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УДК 712
Ergashev U.A.
FarPI teacher Juraeva N.N. teacher 52-school Uchkuprik district
QUALITIES REVERED BY AMIR TEMUR
Annotation: The article discusses the role of the teachings of our great ancestor Amir Temur in the spiritual and moral education of young people on the basis of "Temur's rules", which is a rich cultural and spiritual heritage of our people.
Key words: "Temur's rules", the Koran, Movarounnahr, Sufism, Yassaviya, Naqshbandi, Mongols, Barlos.
In the process of building our national statehood, understanding the national identity and upbringing a harmoniously developed generation, applying the teachings of our great ancestor Sahibkiran Amir Temur is a topic that will never become obsolete in practice. It is no secret that the life, past, courage and reforms of this esteemed man, which is one of the most important and important parts of our history, have always amazed me. After all, the first President I.A. Karimov, with boundless respect for this historical figure, never tired of repeating the names of this historical figure: "... Whose generation are we, let us remember our ancestors?"Indeed, one can witness how much attention is paid to the education of young people today, when Sahibkiran Amir Temur in his time paid serious attention to this issue.
His multifaceted public administration policy embraced all the positive aspects of upbringing and has come down to us as a rich spiritual heritage.In the time of Amir Temur, serious attention was paid to the issue of education. From a young age, he mastered the secrets of the military game and began to design military action projects. According to the Russian historian V. Cherevansky, Amir Temur, as a child, used to play the role of a military commander in a playful way with his friends, and skillfully led his army, probably because his commanding skills were formed in his childhood.
At that time, according to local values, it was not permissible to name a baby immediately after birth, that is, after the baby was seven years old. determination, willpower. His father, Amir Turagay, a survivor of the battles and a member of the Barlos clan, was to become a religious reformer.The Mongols did not touch on two things in Central Asia during their conquest, namely religion and education, because they worshiped Heaven and, more precisely, because of their ignorance, they had no desire to learn the Qur'an. That is why, when they saw the Taliban reciting the Qur'an in mosques and madrassas, they accepted education as a requirement of religious education. However, after the conversion of the sixth
khan of the Chigatay dynasty, Barakkhan, to Islam, the persecution of Islam by the Mongols in Movarounnahr was relatively weakened.When he was 7 years old, he was sent to study at a madrasa, and at the age of 9, he had learned to pray 5 times, and due to his diligence and ability, he was remarkable for his quick acquisition of any knowledge in the madrasa.
When Amir Temur recited the Holy Quran, even his teachers were amazed. "Kesh's academies have never seen such a sharp-witted child, so the whole team unanimously praises his talent ..." Yes, our forefathers, Muslims, have always paid great attention to education, so historical sources state that there were thousands of madrassas in Kesh at that time, provided by the student foundation, that is, the income from gardens, shops and land taxes was first and foremost noble. spent on activities, education and enlightenment.Of course, the influence of Islam, a strong belief in the Almighty, on Sahibkiran's growth as a mature person was immense. "... I developed the religion of God and the law of Muhammad Mustafa in the world. I have supported Islam everywhere and at all times. " After graduating from the madrasah, he sought close teachers (Sheikh Zayniddin Abubakr, Mir Sayyid Kulol), established close relations with a number of scholars and saints, and his teachings helped him to make important decisions and actions in his future. He later wrote in his treatise: "I wrote to you, 'Follow the command of God and the Messenger of God, and help the descendants of the Messenger of Allah. Let justice be done in the kingdom of God, as it is said, "A country can stand in disbelief, but it cannot stand where there is oppression." Therefore, the first meeting of Amir Temur with Sheikh Zayniddin Abubakr can be considered one of the most important, astonishing, historical scenes, because in this meeting, the future Sahibkiran will receive a ring from his piri as a gift. The ring was inscribed in Arabic letters "Rosti-rusti", meaning "Power is in justice", and later Sahibkiran drew his name and three lines next to the inscription, which was reflected in the ring, which in his time served as a seal in government. you say he did not kneel with his fellow citizens.
While visiting the mausoleum of Hazrat Hoja Ahmad Yassavi, he was amazed by the fact that once in his lifetime there were seven thousand pilgrims in his hut, which could accommodate only seven people. He also visited the Qalandar and their temples, which followed the Naqshbandi sect, and was highly esteemed by them. It is known that the Naqshbandi sect was a sect that encouraged the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and his Companions to live as they did, to restore the Prophet's way of life and to live an honest life only through their own labor, and Bahauddin Naqshbandi himself farming. Moreover, he did not hesitate to visit the well-known and famous scholars of that time, recalling in his treatises, "... I did not spare anything from the Sayyids, scholars, and sheikhs to pray for me." Apparently, the formation of his just, human qualities was also not spontaneous.We have a great spiritual legacy from Amir Temur in the upbringing of his youth. During his reign, he strictly required his children, grandchildren, and all men to take a shar'i approach to family matters at all times, and to be pure and honest. His rules for giving alms to his sons and grandsons are particularly noteworthy, as he urges all four sons to ulufas to their grandsons and other
relatives, taking into account their talents and abilities: "Each of them acts according to his rank. do not overdo it. Those who violate it should be held accountable. "An important aspect of his upbringing school was that no matter what position he held in the army, a culture of treatment was introduced so that a high-ranking officer could never be disrespectful to a low-ranking officer or a low-ranking officer to a high-ranking official. If a dispute arose between them, the situation would be thoroughly investigated and, of course, the truth would be decided: the offender would be removed from office and deprived of the couple's property and other privileges in the place of residence. Educating everyone in the spirit of mutual respect was the main principle. In the state of Amir Temur, such evils as abuse of power, bribery, constant drunkenness, and depravity were considered grave sins, and the perpetrators were severely punished. "A true friend is one who never offends his friend, and if he is offended, he will apologize," he said. "I did not spare any of my emirs who accompanied me wholeheartedly." Apparently, human qualities such as justice, glorification of friendship, appreciation served as the basis of his policy.
Another method of Amir Temur's upbringing was to make everyone educated. Schools and madrassas were opened in all cities, where religious and secular sciences were taught. In particular, in his palace Mavlono Abduljabbor Khorezmi, Mavlono Shamsuddin Munshi, Mavlono Nu'moniddin Khorezmi, Khoja Afzal, Mavlono Olouddin Kashi, Jalal Hokiy and others taught mathematics, geometry, architecture, astronomy, literature, history and other sciences. During this period, the science of jurisprudence - the religion of Islam and the principles of Sharia - rose to the level of science.In the large and newly formed madrassas, the most intelligent, knowledgeable and polite, mature scholars are appointed to teach on a competitive basis. They were paid more salaries and wages than before, and their talents were assigned to very high positions and careers. Herman Vamberi, who was a true martyr to the royal family founded by our ancestor Amir Temur, writes: ". During the military campaigns, there were mobile mosques where prayers were performed and it also served as a center of knowledge and education. Not only the common people, but also the spiritual world of their soldiers were not left out of his attention.In conclusion, while the history of harmoniously developed generation is recognized as the most important goal in our country, it is important for us to learn from the teachings of our ancestor Sahibkiran Amir Temur, dedicated to his people and descendants.
Sources used:
1. Tumor traps. Tashkent. G. Gulom Publishing House. 1991 y.
2. V. Cherevanskiy. Amir Temur. Tashkent. Writer's Publishing. 1993 y.
3. Herman Vamberi. History of Bukhara or Movarounnahr. Tashkent. G. Gulom Publishing House. 1990 y.
4. Nasafiy. Hazrat Bahovuddin Naqshband. Tashkent. O'zb Resp.FA. publishing house. 1993 y.
