CC BY
104
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-4-31-37
Technique and tactics of competitive activity in classical skiing sprint during the XXIIIrd Olympic games 2018 (OG-2018)
Aleksey G. Batalov, Marina E. Burdina, Anzhelika V. Lunina*, Andrej V.
Shchukin
Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-0497-3160, alex-batalov@yandex.ru ORCID: 0000-00002-4789-5505, marina-burdina@yandex.ru ORCID: 0000-0002-9973-6039, a.v.lunina@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-9728-6249, skierlikeandre@gmail.com
Abstract: Further professional sport development is connected with many-sided analysis of competitive activity, demonstrated by the leaders-winners and prizewinners of the most important International competitions - the Olympic Games (OG) and World Championships (WC). It helps to see the tendencies of competitive activity development and realize effective training programs projection. Materials. Competitive activity technique and tactics characteristic in classical skiing sprint during the OG-2018. Research methods. Information sources analysis, rout relief, scoresheets analysis, video analysis using Coachs eye+ program, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Overcoming the climb with the alternating two-step classical walk using "ski race" technique provides great movements frequency and speed increase at this stages of the rout. The key point of the competition is "breaking off" tactics use during the second distance rise. The tactics of leading in terms of great competition between finalists is not optimal. Conclusion. Prizewinners' technique-tactical actions analysis in classical sprint during the OG-2018 helped to reveal modern tendencies, which provide effective competitive activity, can be used during training and competitive programs realization and projection among highly-qualified skiers-sprinters.
Keywords: the Olympic Games, skiing sprint, technique, tactics, skiers-sprinters of the World elite.
For citation: Aleksey G. Batalov, Marina E. Burdina, Anzhelika V. Lunina*, Andrej V. Shchukin. Technique and tactics of competitive activity in classical skiing sprint during the XXIIIrd Olympic games 2018 (OG-2018). The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2018; 13 (4): 28-34. DOI 10.14526/20704798-2018-13-4-31-37
Introduction
Further professional sport development is connected with many-sided analysis of competitive activity, demonstrated by the leaders-winners and prizewinners of the most important International competitions - the Olympic Games (OG) and World Championships (WC). It helps to see the tendencies of competitive activity development and realize effective training programs projection.
Including the disciplines of an individual and team sprint in ski races into the programs of World Championships and the Olympic Games can be estimated as the most successful project of FIS and OWG within the last ten years of winter kinds of skiing development. It is proved by the popularity of these competitions among athletes, audience and founders. Modern skiing sprint includes the following: tournament endurance, the final stage of skiing sprint dynamism, maximum speed of running, contact struggle, efficiency of technical-tactical decisions making, maximum functional tension of an athlete's organism[1,2,3,9,11].
At the same time, there is a kind of modern data deficiency in the theory and methodology of ski race. This deficiency concerns not only highly-qualified athletes' training process content, but also competitive activity peculiarities in sprint.
The aim of the research is the technique and tactics of competitive activity characteristics in classical skiing sprint during the OG-2018.
The main objective of the research is connected with comparative characteristics of technical-
tactical actions of Johannes Klebo (Norway) and bronze medallist Alexander Bolshunov (Russia) in classical sprint at the final stage of competitions during the OG-2018.
Materials and Methods
Rout relief, scoresheets analysis, video analysis using Coachs eye+ program helped to get information about the technique and tactics of competitive struggle organization by the athletes at different parts of the distance - starting part, the first and the second climbs, finish track (picture 1).
t no;: -Country Slang
14km Sprint
Mscnpwmof CQunJt
Category Q rtghtDrffrrenieGB} 27 m
1371m Mappn Onfe (№ 35m
Competiticfi Lewi OWS f OKU CVUS ao Sim
Picture 1 - Rout profile of skiing spring of the OG-2018
Results and Discussion
J. Klebo and A. Bolshunov during all final races used only synchronous no-step and two-step classical running. J. Klebo has insignificant tendency of synchronous no-step running time decrease from quarterfinal (1 minute 26 seconds) till final (1 minute 24 seconds) races (picture 2). Bronze medallist A. Bolshunov has the tendency of time increase of this running use in quarterfinal- 1 minute 21 seconds, in the final- 1 minute 29 seconds. Synchronous no-step running is mainly used at relatively flat parts of the distance - start, finish and others (picture 1).
The time of alternating two-step classical running use among J.Klebo and A.Bolshunov differs only in quarterfinal race, in semifinal and final races it is similar: 57 and 56 seconds (picture 3).
The time of synchronous no-step running use is 33% higher than alternating two-step running use. On the one hand, it is conditioned by the peculiarities of the rout relief, on the other hand, by high effectiveness of synchronous no-step running use.
