1Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology,
Pedagogy: a Problem and Solutions
Toshkent tibbiyot akademiyasi Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi:
muammo va yechimlar
THE PHENOMENA OF WORD FORMATION IN LATIN AS AN EXAMPLE OF CARDIOLOGICAL TERMS
Mukhabat Askaraliyevna Kaxorova
Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Languages Tashkent Medical Academy
ANNOTATION:
The objective of this paper is extensive study of word formation methods in medical terminology and the characteristics of creating a non-abstract system between the structures of linguistic terms that we know: namely the cardiological terms of the cardiovascular sphere, comparing them in Latin and Uzbek languages.
Keywords: medical terminology, word formation, suffixation, prefixation, cardiovascular system.
АННОТАЦИЯ:
Целью данной работы является обширное исследование способов словообразования в медицинской терминологии и особенностей создания неабстрактной системы между структурами известных нам лингвистических терминов, а именно кардиологических терминов сердечно-сосудистой сферы, сравнение их на латыни и узбекский языки.
Ключевые слова: медицинская терминология, словообразование, суффиксация, префиксация, сердечно-сосудистая система.
ANNOTATSIYA:
Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi tibbiy terminologiyada so'z yasash usullarini va biz biladigan lingvistik atamalarning tuzilmalari o'rtasida mavhum bo'lmagan tizimni yaratish xususiyatlarini keng o'rganish: yurak-qon tomir sohasining kardiologik atamalari, ularni lotin va o'zbek tillarida taqqoslashdan iborat.
Kalit so'zlar: tibbiy terminologiya, so'z yasalishi, qo'shimcha, prefiksatsiya, yurak-qon tomir tizimi.
The results of the analysis of cardiology terminology in the Uzbek language confirm that the affix method is the most productive way of creating new lexemes. It is important to choose concepts related to the heart and blood system, specifically cardiology, and study them in depth in medical terminology. Definition of terms is the most interesting part of terminology, researching dictionaries, reference books,
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recommended scientific works. We have the opportunity to learn to select medical terms not only from dictionaries, but also from specialized texts in this field. Selection of terms related to cardiology, continuous sampling of specific literature, expansion of them, researchers, scientists, linguists who study the terms of medical terminology, especially cardiac terms, will further develop the knowledge skills of students who are interested in this field.
After analyzing the cardiology literature, we studied foreign language terms using the method of selection, and we noticed that the selected terms refer to the systematic development of various fields of cardiology terminology. Therefore, for our research, we have selected only well-organized lexical units that form the core of cardiology terminology and are included in dictionaries, and we will continue to study them from a scientific point of view. Complex composition is explained by the need to make concepts invisible, to be aware of professional objects and concepts in their essence, and to discover new aspects of the studied phenomena.
The analysis of the studied terms related to cardiology showed that many terms related to this field are represented by several groups, and we can look at them in tune: non-Latin term concepts and modern language term concepts.
Let's analyze the terms related to the field of heart, namely cardiology, in the synthetic language system of the Uzbek language, in addition to the Romano-Germanic languages. In it, grammatical changes occur within the word using the above-mentioned methods, and Uzbek belongs to analytical languages where grammatical changes are mainly expressed outside the word.
Derived terms include one-word lexical units formed on the basis of one or more forming bases with the help of word-forming affixes, that is, the formation of new one-word units is observed due to the addition of affixes borrowed from other languages to the basic base.
It is considered a productive way to discover new words, terms, expressions and concepts not only in medical terminology, but also in linguistics as a whole.
The cardiology in English and terms related to cardiology in Uzbek, we can emphasize our conclusions. For example: as a result of the experimental analysis of the corpus of the English language, it was possible to identify 28 prefixes that participate in the formation of almost 20% of the total number of single-component derived terms. The terminological possibilities in the English language are almost limitless. Another method of creating new terms is the suffixless method, which also occurs in cardiology. With this method of word formation, the transition from one part of speech to another is carried out without any additions. We also connected the
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constitutional method to the morphological method of term formation in the cardiology vocabulary. According to our analysis, the total number of English terms formed in this way is given in a very small percentage. We can analyze cardiology terms in languages other than English. For example, in the Uzbek language system, let's look at the formation of terms related to the heart.
Let's look at the word formation features of the terminological dictionary. The method of creating Uzbek affixed term can be very productive, but if we can use it correctly and widely in the system.
When we compare the advanced methods of forming cardiology terms in all languages of the world and compare the prefix methods of their formation, it is noticeable how productive the suffixes are in these languages. It was found that there are very few prefixed terms in the Uzbek language material. As for the method of forming new terms in cardiology in the Uzbek language, this method is explained by the structure of the language and turned out to be ineffective. If we differ from the total number of derived terms with fewer components of lexical units represented by nouns, this is a small percentage.
