6B
Fig. Comparative indices of the loss to the winners
Racewth
Skiahlon the separate Marathon, F
stJt.C |_
3,65 4,79
3,27 0,33
in individual disciplines of cross-country skiing
4,7 6,09
during OG-2022 by male and female teams of Russia
Table 1
The systems of competitions, realized in the format of World Cups 2021/22 by the winners of the Olympic Games 2022 in individual disciplines of cross-country skiing
Surname rl'iii atliLlc [Î-.'l:|lUn'.'-, A. KlacboJ. ^'iskaruiD [. Joliauc T. SuniLlinc J.
(RLS> (NOB> (F1NJ iNORh iSWE}
llllc DckJijil inc. n?£va.iivnicv?. Pluct
2(i.l 1.21 SE1 1,4-1 A kmC 17 2
2?.l 1.21 15 1 ft Vm C J 1 n
2«. 11.21 Put 15 Id Lui F 1 1
□3.1221 SE1 l.fvljfi km E" 1 1
OJ.I2.2I 15 10 km F 14 12 f
05.12.21 RclavracT C P 1 111 3
11.1221 SE1 1,5:1-5 km F 1
12.1221 15 10 km F 12 2 1
lg.1221 SE1 1,3 '1J km F 31 2
IS.I22L TSP1.3 L.3 Vm F 1 ]
TuurilrSki
31.122] SE1 1,3:1 J km F 17 1 40
23.12.21 15 1 ft Vm C 2 i 1
31.1221 15 1 ft Vm F Mxl 2 1 2D _ ...
Û3.ÛL2: SE1 1.5 1.2 kmC 7 1 2D
D3JJ122 15 IftVmCMsl 5 1 2
04.DL22 Final Climb 1(1 1 ft Vm F Mxl 7 5 L2 ... —
Cnrrcni ruti/iq HT 2621/72 till OG.12
Uprmt 2 1 4 11
Dmtam 1 2 6 n
(ïcncrai 12 1 53 13 32
ftnitfrOlTm pic Gurnet iPRC, Berjinul
Hiiothlun 3(1 ISVmCT 1 4(1 3 ]
tprinl 1.5 VmF 1 1
Rjo; 1? 1(1 Lm C 2 3 1 ]
Rda\ ibeê C lr 1 2 f> 5 3
T« :orini 1.5 1,5 Vm C 3 1 f 2
1M 3D ken r HU.1Ï Jlart 1 DNF ] 4
Estimating sports-technical results of the Russian male team individual races in terms of the winners' results, we can underline the following regularities. The less failure of our team members was registered in 28,4 km (marathon) free style race with massstart by Bolshunov A. with the result 1:11.32,7 and was 14,1±10,7 s (0,33%). In 15 km classical style race with the separate start our participants lost (the winner of the race Niskanen I.) with the result 37.54,8 in the average 74,4±42,6 s (3,27%). It means that during each km of the distance athletes in the average lost 4,9 s in terms of the race winner. In skiathlon the greatest loss was registered among the participants of our team in terms of the race winner by Bolshunov A. with the result 1:16.09,8, in the average 278^232,4 s (6,09%). Qualifying round of sprint won Chanavat L. (France) - 2.45,03, the average loss of our team was 4,41±2,54 s (2,68%) (picture).
The failure of our team in relation to the result of triple champion of the Olympic Games Johaug T. in skiathlon discipline was in the average 124,7±96,6 s (4,7%), in 10 km separate start free style race -61,5±23,1 s (3,65%). It means that during each km
of the distance female athletes in the average lost 6,1 s., in 30 km classical style race the average loss of the team was 243,8±125,8o s (4,79%).
The greatest loss was registered in qualifying round of sprint, in the average it was 13,i8±5,34s (6,97%) (picture). The best result in individual disciplines was presented by Nepryaeva N. - the 4th place in 10 km classical style race with the loss to the winner Johaug T. (NOR) (28.06,3) 31,6 s.
Team loss of the male team of Russia in terms of the winners in individual disciplines is less significant, than in female team, except for skiathlon (picture).
Conclusion
The received results prove that the system of competitions, realized in terms of the important WC starts 2021/22 by the winners of the OG-2022, can be considered as a possible model of training for the main international starts, including the oncoming World Championship-2023.
In our opinion, the training-competitive strategy of our team should be based on the principle of "profile" training taking into consideration the
chosen oncoming individual target competitive activity.
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Submitted: 20.11.2022 Author's information:
Aleksey G. Batalov - Candidate of Pedagogics, Professor, Russian University of Sport "SCOLIPC", 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyi blvd., House 4, e-mail: alex-batalov@yandex.ru Marina E. Burdina - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Russian University of Sport "SCOLIPC", 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyi blvd., House 4, e-mail: marina-burdina@yandex.ru Anna A. Khitrova - Lecturer, Russian University of Sport "SCOLIPC", 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyi blvd., House 4, e-mail: feshenko.ann@list.ru
