CC BY
0THE ROLE OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP IN THE ACTIVITY OF
OWNER AMIR TEMUR
Urozov Shahobiddin Ziyadullayevich
Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service e-mail: orozov.1973@mail.ru
Annotation. In this article, the purpose of the study is to identify the role of charismatic leadership based on rationality in the social activities of Sahibkiron Amir Temur, its uniqueness and significance in the modern period of reforms.
Key words: Sahibkiran, Amir Timur, social activity, rationality, charisma, leadership, Central Asia, politics, political instability, leadership, state, power, minister, soldier, Zafarname, Samarkand, stability, development.
Introduction. In world science, fundamental research is being carried out on the effective use of the advanced ideas of national statehood traditions in solving deep political crises and establishing fair social relations. In particular, research on the wide use of the principles of justice and the rule of law in the state administration system of Sahibkiran Amir Temur is gaining importance in establishing the foundations of civil society. At the same time, the scientific research of Sahibkiran socio-philosophical ideas of tolerance, peace, justice, patriotism, and mutual harmony in the "Timur's rules", which is a synthesis of legal consciousness in the activity of establishing the foundations of statehood, is becoming a necessary research object of today's science. From this point of view, it is becoming one of the urgent issues to harmonize the theoretical foundations of national statehood based on rationality and socio-political and legal views developed by the great ancestors during the period of increasing geopolitical conflicts.
In establishing the foundations of civil society in our country, the use of Amir Temur's ideas of national statehood based on rationality, the study of the influence on the moral and moral thinking of the society is considered as one of the important priorities of the state policy. "Today, when our country is entering a new stage of its development, new scientific researches about our ancient history and culture are more important than ever for us"[1-32]. In this sense, it is scientific research that the social, political and legal views based on rationality and advanced statehood ideas in the spiritual heritage of Master Amir Temur have a great educational and educational value in strengthening the moral development of our society remains necessary.
Methods. The article uses scientific methods such as retrospective and systematic analysis, succession, analysis and synthesis, comparative study, objectivity, historicity and logical unity.
Results and discussions. The issue of Amir Temur's historical, cultural and spiritual heritage has always been the focus of attention of state leaders, historians, and philosophers. In particular, foreign scientists F. Schlosser, H. Hukhem, A. Champdor, V. Fournier, L. Keren, J. Roux, H. Lemb, B. Mans, etc. in Amir Temur's world politics,
socio-economic and focused on researching its place in cultural processes. The English scholar Hilda Hukham Amir Temur was the successor of the traditions of statesmanship and culture in his country, great scholars who created unique works in various fields grew up in his homeland, the great works of these scholars had a great influence on the Renaissance in Europe for several hundred years. showed and truthfully mentioned that it served as a foundation [2-320].
For example, in his many studies, Lucien Keren stated that Amir Temur's great services in history, the rule of law and justice in his country, and the fact that he "had the innate but inconceivable natural and artificial quality of being a leader" in the sources, revealed through historical facts [3-169-170]. I.Mominov, B.Ahmedov, N.Ahmedov, E.Rtveladze, U.Uvatov, J.Yakhshilikov, A.Ziya, Z. Muqimov, A. Saidov, H. Dadaboyev, Sh. Oljayeva and others provided a lot of valuable information in their works.
In the works of these scholars, the socio-political and philosophical views of Amir Temur, presented in new sources regarding rational charismatic leadership ability and spiritual heritage, have not been fully studied. Without it, the socio-political and philosophical aspects of the humanitarian ideas of the Sohibqiran's activities, related to the perfect upbringing of young people, will not gain integrity. The spiritual heritage of Amir Temur is important in understanding the essence of the social and political processes taking place in the world now.
The rapid growth of globalization processes in the world has a constructive and destructive effect on the material and spiritual life of society. All this is clearly visible in the quantitative and qualitative indicators that represent the levels of learning the foundations of national statehood and realizing the spiritual identity of individuals and members of society living in each region.
The political disorganization in Central Asia, the end of the leadership between arbitrary emirs, the liberation of the victimized people and compatriots from the tyranny of the Mongols, and the establishment of a great centralized empire in a short period of time are related to the charismatic leadership of Amir Temur. We discuss charismatic leadership and political leadership below to make it easier for the reader to understand. Amir Temur has reliable behavior, bright appearance, persuasiveness, including emotional eloquence, the ability to like people, the ability to find an approach to people, creativity, the ability to make decisions in a dangerous situation, willingness to take responsibility, by setting goals, he was able to demonstrate his charismatic leadership skills and achieve his goals.
