CC BY
88
The role of holidays, traditions and art museum in learning karakalpak ethnography
Section 1. Study of art
Orinbetov Nietulla Turdimuratovich, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute assistant teacher,
the faculty of history. E-mail: [email protected]
The role of holidays, traditions and art museum in learning karakalpak ethnography
Abstract: Karakalpak nation has it’s own traditions which is different from other nation. In this article said about karakalpak holidays, traditions and art museum. It museum exhibit in learning karakalpak ethnograpy.
Keywords: National holidays, Ramadam Khait, Kurban Khait Navruz, Savitsky, Zoroastrian, Zhdanko, Avesta.
Every year Karakalpakstan celebrates different public holidays: 1st ofJanuary — New Year, 8th of March — International Women’s Day, 21st of March — Navruz, 9th of May — Memorial Day, 1st of September — Independence Day, 1st of October — Teacher’s Day. Also we celebrate two major Muslim holidays in Karakalpakistan. Ramadan Khait and Kurban Khait, are days off and are celebrated each year according to the lunar calendar. Kurban Khait holiday is celebrated after 70 days from Ramadan Khait. [1, 35, 99, 131,].
Holidays in Karakalpakstan have own history and its particular significance. Such holidays as Navruz, Eid-Al-Fitr and Eid-Al-Adha came from the ancient times, from Zoroastrianism and Islam traditions. Our people also widely celebrate international holidays: New Year, the most favorite and magic holiday around the world, and the International Women’s Day, devoted to wives, mothers, daughters and all beautiful women of the Earth.
Navruz is also one of the ancient traditional holidays which have been celebrated for centuries by the nations in Central Asia and Near East. Historical manuals show that it has been celebrated as a large holiday since the reign of Ah-moniys The nations of Central Asia considered that the first day of the year began on the 21 of March and the holiday was held on this day. Passing many centuries, the custom of celebrating the holiday changed according to the lifestyle of the nations. People presented sweets to each other’s during the holiday. Sweets were considered the symbol of life and people. That’s why in weddings and other ceremonies sweets were sent or given reciprocally.
In former times on the first day of Navruz children divided in to some groups and sang the song devoted to Navruz at the gates of houses. The owners congratulated them with the holiday and gave different gifts or foods them. Some part of gathered food were taken to poor people in the village [2, 94-100].
The 9th of May in Karakalpakstan is the Day of Memory. We memorize our ancestors who died in the past [1, 96-101].
The 1st of September, the Independence Day is the celebration of Independence of Uzbekistan. We celebrate this holiday widely every year.
Karakalpaks sewed yurts on Navruz holiday
The 1st of October, the Teacher’s Day is the celebration of respect of labor and wise patience of those, who put much efforts and precious knowledge to us. In fact, respect for a teacher has much deeper roots in our country.
The Karakalpak Art Museum (officially known as the Karakalpakstan State Museum of Art named after Igor Savitsky) contains the world’s finest collection of Karakalpak material culture dating from the first quarter of the 20th century. There is its unique collections of exhibits, this “museum in the desert”, as it is called by world well-known art experts, enjoys the public estimation far beyond the territory of Uzbekistan. But to see the vast collection which numbers nearly 90000 exhibits you should come to Nukus. The collection focuses primarily on women’s wedding and other ceremonial costumes and on yurt tent bands, piled rugs, storage bags and other yurt decorations.
3
Section 1. Study of art
However, the museum’s main claim to fame comes from its amazing collection of famous paintings rather than from its ethnographical materials. Both were collected by the museum’s extraordinary and much-loved founder, Igor Savitsky.
Igor Vitalyevich Savitsky was born in Kiev in 1915. His father was a lawyer and his grandfather a professor of Slavic studies. In the early 1920s his family moved to Moscow and the young Savitsky was encouraged to draw and to paint, going on to study at the «1905 School of Art». He was later sent to work in the studio of a well-known local artist, who happened to be a friend of the Zhdanko family. In Karakalpakstan Savitsky worked as an illustrator for some seven years, attached to the Institute of Ethnography at the Academy of Sciences in Nukus, sketching and drawing the monuments and finds excavated by the archaeologists. It was during this period that he developed his interest in the ethnography of the Karakalpaks being studied by Zh-danko and her team. He started to collect local Karakalpak folk art, visiting towns and villages throughout the delta. As his enthusiasm for local Karakalpak culture developed he decided to abandon his flat in central Moscow and to go and live permanently in Nukus. Having familiarized himself with amazing history and ancient culture of Karakalpakstan he took a great interest in ethnography and archeology, and Karakalpakstan became his second homeland.
In time he had assembled thousands of items representing every aspect of Karakalpak folk art: costume, jewellery, carpets, yurt decorations, wood carvings, horse trappings and domestic utensils.
The Museum was opened in 1966 and initially its collection was exhibited in seven small rooms. It was only 20 years later that a special building was constructed to accommodate the Museum. Today the exposition of the Museum consists of three parts: department of ancient and medieval art, which represents ancient culture of Khorezm — a state once located on the territory of Karakalpakstan, [3, 76] the department of
folk applied arts, and the department of fine arts. The museum department of ancient and medieval art displays archeological findings which tell us about the history of ancient Khorezm — the homeland of “Avesta” and the trade links of local people with antique world, unique terracotta statuettes of Zoroastrian Goddess of fertility Anakhit, ossuaries — the containers for holding the bones of the dead relatives (fire-worshippers’ tradition), various articles made of ceramic and bronze.
r
Karakalpak art museum
The foundation for the department of folk applied arts was the collection of items made by Karakalpak craftsmen. These items were collected during the expedition of Karakalpak branch of the Academy of sciences of Uzbekistan. Today the department of folk applied arts possesses a rich collection of national Karakalpak jewelry made of silver and cornelian, traditional hand-made carpets, embroidery and applique.The department of fine arts represents paintings and drawings collected by Igor Savitsky, art works donated to the Museum by noted artists of the country, and the paintings by Karakalpak artists.
At the present time this museum is our pride. The percentage of tourists who is coming to visit this museum is rising year by year. Nowadays there is building new two building which is part of this museum [3, 98].
References:
1. Karimov I. Joqari manawiyat-jen’ilmes ku’sh. - N.: Ma’naviyat, 2008.
2. Tlewmuratov M, Berdiev J, Tlewmuratova Qaraqalpaqstan tariyxi. - N.: Bilim, 2014.
3. Kamalov S, Saribaev Q, Karlibaev M, Saribaev M Qaraqalpaqstan tariyxi. - N.: Bilim, 2005.
Ponikarovska Nataliia Andriivna, Kharkiv State Academy of Culture Post-graduate, Department of Cultural Studies and Media-Communications
E-mail: [email protected]
People’s ideas of the covered dead as a sense-making factor of burial ritual in Ukraine. The past and the present
Abstract: The article deals with the people’s ideas of “the covered dead” (a person who died but has not found peace after death) as a sense-making factor of elements of traditional and modern burial ritual in Ukraine. Analyzing
4
