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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF NAMES BELONGING TO PEOPLE IN KARAKALPAK DASTANS Daniyarova Z.Zh. Email: [email protected]
Daniyarova Zamira Zhenisbaevna - Doctoral Candidate, KARAKALPAK HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KARAKALPAKSTAN BRANCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN, NUKUS, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article is devoted to the study of the linguistic and culturological meanings of common names in Karakalpak folklore. The author argues that they are carriers of information about the history, culture, life, psychology of the people.
In this article the discussed question is the present day status of the language, as well as the role of deep onomastic research into its folk art on the way of development, specitically, there is discussion about human names used in karakalpak folklore, which made a huge impact on centuries old traditions of name giving among karakalpak people. Keywords: linguoculturology, anthroponym, memory, folklore.
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ИМЕН ЛЮДЕЙ В КАРАКАЛПАКСКОМ ЭПОСЕ Даниярова З.Ж.
Даниярова Замира Женисбаевна — докторант (PhD), Каракалпакский научно-исследовательский институт гуманитарных наук,
Каракалпакское отделение Академия наук Республики Узбекистан, г. Нукус, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: статья посвящена изучению лингвокультурного анализа имен людей в каракалпакском фольклоре. Судя по объекту изучения лингвокультурологии она несколько близка к культуроведению и языкознанию. Но отличается объектом изучения исследования сущности. Объект занимается освещением культуры народа посредством языка, определением менталитета языка и принадлежностью к какой-либо нации. Приводятся рассуждения об антропонимах, считающихся лингвокультурными единицами, являющихся объектом данной сферы. Имена людей рассмотрены на основе примеров, свидетельствующих об истории, культуре, быте и психологии народа.
Ключевые слова: лингвокультурология, антропоним, памятник, фольклор.
UDC 413.13
Linguoculturology is a science which deals with the relation between language and culture, its formation and development [19, p. 12].
It is close to culturology and linguistics on learning object, but it can be distinguished by meaning and significance. The science deals with description of people's culture on language, determining language mentality and nationality.
In this research work we try to mind about antroponyms which are considered linguo-cultural unit.
In fact, it is possible to determine language history, customs and traditions, social lifestyle of a people through studying people's names. S.E. Kenjaeva, in her candidate's thesis, divides Uzbek names into three groups, such as devote names, define names and wish names [14, p. 17]. Professor T.Januzakov divides Kazakh names on lexico-semantical way into ten groups. O.Sayimbetov also divided Karakalpak people's names into three groups [21, p. 59]. There are many antroponyms on devote names in Karakalpak folklore. Memorative or devote names mean terms of a certain people's mind related to historical concepts and to give the names of honourable people in history to their children. This can be learned through the following statements:
1. Totem names. The use of totem names in people is one of the complex matters of linguoculturology. The origination of totemism among Turkic peoples is related to the formation of clan tribes. Ancient peoples believed different animals, birds, plants, writings and phenomenons as magic power and worshipped them. A.M. Zolotarev shows that 20 tribes of Siberian peoples worshipped such kind of animals, mainly bear, eagle, tiger, swan, goose, snake and bull.
According to S.P. Nesterov in ancient times, peoples of Central Asia worshipped the horse, ox, sheep, cow, eagle, wolf and they drew them on the stones [21, p. 65). E. Begmatov says: "Totem names which is related to wolf and plants are more typical to Turkic languages" [6, p. 8].
Such kind of names are used in Karakalpak folklore. For example, names related to animals: Jiydeli Baysin xalqinda, Qon'irat degen el edi, Ruwi edi irg'aqli,
Baybo'ri, Baysari degen eki ten'les bay bolip bular du'nyag'a keldi [1, p. 5]. (There was a country of Kungrat among Jiydeli Baysin peoples, two rich people called Bayburi and Baysari were born and grew up there).
In that the name "Bayburi" (in English bay - rich, buri - wolf) means the people of history believed the wolf as God and there are some legends about it. Although the word "wolf' is used in negative at present, those times it was believed as honourable defender of a human being. Wolfs had a great importance among the peoples who lived in the VI century. Atin' Qoblan bolsin dep,
Qulag'ina dem urdi [17, p. 405]. (They gave him a name Kublan).