At first glance, leadership may seem like leadership. However, there are significant differences. First, the leader is always behind the scenes and self-determined, while the leader is formally appointed. Secondly, the leader is a representative of a certain group and has a close relationship with it. Third, the main domain of a leader is interpersonal relations, and the main domain of a leader is formal relations. But the leader has more external information at his disposal, he can apply legal sanctions, that is, he is an official. Amir Temur was a person who embodied both leadership and leadership qualities. In scientific terms, a leader who has a strong and
significant influence on the group is a formal leader, that is, if his influence depends on the position, he affects "subordinates". An informal leader is a person who provides leadership regardless of their position in the organization.
Leadership in the context of management can generally be classified as:
1. Leader-organizer. Such a leader is found in most cases. This is a person who knows how to assemble the right team, understands their needs and accepts them as his own. He works actively, always has a positive attitude and believes in success. He knows how to convince everyone, how to find an approach to this or that follower, to point out a person's mistake without offending him. Under the leadership of such a leader, society unites and develops. Amir Temur works together with his team on organizational issues and ensures that they are under control.
2. Leader-diplomat. This is a person who knows how to negotiate with everyone. He knows the situation very well, carefully studies every detail and moment, so he has an influence on all followers. In any situation, he can maintain the spirit of unity in the team. Amir Temur can easily resolve negative situations and disagreements in the team.
3. Leader-fighter. A brave, somewhat proud, strong and willful person. Such a leader usually has little time to carefully analyze situations and possible consequences, so he acts immediately, but fights for the idea to the end. Amir Temur motivates the team very much and teaches them to defend themselves in any situation.
4. Leader-creator. It is this person who is brave and sensitive and sees things that most people do not notice. Amir Temur attracts his followers with his leadership-creative qualities. He works with them on equal terms and always calls for collective discussion and problem solving.
5. A comforting leader. Such a person has great charisma. When he says that everything is going to be okay, you really believe it. Such a leader knows how to support in difficult times, helps to survive failures and finds motivation to recover from them. Amir Temur treats people with respect and politeness.
Entrepreneur Amir Temur was able to prove in his social and political activities that he is a leader with such charismatic ability. Amir Temur was a creator, a child of a nation with a creative mentality, a great man born humanitarian by nature. From a young age, he was extremely knowledgeable, broad-minded, and a rare talent. Naturally, such persons usually do not fall into the eyes of many people.
Amir Temur entered the field of history in a complicated political situation. God had made it his heart to establish a great kingdom in the future. For this, it would be necessary to save the people from the tyranny of the Mongols and unite the country. He was able to unite the heads of arbitrary emirs.
Although Amir Temur took over the government, it was extremely difficult to take practical steps in the existing conditions. Because, although the emirs who have a great position within the country or a region or a social class have recognized his rule for the time being, the relationship between them and Amir Temur from now on is related to them and the social environment they represent. was largely related to the policy being pursued.
As soon as Amir Temur came to power, he first called the local begs to compromise. After strengthening their political position in the state, all governors were united into a single center. Both external attacks and internal conflicts have been put an end to. Peace and tranquility prevailed in the country. Mowarounnahr was freed from colonial oppression.
On the way of historical and cultural development, the main aspects have commonalities, and because of this, they are known as one country, one nation, and thus have the conditions and opportunities for development, growth, and other political, economic, and social integrity. and similar activities could not be carried out. It was not easy for Amir Temur to act in this way. But in any case, by the mid-70s, the country's political integrity was largely achieved.
For the same reason, at the congress held in Samarkand in the middle of this year, Amir Temur gathered the influential emirs and army chiefs from all regions and distributed some office and property (province, district, city) to each of them depending on their position and rank. - big gifts were distributed [4-303-305]. In this sense, the following statement of Sahibkiran in "Rules" is worth noting: I gave him the governorship of one of the conquered countries and regions" [5-39]. According to historical sources, in the first decrees issued by Amir Temur, the provision of road safety, mail, means of transportation, marching of troops, improvement of lands destroyed by battles, construction of rabots (hotels, parking lots), houses, there is talk of opening almshouses for the poor and needy. He also shows great respect for sayyids, religious leaders, judges, sheikhs, that is, a class with a special position and influence in Muslim society. He paves the way for the development of science, orders to award large scholarships to students [6-275-280].
With this, he said that the process that is contrary to the development and wishes of the society, which has covered the life of the country for many years, has been put an end to, and from now on, life will be built in the interest of different classes of society (from religious leaders and scientists to the poor and merchants). This was the main policy for Amir Temur during his thirty-five-year career. Although, as a child of his time, he also combined the task of maintaining his power, objectively, his work has done a great historical service for the development of Uzbek statehood and society.
Despite the fact that the blow given to the Golden Horde by Amir Temur came from the interests of his country, this victory was a great help to the Russian people and the Russian state. Advanced Russian historians A. Yu. Yakubovsky and B. D. Grekov objectively assessed and recognized this historical situation [7-317-318].