1:29 m i 1:26 0 CJ m 1 1:23 1 2 1:20 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1
-, 7 y =-0,0007* + 0,0604 jf 1 1 vp^ R2 = 1 : : jy
^ 1 j jfy^— 1 As — A
y R2 - r---- --- --- :028x+ 0,0576 1
quarterfinal semifinal final
♦ J.Klebo 1:26 1:25 1:24
+A. Bolshunov 1:21 1:23 1:29
Picture 2 - The time period of synchronous no-step classical running use in final races of sprint
In the final race at a starting part typical differences in technical-tactical actions of J. Klebo and A. Bolshunov were received (picture 1). At this part of the distance A. Bolshunov fulfilled 54 cycles in a synchronous no-step running, which is 9 cycles more than J. Klebo fulfilled. It is connected with the fact that A. Bolshunov started from the 5th starting track and the further turn had to be fulfilled to the left. That is why the athlete preferred the tactics of a quick start and a leading position during the first climb.
Picture 3 - Time period of alternating two-step classical running use in final races of sprint
During the first climb J. Klebo fulfilled 4 cycles of alternating two-step classical running more, than A. Bolshunov. Klebo used typical for him "cross country ski running" technique during 70% of the climb.
A. Bolshunov used a "traditional" variant of alternating two-step running during the first climb. The technique of J.Klebo "cross country ski running" differs from A.Bolshunov's technique, as the time of the phases fulfillment is considerably reduced owing to movements frequency, step length and the period of sliding decrease, owing to the fact, that during the running the angle of the swing-up leg in a knee-joint is lesser (picture 4). Lesser angle in J.Klebo's elbow joint and knee joint of the swing-up leg and also bigger angle in the support leg, in comparison with A.Bolshunov conditions shorter, but more frequent cycles of
alternating two-step classical running.
Table 1 - The number of the fulfilled cycles of ski steps at the compared parts of the distance in the final race of sprint among J.Klebo and A.Bolshunov
Skiing steps Synchronous no-step Alternating two-step
Part of the distance Starting Final The first climb The second climb
J. Klebo 45 41 36 45
A. Bolshunov 54 46 32 42
и Локтев он сустав и маховая нога s опорная нога
Picture 4 - Angle characteristics of alternating two-step classical running technique in the final race of sprint among J.Klebo and A.Bolshunov during the 1st climb
Локтевой сустав-elbow joint Маховая нога- swing-up leg Опорная нога-support leg Большунов-Bolshunov Клебо-Klebo
During the second climb angle characteristics in different joints and the number of the fulfilled cycles in comparison with the indices during the first climb changed (table 1, pictures 5, 6). The second climb, as a rule, is decisive one in determining the prizewinners of the final. Frequency of movements in comparison with frequency during the first climb considerably increased: J.Klebo -45 cycles, A.Bolshunov-42 cycles (table 1).
It should be noted that during the first climb and a slope J. Klebo was behind A.Bolshunov, then he chose the tactics of early finish and right after the slope ran away from A.Bolshunov and other competitors, using his strong point "cross country ski running". Pictures 5, 6 show that J.Klebo has smaller angle in
elbow and knee joints of the swing-up leg, than A.Bolshunov and it provides greater number of the fulfilled cycles. All these factors provided J.Klebo "go into the lead" at the end of the climb and in the zone of finish he was the first to finish.
Picture 5 - J.Klebo's angle characteristics of alternating two-step running in the final race of sprint during
the 2nd climb
Picture 6 - A. Bolshunov's angle characteristics of alternating two-step running in the final race of sprint during the 2nd climb
It should be noted that during the first climb and a slope J. Klebo was behind A.Bolshunov, then he chose the tactics of early finish and right after the slope ran away from A.Bolshunov and other competitors, using his strong point "cross country ski running". Pictures 5, 6 show that J.Klebo has smaller angle in elbow and knee joints of the swing-up leg, than A.Bolshunov and it provides greater number of the fulfilled cycles. All these factors provided J.Klebo "go into the lead" at the end of the climb and in the zone of finish he was the first to finish.
Conclusion
The main conclusions of the research are the following:
- using alternating two-step classical running during the climbs with "cross country ski running" technique provides increased movements frequency and gives an advantage in speed at this parts of the rout [5,6,7];
- the key point of the competition is "breaking off" tactics use during the second climb;
- the tactics of leading (A.Bolshunov has the greatest general time of leading at the distance) in terms of high level of competition among the finalists is not optimal [8,10];
- the winner of classical sprint J. Klebo used the tactics of following the leader with the stress on "a break off" during the second climb, during alternating two-step running fulfillment at the climbs he used "cross country ski running" technique, which is his strong point.
Classical sprint prizewinners' technical-tactical actions analysis during the OG-2018 helped to reveal modern tendencies, which provide effective competitive activity, can be used during training and competitive programs projection and realization among highly-qualified skiers-sprinters.
References
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Submitted: 04.11.2018
Aleksey G. Batalov - Candidate of Pedagogics, Professor, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow, Russia, Sirenevyj blv., House 4,105122, e-mail: alex-batalov@yandex.ru
Marina E. Burdina - Candidate of Pedagogics, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow, Russia, Sirenevyj blv., House 4, 105122, e-mail: marina-burdina@yandex.ru
Anzhelika V. Lunina* - Lecturer, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow, Russia, Sirenevyj blv., House 4,105122, e-mail: a.v.lunina@gmail.com* Andrej V. Shchukin - Undergraduate, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow, Russia, Sirenevyj blv., House 4,105122, e-mail: skierlikeandre@gmail.com