In this example, Karakalpak name Kublan means from old Turkic language, tiger and from tungus-manchjur languages, bear. Jurt iyesi a'dalatli Sheri xan,
Atamnin' inisi edi bul sultan [3, p. 363]. (The head of the country Sheri xan was my father's brother)
Urgenish jurtinda ulli bes qala bar edi. Har qalasinin bir xani bar eken, onin en ulli xanina Eralixan dep at beredi eken. Jane birinde Nadir sultan dep at beredi eken. Ushinshisi Aralxan, tortinshisi Ayxanxan, besinshisi Jolbarisxan-bes xan sawbet etti [27, p. 29].
(In the land called Urgenish there were five towns. Each of the city had their khans, its great khan called as Eralikhan. Another one was Nadir Sultan. And third was Aralkhan , the forth was Aykhankhan and the lasy was Jolbariskhan - five kings had a discussion). Aqldi alsan jan dostim? Bul karadan ketersen? Arislan tuwgan qalaga? Ha demey-aq jetersen [16, p. 62]. (If you want a wise decision my best friend You should leave this city
And you will reach the city soon where the lion was born).
Leopard, lion and tiger are the example of strong, brave and wild animals. It is possible in an example above these names meant powerfulness, courage and justice . As expressed in the example these names meant the courage, bravery and fairness. As the poet Berdakh mentioned in this lines:
If you are once born be as a lion in order to serve and contribute to your society all the time. In this lyrics we can feel that being brave, powerful helped to educate for our forefather and relied on these kind of heros, courageous.
Martlikten bayladim belime pota, Shubardin piridur ya Jilqishi ata [4, p. 447]. (As I inspired by the courage Master of horses is the father Jilqishi)
From old days horse was the symbol of loyal friend which helped to reach remote locations and made their work easier. As demonstrated in the example the name of Jilqishi put trust in the strength of the horse. Moreover, th horse was considered as one of the seven treasure. There were all masters of each treasure in other words, the person who trained with any kind of these treasures, first of all they prayed for these treasures all of themselves and wished for their works well. Diyanati ozgelerden -musilman, Atlari Qabanbek, Kushikbay, Totan [7, p. 308]. (Honesties are Muslim Their names Kabanbek, Kushikbay,Totan)
Puppy is a pet animal which usually the offspring of the dog called as this name. This was also symbol of as loyal friend to human beings. Menlibaydan Berdialiy bar, Berdialiynin besh ugli bar, Xojamjar bilan Keliyar, Tuyebay batir bogan ekan [23, p. 216].
Berdialiy's father Menglibay, Berdialiy had five sons There were heros named Xojamjar, Keliwar and Tuyebay
Camel is a large animal with long neck and one or two humps which can tolerate without water for a month (Explanatory dictionary of Karakalpak language). We can meet reliefs related to camels. For instance some pregnanant women have problems associated with giving birth or time in this case people said that "They ate the meat of the camel and if they pass nder the camel twice times or draw the picture of the camel then springing on it made easier to give birth". Moreover, the people who is a little bit gullible person are have likeness as "dropped from the camel". The names related to birds:
Ane, Gargabay suwpi, «altin korse perishte joldan shigadi» degen, awel aytpasada, aytiwga endi hawalandi, altindi esitip baba qatti quwandi [20, p. 179] (Here, G'arg'abay suwpi as said "when angel sees the gold she loses her mind", hearing about gold the grandfather was glad).
The crow is one of the live longer birds. That's why this name was given for people in order to live longer [21, p. 56]. As illustrated in some poems, the crow was considered as the herald of unpleasant events [18, p. 87]. Bodenetay, Burqultay, Xan xizmetinde bolsa, Aqiri qarep der edi [8, p. 297].
(If Bodenetay, Burkultay serve to the khan, It ends bad).
A quail is a brown bird which is shot for sport and food it looks like to nightingale.
Sanmurin, Torgay, Tolibay,
Qaraqalpaqtin sardari eken [5, p. 143].
(Sanmurin , Torgay, Tolibay
Are the leaders of Karakalpak)
A lark is a bird that its body is covered with feather and it's small field bird [9, p.255].
Tagi boldi bir qizi,
Atin Qumiri qoyadi [15, p. 195].
(He has also one girl,
Her name is Kumiri).
Kumiri is a small songbird. Bird's terms are often used for girls to be beautiful, polite and delicate. Aqquwbay patsha Qaraqus penen urisip, bir kempir menen garrinin uyinin shanaragina kelip qonadi [10, p. 76] (The king Akkubay and Karakus argue with each other and landed the old man and woman's the top of the house).
