CC BY
6
DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-34-38
Competitions systems of elite female racing skiers during the preparatory
period for World Championship 2019
Alena S. Danilova*, Aleksey G. Batalov, Marina E. Burdina
Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (State Central Lenin Order
Institute of Physical Culture SCLOIPC) Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-9246-6542, av0lina200Q@mail.ru* ORCID: 0000-0003-0497-3160, alex-batalov@yandex.ru ORCID: 0000-0002-4789-5505, marina-burdina@yandex.ru
Abstract: In order to win gold medal during the main international competitions (Olympic Games, World Championship) it is necessary to have not only outstanding abilities and a long-term training process, but also timely achieve the top of the fitness level. One of the factors of sports fitness development control and its top level achievement during the main competitions organization is an athlete's rational individual competitive practice provision. In this connection it is interesting to analyze the systems of competitions among elite female racing skiers in pre-target macro cycle during training for the starts at World Championship-2019. Materials. Competitive practice of elite female racing skiers, winners and prizewinners of World Championship-2019 study (comparison). Research methods. Scientific sources analysis and summarizing, score sheets analysis, modeling, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. As a result of the research we revealed the main model characteristics of the competitions systems of Norwegian female athletes - T. Johaug, I. Oestberg and the representative of a national team of Russia N. Nepryaeva. The systems of competitions analysis helped to define several regularities. They provide high effectiveness during the main competitions: the amount of competitions and starts series, held during pre-target macro cycle before the main races of a season; target competitive activity, sports specialization presence; non-forced, gradual training, characterized by a stable or the increasing competitive effectiveness; the stage of a direct training with duration till 34-40 days. Conclusion. The created model characteristics can be used in the training and competitive programs projection and realization during the preparatory period for the main international starts training at the stage of maximal sports achievements realization. Keywords: competitive practice, system of competitions, elite female racing skiers, model characteristics.
For citation: Alena S. Danilova*, Aleksey G. Batalov, Marina E. Burdina. Competitions systems of elite female racing skiers during the preparatory period for World Championship 2019. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1): 28-31. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-34-38.
INTRODUCTION
In order to win gold medal during the main international competitions (Olympic Games, World Championship) it is necessary to have not only outstanding abilities and a long-term training process, but also timely achieve the top of the fitness level [4]. One of sports fitness development control factors and its top level achievement during the main competitions organization is an athlete's rational individual competitive practice provision [1, 2, 3]. In this connection it is interesting to analyze the systems of competitions in elite female racing skiers in pre-target macro cycle during training for the starts at World Championship-2019 [5,6,7].
The aim of the research is to create the model characteristics of effective systems of competitions, realized by elite female racing skiers during the period of training for the main international competitions.
The main objectives of the research are connected with the characteristics of the competitions systems among elite female racing skiers T. Johaug, I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva during the training period for World Championship 2019. On the basis of the received results we realized the main model characteristics of effective competitions systems creation during the period of training for the main international starts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Actual research material was received on the basis of competitive practice analysis of three-time champion of WCh 2019 Norwegian female athlete T. Johaug in distant races (10 km Q skiathlon, 30 km Q silver medalist in relay race; universal athlete of the Norway I national team. Oestberg- multiple silver and bronze champion of WCh 2019 and the representative of Russian team N. Nepryaeva -bronze medalist in relay and skiathlon (table 2). We handled 36 protocols, 108 individual results of
Table 1 - Ranking competitive activity of T. Johaug training for WCh-2019
competitions. During protocols analysis we studied quantitative and qualitative characteristics of competition practice of elite female racing skiers. The main information source was the official website FIS.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 presents rating estimation of athletes' competitive activity as a result of taking part in World Cup (WC) 2018/2019 and the amount of starts at the stages of WC till the beginning of the main competitions of WCh-2019. I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva during the period of
Indices: World rating before WCh-2019, amount of starts at the stages of WC till WCh-2019 Season 2018-2019 (training for WCh 2019, Seefeld, Austria)
T. Johaug I. Oestberg N. Nepryaeva
Distance rating 2 1 3
Sprint rating --- 20 6
General rating 4 1 2
General amount of starts (WC starts + Tour de Ski) 10 19 (12+7) 20 (13+7)
% from general amount of starts (26) 38,4 % 73 % 76,9%
The results presented in table 1 show the difference in the indices during training for WCh 2019. T. Johaug took part in 10 (38,4%) from 26 starts of WC till the beginning of WCh. N. Nepryaeva and I. Oestberg took part in 20 (76,9%) and 19 (73%) starts.
System of competitions of T. Johaug included two series of starts (table 2). The first series included 7 starts during the following period: since November, 24, 2018 till December, 16, 2018 (23 days). During this period she won 6 distance races. Then Norwegian athlete didn't take part in multi-tour competition Tour de Ski (7 starts within 9 days), which lasted since December, 29, 2018 till January,6, 2019 and it obviously let T. Johaug create less intensive schedule of taking part in important
WC starts. At the stage of a direct training an athlete realized the second series of WC competitions. They included 3 starts during 7 days within the following period: since January, 20 till January, 27, 2019. It is obvious that training was based according to the principle of competitive specialization, at the same time the average effectiveness according to the taken places in distance races - 1. World rating before the beginning of WCh-2019 proves its propensity for distance races - the 2nd place (table 2).
