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СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ СЛУЖБЫ _ДЛЯ МИГРАНТОВ, БЕЖЕНЦЕВ
Яарослав Венджр
Докторантуры: Социальная политика Университет св. Кирилла и Мефодия Факультет социальных наук Словакия Slovakia
SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR MIGRANTS, REFUGEES
PhDr. et Mgr. Jaroslav Vendzur, doctoral studies: Social policy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Social science in Trnava, Slovakia АННОТАЦИЯ
В нашей работе мы описываем миграции кризис. Отметим миграционной политики с акцентом на социальной работе и социальных услуг для мигрантов. ABSTRACT
In our paper we describe the migration crisis. We point to migration policy with an emphasis on social work and social services for migrants.
Ключевые слова: мигрант, миграция, социальная работа, социальная сфера, социальный работник. Keywords: migrant, migration, social work, social services, social worker.
An important role for the integration of migrants into the society plays a social work and social services with the refugees.
According to Matousek [2] a social worker for the client - refugee may be the only contact with the new world, with a new environment where the refugee is located. The social worker has to know very well the environment of his country, applicable laws, legislation. He should know one of the world languages and the culture of the client. As Matousek [2] writes, the social worker can be:
• Information provider
• Material aid provider
• Accompanying person
• Mediator and negotiator
• Defender of client's rights
• Therapeutic listener
• Law adviser
• Contact with the society behind the walls of a refugee camp
Social worker works with various experts, but in particular with lawyers and psychologists. They can also create, organize or transform capabilities and resources in the social environment of the client so that they are operational. [5]
Free legal consulting is currently provided by NGOs helping the refugees. They regularly visit refugees' environments, legal consulting is primarily aimed at getting to know the client, his rights and obligations according to the act on asylum. A quality legal aid plays
a major role in obtaining the asylum. When working with refugees, a psychological assistance plays an important role Psychologists who are actively working in the refugee camps, are staff of the Ministry of interior of the Slovak republic or non-governmental organizations. Significant sessions are group activities, where actual problems of life in the refugee camp are discussed, getting to know the culture, traditions. When working with refugees, the doctors and other health professionals, the officials of different departments, workers in the field of employment and social benefits, also teachers play a significant role. Also the volunteers represent an important role in working with refugees. Economy affects the population, but we can also say that the population is significantly influenced by the economy. [4]
If the basic life needs of the clients are secured, the main focus of social work should be the provision of a good quality consulting, which should focus on:
• Submission of information on the asylum procedure
• The rights and obligations of the asylum seeker
• Providing of orientation in the political and social system of the Slovak republic
• The provision of assistance during the progress of the application for asylum
• Integration into society, which means that they should have living, work, education, to know the Slovak language, be balanced with the past, and be involved in the society [1]
The ethical principles for the access to the work with refugees are:
• Confidence
• The principle of mildness
• Respect (for autonomy, social habits, other persons)
• Justice (to help regardless of nationality race, religion, nationality)
According to the High commissioner for refugees, the UN refugees do not cease to have basic human needs neither in the new or enemy environment. In following, these are the needs:
• Family life: refugees want to have their family, they want to educate their children according to traditional values and beliefs
• Communication: the major obstacle may be no knowledge of the language, as it can cause numerous misunderstandings
• Human dignity: it is necessary to preserve human dignity as the fundamental value for a man
• Self-containment:refugees want to have their life in their hands, they do not want to be dependent on others
• Employment: concerning the employment it is a activity, which is essential for physical and mental health of the person
• Identity: the need to belong to the society, to receive and to show solidarity in the event of an emergency [2]
The social services for refugees
According to Matouska [3]a refugee is a person, who according to the international law, left his country in order to avoid the persecution, violence or armed conflict. The competent migration office is a first stage in the process of obtaining the asylum. The social situation of asylum seekers is a starting point for social diagnosis. It means, that in particular, the social work in the integration of refugees progressed from the evaluation and interpretation of the social situation of an individual or group, through the detection of social problems and their causes to the establishment and use of adequate forms and means of social assistance.
The basis for specific work with refugees is a personal documentation of the applicant for the obtaining of
asylum, which is led by the social worker in the reception camp from the arrival of the applicant and social worker residence camp until his departure from the residence camp. The social policy of the Slovak republic establishes a good measures to help people who, for some objective reasons, find themselves in life situations which are not able to solve by their effort and means.
These measures have a significance also for a group of asylum seekers. The social aid by material, financial resources and professional help for asylum seekers creates the basic conditions that allow them by their own activity to adapt in a particular social reality. The working and social integration ensures a meaningful life.
A foreigner, after crossing the national borders, expresses his intention to obtain an asylum, thus the applicant, in accordance with the act on asylum, becomes an object of social assistance of the Slovak republic in the competence of the Migration office. This happens in maximum within 6 months from the decision on the granting of asylum. The particular attention is paid to the so-called high-risk groups of applicants for asylum, this includes juvenile foreigners unaccompanied by parents, or other close relatives. Furthermore, there are lonely women, also single women with children, seniors and persons with physical, psychological or social disabilities.
Bibliography:
1. MASLEN, J., BRNULA, P. 2004. Socialna praca s utecencami. Bratislava: Obcianske zdruzenie Socialna praca, 2004. ISBN 80-89185-06-1.
2. MATOUSEK, O. a kol. 2005. Socialni prace v praxi. Praha : Portal, 2005. 352 s. ISBN 80-7367-002-X.
3. MATOUSEK, O. a kol. 2007. Socialni sluzby. Praha : Portal, 2007. 184 s. ISBN 978-80-7367-310-9.
4. POTOCNY. M. 2016. Seniori v kontexte demografickeho vyvoja. In Spolocnosf a jej paradigmy v socialnom ponimani. Brno : Tribun, s.r.o., 2016. s. 107117. ISBN 978-80-263-0893-5.
5. SUCHA, A. 2016. Vol'nocasove aktivity v socialnej terapii. In Spolocnosf a jej paradigmy v socialnom ponimani. Brno : Tribun, s.r.o., 2016. s. 128-146. ISBN 978-80-263-0893-5.
