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4СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
_КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ
Анна Суха
Докторантуры: Социальная политика Университет св. Кирилла и Мефодия Факультет социальных наук Словакия
THE QUALITY OF SENIORLIFE
PhDr. MVDr. Anna Sucha, doctoral studies: Social policy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Social science in Trnava, Slovakia АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье рассматриваются качества жизни пожилых людей. В статье анализируется качество жизни пожилых людей в 21-м веке. В нем освещаются важные аспекты повышения качества жизни пожилых людей. ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the quality of life of seniors. It analyzes the quality of life of seniors in the 21st century. It highlights the important aspects of improving the quality of life of seniors.
Ключевые слова: старший, качество жизни, образ жизни, здравоохранения, социального обеспечения. Keywords: senior, quality of life, lifestyle, health, social care.
At the present, we can meet with the concept of quality of life in a wide range of understanding. Similar multi dimension might be met also on the level of research [5].
Quality of life has one of the most important dimensions and that is the social dimension. Therefore, the issue takes the most of the social sciences. In practice, the professional becomes the object of interest in the first place, the workers from the fields of social work and social policy.
Currently, the quality of life in the Slovak republic has a political dimension, because the November of each year marks the anniversary of the fall of the socialist regime, and in this context, it is dedicated to the many concentrations of discussions, research, quality of life before and after November 1989 in both the socio-economic systems [3].
The quality of life is can be labeled by the result of the interaction of the social, health, economic and environmental conditions of human life and social development [5]. Economy affects the population, but we can also say that the population is significantly influenced by the economy [6].
If we take into account the different types of surveys, then we can conclude that the majority of the population, including seniors, expressed dissatisfaction from the aspect of the present standard of living, social certainties and the system of social policy, e.g. neo-liberal trends in society, pursuing a range of following measures: [3].
- pensions,
- reform of health care,
- increasing the price of good,
- living,
- energy,
- financing of education, science, research etc.
It just shows that reducing the social function of the state in comparison with developed member states of the
European Union, where the social function of the state is an extremely important component of the policy of each government. Social policy, social cohesion and social solidarity contributes to the quality of life of all citizens and has in Europe a long tradition in the consciousness of the citizens of the individual countries, which is reflected in their social status.
The level of social certainties for citizens was, is and will be in every respect an important element of quality of life, it affects the ability of the citizen to ensure you are a human, dignified and socially adequate way of life so that they didn't get in due to the objective socio-economic conditions of the respective state to into the lowest category, i.e. the category of a poor man.
The development in the 21st century will bring more new aspects to the quality of life. This new century bears many names, many aspects of the criteria and new trends in the position of man in society. For a better understanding we will introduce at least four major trends: [3]
- globalisation,
- information technology,
- the new economy is based on knowledge,
- sustainable development.
In the 21st century the concept of sustainable development was accepted by the Slovak republic and the government developed the National strategy of sustainable development. New and specific global development paradigm for the 21st century puts into focus the quality of the environment as a prerequisite for the survival of the human civilians.
If we take into account the synthesizing models of quality of life (practical and theoretical), so then perhaps the most famous synthesizing practically oriented model is a model of the WHO (World Health Organization), which
was the result of an international project implemented in 17 countries, and published in 17 countries.
It implies the determination of the basic areas of quality of life as well as the internal components and attributes in each of those areas. It assumes that the quality of life is involved in the four basic areas (domains), which are internally structured by other indicators. The basic areas of quality of life according to the WHO:
Physical health and level of independence - indicators:
- energy and tiredness,
- pain and discomfort,
- sleep and rest
- mobility,
- activity in daily life,
- dependence on medical products and medical devices,
- working capacity,
Mental functions -indicators:
- the image of your own body and appearance,
- negative emotions,
- positive emotions,
- self-esteem,
- thinking,
- learning,
- memory,
- attention,
- spirituality (religion),
- personal beliefs,
Social relationships -indicators:
- personal relationships,
- social support,
- sexual activity,
Environment -indicators:
- financial resources,
- freedom,
- physical safety,
- health and social care,
- home environment,
- opportunities to obtain information and knowledge,
- participation in free time activities,
- physical environment (emissions, noise, traffic, climate),
- transport [8].
A man wants to live a long time, wants to be an active, full-fledged and self-sufficient. During the life he wants to stay in the society and even in old age does not want to be pushed to the sidelines. "Every society is in some way interested in the health of the population and to develop certain measures for his protection" [2]. The process of social exclusion is primarily the result of poverty and low income, contribute to, but also other factors such as discrimination, low education and poor living conditions. Social exclusion are cut off from institutions and services, social networking and educational opportunities. [7].
A society that understands the needs of earlier born, tries to take care of their overall security by creating conditions for a dignified life in old age. On the other hand, human beings cannot just passively wait, that society will look after them because it is not correct. Even seniors can be active, what is the best presentation and the subject of their autumn of life. The family is the basic organizational and structural unit of society. It is necessary
to do everything that the family could take care of their loved ones, to make the care of the elderly. The idea is that senior stays in the home environment as long as possible. Institutional care is needed, but at the same time alternative and complementary. Care in institutions should be similar to the normal, domestic environment [4].
The older the man is the more they are constrained to his stereotypes, and thus more difficult and slower to adapt to new and complicated life situations. A man at an older age is accustomed to the way of life and views, because it is very difficult to adapt to the new realities. A man at an older age is used to the way of life and views, because it is very difficult to adapt to the new realities. Adaptability is a feature of the youth. People in older age are not willing to adopt habits that are in conflict with his previous habits. Years ago he established habits which gave him a comfortable way of life and help them cope successfully with common situations. A change is very difficult, fear of the risk and little of the enthusiasm and interest are related to it. Motives, that in his youth pushed him forward lost their strength and attractiveness. Reduced adaptation causes, that the new, unexpected or strong stimulus can disrupt the internal balance [1].
An important component of the care of the elderly who live in facilities of social services is the social work carried out by social workers with vocational education. Their mission is to help to ensure that seniors things of daily use, such as small purchases, or to help them in dealing with various office issues. An important part of the work of the social worker is also help seniors to adapt to the new environment, which for them is very stressful. Another task is to take care about utilizing the free time of all the inhabitants, and customize it to their interests and combine them together so that the individual devices of social services for the elderly have become for them a real home [3].
Bibliography:
1. BARTKO, D. 1990. Moderna psychohygiena. Bratislava : OBZOR, 1990. ISBN 80-215-0102-2.
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8. WHO -World Health Organization. Available at: www.who.sk