Unlike English cardiology terms, Uzbek terms have clear spelling rules or are combined and this does not cause serious spelling problems. It should be emphasized that the issue of establishing an orthographic standard for almost all terminologies, especially for cardiology, is of great importance.
As a result of the comparative analysis of the cardiology terms in English and Uzbek, which were formed using affixation, it was found that the affix method is a highly productive method of forming lexical units in both languages.
In the studied material, one can find many appendices with clear specialization of concepts: diseases, characteristics, operations, processes, etc.
However, according to our knowledge of linguists, foreign suffixes of Greek-Latin origin are generally preferred in the English cardiology vocabulary. The field of prefixation is widely represented in the terminology of both languages under study.
As with suffixes, English cardiology terminology uses only prefixes of Greco-Latin origin. In Uzbek cardiology terminology, we can create new terms by adding suffixes and lengthening words. However, the Uzbek language, showing a tendency to use its own language tools, accepted some of the pre-word prefixes using the counting principle, and some may not be accepted. The spiritual application of our adverbs in our applied languages resulted in such a result that when we summarize the medical terms used in the cardiovascular field, most of the front and back adverbs
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used in cardiology terminology are precisely with the strong location of the body organ.
It should be noted that the undoubted advantage of complex terms is their ability to structure and completeness of content at the same time. The systematic analysis of the English and Uzbek cardiology terms showed that in both terminological systems there are units whose structure consists of two bases, and this can cause different complications of the two languages.
In our research, we should emphasize that a certain part of the lexical units in the English cardiology terminology was formed by compression. This is because complex words and phrases are cumbersome and cumbersome, and any language tends to cram a lot of information into small language forms.
The formation of new words or cardiology terms affixation was found to be very effective in English and Uzbek languages. In general, the unaffixed method appeared to be a rare method in the terminological system studied, so we converted it to low scores. Cardiological terminology, that is, medical terms of the heart field, independently of each other, but with a common Greek-Latin base and a large percentage in terms of the number of terms formed in the same way.
Let's consider the construction features of multi-component terms on the example of cardiological terminology in the Uzbek language.
In our research model, multi-component cardiac terms with the number of components varying from two to six in the Uzbek language are rare. The percentage of multi-component terms in the Uzbek language material is small compared to the English sample.
The superiority of terminological phrases over terms confirmed our assumption that multicomponent lexemes are in high demand in the development of terminological systems, especially in cardiology.
Thus, as a result of the analysis of multi-component terms in English and Uzbek, the English language is characterized by more left placement of phrases, that is, defined words precede the reference word, defined words can be both adjectives, adjectives and nouns, including proper nouns.
Adjectives, nouns, including proper nouns and adjectives, also serve as reference words in Uzbek. As it can be seen from the given examples, the increase in the length of terminological phrases may cause some inconvenience in their use due to their fragmentation. These arguments and proofs give reason to believe that an increase in the number of components in terminological phrases leads to a decrease in
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their total number in the scientific text. This is proven by the example of a cardiology dictionary in English and Uzbek languages.
In the system of medical terminology, especially in cardiology, there are synonymous terms that are expressed using different linguistic means. Regulation and normalization of medical terminology is very necessary, and in addition to specialists of various medical profiles, philologists, dictionary editors, lexicographers should actively participate in this work. The role of lexicographic description of modern medical terminology is really great due to the constant process of learning from foreign languages and the birth of new terms. Lexicography helps to unify, organize the content of the system of terms, optimize terminology and choose the optimal form of the term. Based on the results of our scientific, theoretical and practical analysis and application of dictionaries related to cardiology, we will be able to create today's cardiology, as well as new rooms of terminology corresponding to this field (there is also a brief allusion in this part). Based on this, it can be assumed that the level of influence of the above-mentioned sources will be different for English and Uzbek languages. The periodical-etymological analysis of the old terms related to cardiology in foreign languages concluded that most of the studied cardiology terms are a series of words formed from Greek-Latin phrases or Latinized. Along with anatomical terms, this group also includes Greek-Latin elements that later formed new lexical combinations, new Latinisms.
The peculiarity of the extensive study of word formation methods in medical terminology and the mammoths of today's stage have the characteristic of creating a non-abstract system between the structures of linguistic terms that we know. Therefore, it is important to determine the data on which all parts of the selected or formed term appeared. As a result, the structure of the emergence of new words or terms is generally part of the linguistic experience, in almost all qualities of the doctrine of the order in which words and phrases are created and how they are made, but also in the analytical results obtained by humanity and the individual and introduced by him. it may be appropriate to clarify as categories of experience.
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Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology,
Pedagogy: a Problem and Solutions
Toshkent tibbiyot akademiyasi Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi:
muammo va yechimlar
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