These kind of names for example Akkuw is described as a kindness, and Karakus as a evil. Kunlerdin bir kunleri Baybori baydin hayali Jantilles bir ul,bir qiz tuwdi, ulinin atin Alpamis, al qizinin atin Qarligash Ayim qoydi [2, p.287]. (One day Baybo'ri's wife gave birth to a boy and a girl, his son's name was Alpamis and his daughter's name was Kharligash Ayim).
Swallow is a small,black and white,good flight bird and its tail and wing is long. In the figurative meaning it means that the swallows are a bird that first informs the news of something new. Indeed, our people have a strong belief in this bird. It is considered got be a symbol of goodness and spring messenger. So in every Karakalpak people's house their nest is always respected.
Throughout the centuries, our people have revered and respected various events and subjects. As a proof of our words, we can give examples of trees that one of the riches bestowed on us by nature. The names connected with trees:
Al patshalardin ishinde Badaxshanin xalqinin, Juldizshanin jurtinin, Emenshanin xalqinin, jilan patsha zaharinen qosip alsa shaharine, Shaxsulaymannan qagan taxti zerli qalani haywandi, inis penen jinisin, jeti ulkenin jurtini, Dalgenenin xalqini, shul ul menen shul qizdi etti iqlim yuzine patsha bolur dep edi [22, p.252].The oak is a solid black tree with many horned and large leaves. In the songs of Karakalpak poet I.Yu oak tree is described as a symbol of patience. Qaramannin algani, Nurpariy menen Aypariy [17, p. 408]. (Karaman takes, Nurpariy and Aypariy).
Karaman is a strong multi-year tree. People observe and believe that this tree is solid and lives a lot. Women who lost their children express their belief to this bird in "joklaw". For example: Karaman is a strong tree,
I thought that it wouldn't bent and the old man's six children wouldn't be separated. In this lines people are convinced that this tree is durable and robust.
2. Proper people names that mean religious conception, also appear by believing in sky bodies: This kind of names connected with Allah, god, the prophet and its sahabahs.
Tayshixan patshanin bir karwani bar edi. Karwan basshinin atin Abdulla deytugin edi Тайшыхан пагшаньщ бир кэруаны бар еди [2, p. 165] (The king Tayshixan had a caravan. The head of caravan was Abdulla).
Halimnan bolg'il xabardar [2, p. 213]. To'rtinshi aspanda Rasuli Iysa [13, p. 443]. Jigittin' pirisen' ha'zireti Dawit [1, p. 26].
The name Dawit is an assimilated word from Jewish language through Arabic languages, meaning favourite, beloved, loving.
Din musilman Muxammedtin' dini edi [1, p. 58].
Muxammed is the name of prophet, it means praiseworthy from Arabic language. Ma'datti bergeysen' xaliq etken jabbar, Abuba'kir, Omar, Ospan shahriyar [1, p. 115].
Names in example are all sacred, they have different meanings. For instance, the name Abubakir -Abu (father, brother), Bakir (researcher) from Arabic language.
Omar means living, from Azerbaijan languages. The name Osman has a meaning "brave" in Turkic language [21, p. 67]. Yaqiptin' uli Yusiptey, A'dil patsha qoy, - dedi [12, p. 271].
Name Yaqip is an assimilated word from Jewish language through Arabic, Iakov means follower, in Karakalpak language it is more close to the name Izbasar. [11, p. 155]. Yusip means by Iosif "to be more", that is close to the name Kobey, Kobeysin in Karakalpak language. Biri Axun baba qublayi ja'ha'n, Pirlerim ja'm bolip keldi, yaranlar [7, p. 307]. Axun is a word from tatar language, meaning God. Sen asqansan' qiya tawdin' qirini, Jilatpag'il Qatiyshaday yarin'di [24, p. 406].
In this example, the name Qatiysha means "early-born girl" from Arabic language (the first wife of prophet Muxammed)
All in all, during our research we have found the lexical-semantic meaning of special names and we have demonstrated it on the basis of our culture. So that we have proved that the names which are used in Karakalpak folklore informs us old names from history and they still have not lose their importance in our life. Besides this, other linguo-cultural names issues will be the subject matter of Karakalpak folklore.
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