CC BY
3_СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ОТЧУЖДЕНИЕ РОМА
Марош Поточны
Докторантуры: Социальная политика Университет св. Кирилла и Мефодия Факультет социальных наук Словакия
EXCLUSION OF ROMA FROM THE SOCIETY
PhDr. Maros Potocny, doctoral studies: Social policy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Social science in Trnava, Slovakia АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье рассматривается вопрос интеграции рома, рома. Кроме того, он сосредоточен на пути рома жизни и важности интеграции этой целевой группы. ABSTRACT
The article deals with the issue of Roma, Roma Inclusion. Also it focuses on the Roma way of life and the importance of the integration of this target group.
Ключевые слова: рома включение, исключение, общество, бедность. Keywords: Roma inclusion, exclusion, society, poverty.
Because of the differing way of life and cultural differences it is possible to observe that the Roma are often on the edge of society or are excluded. "Social exclusion therefore can be defined as a process whereby individuals and whole groups of persons are denied access to resources necessary for participation in the social, economic and political activities of society as a whole." [2, pp. 141-142]. An incentive to the progressive exclusion of the Roma from the society may be addiction to alcohol, lack of hygiene, incomplete family, poor health, unemployment, crime, poverty, different religion, language, culture or, in the case of the Roma ethnic difference. The difference with the majority is a very large and striking. In most cases, the difference of majority is seen as negative.
In the literature, three approaches to define this concept are described. We distinguish:
- "Redistribution exclusion -highlights the social effects that this situation causes (inequality in society), and focuses on persons living in poverty.
- Ethical exclusion -highlights the criminal behaviour and the moral decline of the entire social groups or inhabitants of the urban districts who are facing social exclusion.
- Integration exclusion -social exclusion is here considered as identical with the exclusion from the labour market.
The process of social exclusion is primarily a consequence of poverty and low income, however, also other factors such as discrimination, low education or bad environmental conditions. Socially excluded are cut off from institutions and services, social networks and educational opportunities. [6]
Adaptation to conditions of social exclusion often create specific values and norms, which include, for example, the emphasis on the presence, the inability to plan the future, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness or the belief that man can affect his own social situation." [2, pp. 141142].
If adequate health and relatively stable financial income elderly people are opening possibilities for active leisure. [5].
The consequences of social exclusion of the Roma
from society are for example, the following pathological phenomena as life on periphery, the lack of skilled or basic education, the problems with long-term unemployment, racial discrimination, socio-economic situation, low living standards, limited access to the labour market, housing. All of this can cause the collapse of cohesion and social solidarity, and it is therefore the efforts to integrate excluded individuals or groups are essential.
Poverty and Roma people
A poverty is a problem that affects the socializing of man. Roma get into the social isolation that contributes to change their attitudes and the negative shaping their value orientation. Poverty limits the individual or household in their social relationships.
Founder of the Congregation missionaries of love, Mother Teresa belongs to the best known personality of 20th century. According to her, the poorest are those who are suffering from hunger or by thirst, lack of clothes, homeless, dying, leaving, refugees, lepers, and all those who are labelled by the society as a burden [3]. Also Roma may be found among the above mentioned. Poverty is a problem that affects the socializing of some members or group of the Roma community.
In a daily life, poverty is considered as a poorness or as a social problem, it is sometimes also regarded as a pathological phenomenon or a social deviation. Each individual defines the poverty individually, someone is poor in material substance, and other includes symbolic factors associated with poverty. Each of us thinks of different causes of a particular situation. For example, a person who is lonely and feels alone is deprived of family, friends, or the experiences. Theory of poverty is a personal choice of each individual or a lack of interest to engage in social life. Personal inability to succeed their position in the social environment. Poverty is a very complex phenomenon of today's society. The poverty is a very complex phenomenon of today's society. This phenomenon does not mean possession of estates and little available resources. It is about social role and social status.
The poverty can be seen also when the person does not secure even the minimum, basic standard of living in housing, clothing or food. Then we are talking about
a material need. Material needs is characterized by a situation, when the income of a citizen does not reach life minimum, or when a citizen is unable to increase the intake of objective reasons, but also when the citizen does not own another source of property or income in order to obtain finance sources at minimum level. The reasons for this situation may be objective and subjective [1]. Many times it depends on the individual, his attitudes towards the situation, to avoid poverty. Poverty can also mean the lack, we can mention the misery and last but not least we also consider some of the Roma minority in Slovakia as poor.
The source of poverty is low education, lack of opportunities, unemployment, low income in employment, the low level of property. "Basic needs and the elements of the functioning cannot be considered as synonyms. The link between satisfying the basic needs and functioning of individuals in society can be described so that the satisfaction of basic needs is the input necessary to achieve a functioning and performing in the society. Basic needs are usually defined in terms of resources, not outcomes"[7, p. 4].
"Finding solutions carries a great responsibility for the lives of the people who suffer from the poverty, and not only at the political level in the formation of laws, but also at the social level. The phenomenon of poverty is present all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to speak about it, analyse, and explore its various forms, causes, impacts and particularly look for ways of solutions to eliminate this problem"[4, p. 228].
The population represents an advanced society and that is why it is necessary to make efforts on the creation of a socio-cultural system, the political-administrative system and the socio-economic system. We judge this as the effort on the public welfare of the population. The effort of the general satisfaction, safety, order, and quality of life.
A significant contribution to reduce the consequences of poverty, is representing by social work, individual
assistance, charity and specifically the existence of a welfare state (state public welfare). They are nongovernmental entities that support the following objectives:
"Prevention of man in undignified poverty and its existence need (for example through social assistance).
- Assurance against the default of ordinary risks (through retirement, sickness, emergency, accident insurance etc., including the unemployment insurance).
- The removal of undesirable forms of social inequalities (for example, through progressive taxation, protected workplaces, etc.).
- Establishment of equal living conditions or basic assumptions of everyday behaviour"[4, p. 227].
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. DUDOVÂ, I. 2002. Systém sociâlnej prevencie. Bratislava : Ekonöm, 2002. 184 s. ISBN 80-225-1471-3.
2. KALEJA, M. - KNEJP, J. 2009. Mluvme o Romech. Ostrava : Universitas Ostraviensis Facultas Philosophica, 2009. 199 s. ISBN 978-80-7368-708-3.
3. SELICKÂ, D. - VANKOVÂ, K. 2009. Römska rodina z aspektu rodinnej sociâlnej politiky. Nitra : Univerzita Konstantia Filozofa, 2009. 182 s. ISBN 97880-8094-485-8.
4. SCHAVEL, M. a kol. 2012. Sociâlna prevencia. LiptovskyJân : Prohu s. r. o. 2012. 267 s. ISBN 978-8089535-06-4.
5. SUCHÂ, A. 2016. Vol'nocasové aktivity v sociâlnej terapii. In Spolocnosf a jej paradigmy v sociâlnom ponimani. Brno : Tribun, s.r.o., 2016. s. 128-146. ISBN 978-80-263-0893-5.
6. VENDZÜR, J. 2016. Sociâlne sluzby a seniori. In Spolocnosf a jej paradigmy v sociâlnom ponimani. Brno : Tribun, s.r.o., 2016. s. 162-175. ISBN 978-80-263-0893-5.
7. ZELINSKY, T. 2014. Chudoba a deprivâcia na Slovensku. Kosice : Equilibria, 2014. 228 s. ISBN 978-808143-133-3.