Table 2 - Systems of competitions, realized by T. Johaug, I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva during the period of training for WCh 2019
WC competitions 2018/19 and WCh 2019 T. Johaug I. Oestberg N. Nepryaeva
№ Date Discipline, km Points (place) Points /place Points /place
Period I
1 24.11.18 Sprint 1,4 km C 5 (26) 29 (9)
2 25.11.18 10 km C 100 (1) 50 (4) 36 (7)
3 30.11.18 Sprint 1,3 km F (33) 24 (11) 11 (20)
4 01.12.18 10 km F 50 (1) 40 (4) 15 (16)
5 02.12.18 Pursuit 10 km C 50 (1) 46 (2) 32 (7)
6 08.12.18 15 km F 100 (1) 60 (3) 36 (7)
7 09.12.18 Relay 4x5 km (1) (1) (4)
8 15.12.18 Sprint 1,5 km F 26 (10) 50 (4)
9 16.12.18 10 km F 100 (1) 80 (2) 29 (9)
Period II
10 29.12.18 Sprint 1,3 km F 15 (16) 30 (8)
11 30.12.18 10 km F 46 (2) 50 (1)
12 01.01.19 Sprint 1,4 km F 40 (4) 15 (16)
13 02.01.19 10 km C ms 50 (1) 46 (2)
14 03.01.19 Pursuit 10 km F 50 (1) 46 (2)
15 05.01.19 10 km C ms 50 (1) 46 (2)
16 06.01.19 Pursuit 9 km F (Final mountain) 50 (1) 26 (10)
Period III
17 12.01.19 Sprint 1,6 km F
18 13.01.19 Team sprint F
19 19.01.19 Sprint 1,3 km C 80 (2)
20 20.01.19 10 km C 100 (1) 45 (5) 60 (3)
21 26.01.19 10 km F 100 (1) 40 (6) 36 (7)
22 27.01.19 Relay 4x5 km (1) (1) (4)
Period IV
23 09.02.19 Sprint 1,4 km F
24 10.02.19 Team sprint C
25 16.02.19 Sprint 1,6 km F
26 17.02.19 10 km C
World Championship 2019 (Seefeld, Austria)
27 21.02.19 Sprint 1,6 km F 9
28 23.02.19 Skiathlon 15 km 1 2 3
29 24.02.19 Team sprint 3 4
30 26.02.19 10 km C 1 3 7
31 28.02.19 Relay 4x5 km 2 2 3
32 02.03.19 30 km C ms 1 2
System of competitions of I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva is created according to the principle of maximal participation at the stages of WC. During the first period, at the stage of early starts, female athletes took part in 10 starts since November, 24, 2018 till December, 16, 2018 (23 days)-results are presented in table 2. During the second period female athletes took part in multi-tour race Tour de Ski - 2019 (7 starts within 9 days), which lasted since December, 29, 2018 till January, 6, 2019, during
which the following results were demonstrated: I. Oestberg took the 1st place, she won 4 races of 7, N. Nepryaeva took the 2nd place. At the stage of direct training for the main starts of WCh 2019, after Tour de Ski in the III and the IV periods of WC they took part in 2 starts of 5 (N. Nepryaeva had 4 races, I. Oestberg- 3 races). Moreover, an individual calendar of both athletes competitions proves their universal training and competitive orientation. We can suppose that it didn't let female athletes win
gold medals of WCh in Austrian Seefeld.
Studying the systems of competitions, realized by elite racing skiers of the national teams of Norway and Russia- T. Johaug, I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva during the period of their training for WCh 2019, helped to reveal the definite range of parameters. They provide high effectiveness at the main competitions:
1. During WCh an individual preparatory-competitive activity of athletes should have target character relative to the time-periods and content of the main competitions.
2. Systems of competitions of T. Johaug, I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva are based on 2-3 series of starts at the stages of WC. It provides athletes an optimal combination of competitive activity with the periods for a complete rehabilitation and the ability to fulfill sufficient volume of the training load, necessary for the training before the main starts and for the training level top achievement during the main competitions.
3. The amount of starts at the stages of WC during the period of training for WCh was the following: T. Johaug -38,4±3,85% (an optimal amount of starts), I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva in the average -73%.
4. The evidence of non-forced target training is the increasing, close to stable dynamics of competitive effectiveness at the stages of WC.
5. Competitive specialization, based on strong characteristics development, including the athlete's biological factors of talent, provides maximal competitive effectiveness. This tendency is proved by phenomenal results of T. Johaug - a multiple world champion. Competitive universalism of I. Oestberg and N. Nepryaeva, in our opinion, at a present stage of ski race and sport development, can't resist competitive specialization in champion title achievement. It is proved by the results of WC 2019.
6. Taking part in a multiday race TOUR DE SKI in case of commercial component of the season preference. However, in case of target training for the main competition of the season realization it is not rational to take part in a multiday race TOUR DE SKI, because of high density of starts (7 starts within 9 days), often change of race places and the difficulty of routes relief.
7. The stage of a direct training for the starts of WCh-2019 is characterized by considerable decrease or the absence of starts at the stages of WC, its duration is 34-40 days.
REFERENCES
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Author's information:
Alena S. Danilova - Post-Graduate, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (State Central Lenin Order Institute of Physical Culture SCLOIPC), 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyj blv., House 4, e-mail: avolina200Q@mail.ru
Aleksey G. Batalov - Candidate of Pedagogics, Professor, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (State Central Lenin Order Institute of Physical Culture SCLOIPC), 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyj blv., House 4, e-mail: alex-batalov@yandex.ru
Marina E. Burdina - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (State Central Lenin Order Institute of Physical Culture SCLOIPC), 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyj blv., House 4, e-mail: marina-burdina@yandex.ru
