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4Национальная ассоциация ученых (НАУ) # 10 (26), 2016
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ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
MIGRATION AS AN INTERNATIONAL PHENOMENON
МИГРАЦИЯ КАК МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ЯВЛЕНИЕ
PhDr. et Mgr. Peter Mat'os
doctoral studies: Social policy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Social science in Trnava Slovakia
Питер Матош
Докторантуры: Социальная политика Университет св. Кирилла и Мефодия Факультет социальных наук Словакия
ABSTRACT
The present paper deals with the issue of migration. It focuses primarily on the integration process.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Настоящая статья посвящена проблеме миграции. Она сосредоточена главным образом на процессе интеграции.
Keywords: Migration. Migrant. Integration. Humanity. Social help.
Ключевые слова: миграция. Мигрантов. Интеграция. Человечество. Социальная помощь.
Tomes [4] underlines that migration has a major impact on all sorts of areas of social, economic, political and social life of the host country. In the context of irregular migration, these impacts can be negative, but also positive as regards the solutions of unfavorable socio-economic development, labour shortages, aging of the population. Migration policy interferes with the activities of states in the areas of business, employment, education, science, culture, social sphere etc. The conditions for the delivery of humanitarian aid in relation to migration are also important. The consequences of migration are the following::
• economic - the problem is the cheap labour force in the period of crisis and recession
• demographic - the structure of the population is changing, supports the process of urbanization is supported
• religious - there are different religious beliefs, many of them are not mutually tolerated and respected
• political - the political pressure occurs, when the foreigners come into a homogeneous society
• social - as immigrantslive on the border of the subsistence level, the pressure on social assistance and social services is growing
• cultural- it is mostly xenophobia, intolerance, the inability of the citizens of state to accept a foreign culture
The distinctive phenomena are social consequences, since migrants are not participants in social security, they get into the social events as other citizens, they need medical, educational, social services.
An important article of the implementation phase of the integration process are non-governmental or-
ganizations working in the field of migration. They operate in the environment of the migrants, they have a contact with them, provide them consulting services. They also perform the role of an informal mediator for the state authorities [3].
In general, a person who is a participant in the asylum proceeding is without economical funds, is not economic independent. Therefore the help is needed, the financial intervention of the receiving state. Foreigners are temporarily ensured all the needs necessary for life. In addition to the financial support of the asylum seekers, the beneficiary country is responsible for their integration into society, their further development and for the overall facilitation of their life situation in all areas of social life.
The process of integration according to the Concept of integration of foreigners in the Slovak republic is divided into several major areas and activities:
• employment and access to the labour market: from the start of the proceedings about the asylum, as well as after its obtaining, the society supports the foreigners in their effort to find work and to acquire new knowledge and skills that would enable them to find appropriate work. The support is represented mainly by advisory activities in the field of job search and the organisation of retraining courseswhich serves in particular for the expansion of job skills.
• accommodation, access to housing: during the initial stages of the asylum procedure and shortly after that, as the foreigner is granted the asylum accommodation for asylum seeker is solely provided by the state. There arethe reception camps built, where the foreigners applying for asylum are located until the
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Ha^OHa^bHaa aссоцнaцнa yneHbix (HAy) # 10 (26), 2016
time of completion of the basic entry procedures such as:
o complete medical check, o taking fingerprints etc. After this, they are moved to the residence facility where the asylum seekers stay until the release of the final decision. Here, they have secured the basic living and hygiene needs. If the granting of asylum is positive, the asylum seeker might be placed in the integration centre. The aim of the integration centre is the inclusion of a person into society, the development of his social and cultural knowledge about the country, expansion of job capabilities, teaching of the Slovak language, as well as the provision of health care and housing. It is basically preparation of the asylum seeker for his separate life in a new country [2].
• Education, language courses, retraining:
o to support the education for adult asylum seekers and their children
o courses of Slovak language o primary education for children o retraining courses
o recognition of education of asylum seekers' education and professional practice
• Social security and health care: social security covers social insurance and various social services. Social services include:
o the emergency housing facility o the assistance with the personal care of the
child
o the care services o the personal assistance intervention
o the transport services designed for the elderly or persons in need of assistance to others
o the provision of health care
• The inclusion of foreigners into the majority society
o the national religion
o participation in the cultural, social and public life
• Obtainment of citizenship: applying for citizenship of the Slovak republic and subsequently its recognition means an important stage of the integration of the asylum seeker in the society.
The important role in the integration of migrants into society plays a social work with refugees, social services for migrants. The basis of social work is work with relations and trust, creating of feeling of security and certainty that belong to the most basic needs and at the same time they represent an ethical bridge between the social worker and the client, the user of social services. [1]
Bibliography:
1. BOCAKOVA, O. 2015. The social status of seniors in the V4 countries. Vilnius: Versus Aureus, 2015. 130 s. ISBN 978-9955-34-582-4.
2. BERNADIC, J. M. 2008. O emigrantoch a utecencoch: Preco I'udia (ne)odchadzaju zo svojej vlasti. Bratislava: Post Scritpum, 2008. ISBN 97880-969850-1-2.
3. FIALA, V. a kol. 2007. Teoreticke a metodologicke problem evropske integrace. Olo-mouc: Periplum, 2007. ISBN 978-80-86624-37-2.
4. TOMES, I. 2011. Obory socidlm politiky. Praha: Portal: 2011. ISBN 978-80-7367-868-5.