In general, in the Eastern analysis of political leadership, the approach of giving advice to the leader is a priority. According to him, the policy of a statesman in any situation should not contradict moral principles: truthfulness, honesty, benevolence to people, etc. It should be noted that such oriental views calling on the leader to adhere to moral principles are reflected in the humanization of politics in modern democratic societies and recognition of it as a guarantee of human rights.
The great Italian humanist N. Machiavelli made a great contribution to the development of political knowledge in the West in the study of political leadership.
According to him, a political leader is a king who consolidates society and uses any means to maintain social order and his rule. For example, "In the construction and strengthening of the national state, the head of the state may be as bold as a lion, as cunning as a fox, and if it is ultimately beneficial to the goal, he may not fulfill his promises, because high results will be given to princes who behave in the same way. The practical advice developed by Machiavelli, such as [8-28], which reflects the Western mentality requiring a skillful combination of cunning and force, was highly appreciated by Cromwell, Napoleon and many other European politicians.
The fact that the head of state is bold as a lion in the construction and strengthening of the national state, which is considered to be one of the qualities mentioned in the above views, is clearly manifested in the work of Sahibgiron Amir Temur, but as Machiavelli mentioned, the Westerner is on the way to his goal. aspects such as making false promises were completely against his faith.
Amir Temur, a great leader and a famous statesman, occupied an important place in the history of the peoples of Central Asia, and even in the history of the world. Especially, the period of the Timurid dynasty of the XIV-XV centuries left an indelible mark in world history with its wealth of universal events. Amir Temur managed to unite the peoples of Central Asia into a single state. A talented general managed to get all nations to follow him and created a centralized, great and powerful state. He was able to implement important reforms in the field of military and statecraft, based on the highest knowledge of the time, and developed state management systems suitable for his time. As a result of this, feudal disunity, which was dominated by invasion, violence, injustice and destruction as a result of nearly two centuries of Mongol rule in Central Asia, was ended, and the rights and independence of the peoples of the country were restored. It was taken out of the vortex of economic, cultural and educational stagnation.
In his time, his great works and healthy state were recognized not only in the East, but also in the world, especially in Europe. In order to build a strong state, it is not enough for the direct leader to be a just and perfect person, in order to achieve the goal, the leaders around him must also be masters of their profession, selfless and honest. An important force that ensured the glory of Amir Temur's state was his ministers, officials and soldiers. One of the most important achievements of Amir Temur was the right selection of employees and the use of their strength in managing the state.
He was able to implement important reforms in the field of military and statecraft, based on the highest knowledge of the time, and developed state management systems suitable for his time. As a result of this, feudal disunity, which was dominated by invasion, violence, injustice and destruction as a result of nearly two centuries of Mongol rule in Central Asia, was ended, and the rights and independence of the peoples of the country were restored. It was taken out of the vortex of economic, cultural and educational stagnation. In his time, his great works and healthy state were recognized not only in the East, but also in the world, especially in Europe.
In short, the establishment of Amir Temur's kingdom was not an accidental event, but the formation of a historical process in the development of social and political events of the 14th century and the development of a charismatic leader in Central Asia. All the conclusions of the above researchers about the personal qualities of a charismatic leader were embodied in the young, innovative, brave, educated and faithful Amir Temur.
REFERENCES
1. Мирзиёев Ш.М. Янги Узбекистан тараккиёт стратегияси. -Т.: "O'zbekiston", 2022. -Б.32.
2. Hookham H. Timurlaine the concueror. - London, 1962
3. Властитель семи созвездий / Пер. с англ. Хидоятова Г. -Т.: "Адолат", 1995. -C.320.
4. Kehren L. Tamerlan, le Seiqneur de fer. - Neuchatel, 1978. -Р.260; Keren L.
5. Amir Temur saltanati. Fransuz tilidan tarj. va izohlar muallifi B.Ermatov. T.: "O'zbekiston", 2016. - Б.169-170.
6. Натанзий М. Мунтахаб ат-таворихи Муиний. -Т.: O'zbekiston, 2011. -Б.291-292; Яздий Ш.А. Зафарнома. -Т.: "Шарк", 1997. -Б.303-305.
7. Темур тузуклари. -Т.: «O'zbekiston», 2013. -Б.39.
8. Шомий Н. Зафарнома. -Т.: Узбекистон, 1996. 2-жилд. -Б.188-198;
9. Натанзий М. Мунтахаб ат-таворихи Муиний. -Т.: O'zbekiston, 2011. -Б.275-280.
10. Греков Д.Д., Якубовский А.Ю. Олтин Урда ва унинг кулаши. - Т.: Уздавнашр, 1956, -Б.317-318.
11. Макиавелли Н. Государь. -М.: "Планета", 1990. - С.28.
