CC BY
18
DOI 10.14526/01_1111_169
THE PECULIARITIES OF EXTERNAL RESPIRATION SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL ECONOMIZATION AMONG ACROBATS OF DIFFERENT QUALIFICATION
Anton Y. Zinchenko — postgraduate, Gaik D. Aleksanyants - doctor of medical sciences, professor,
Nikolay N. Pilyuk - doctor of pedagogics, professor Kuban State University of physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Budenny St., Building 161, Krasnodar, 350015, Russia
E-mail: acro9206@rambler.ru
Annotation. Sport of the highest achievements is characterized by the maximum indices of the training loads volume and intensity, at the same time, their further increase is restricted by functional opportunities of a person's organism. Material. Physiological indices of a respiratory system can be the means for the mechanisms of long-term adaptation of an organism formation during the process of going in for sports. A specific training load in sports acrobatics provides adaptive changes of natural intersystem interconnections regulation. The aim of the research is to study physiological peculiarities of the respiratory system adaptation among acrobats of different qualification. Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, Stange's test, the indices of external respiration analysis using diagnostic spiroanalyzer Spirolab MIR III (Italy), methods of mathematical statistics. Results. In the group of highly-qualified acrobats the indices of breathing frequency are validly low. There was a linear increase of the other index of external respiration economization -"breathing capacity" - with sports qualification increase. The change revelation of vegetative functions volume-time indices gives an opportunity to suppose the increase of functional economization among highly-qualified acrobats while going in for a chosen kind of sport. Conclusion. It is shown that with the increase of sports qualification of sportsmen-acrobats there is the development of functions economization, in particular, the increase of breathing capacity, which is directly connected with adaptation to the training load.
Keywords: sports acrobatics, respiratory system, hypoxic stability, sportsmen of different qualification.
Urgency. Nowadays for the sports of high achievements maximum indices of the training loads volume and intensity is typical, at the same time, their further increase is restricted by functional abilities of a person's organism [2, 10]. In this connection, important becomes the effectiveness increase of training a person's organism for a tense specific activity, which will help to increase the sphere of his adaptive transformations [5]. Some scientists [4;9] say, that physiological indices of respiratory system can be the means for the formation study of the mechanisms of long-term adaptation of an organism while going in for sports.
Knowing the laws of respiratory system functioning and the mechanisms of its adaptation to physical loads plays an important role in the practice of sports training. According to the theory of functions economization, a specific training load in sports acrobatics causes adaptive changes of natural intersystem interconnections regulation [7].
According to E.P.Gorbaneva [5], the mechanisms of respiration function adaptation to muscular work condition economization of respiratory system work by means of the volume of breath and lungs capacity increase and it gives an opportunity to preserve an optimal ventilatory minute volume in case of a
small frequency of respiration and also by means of oxygen capacity and skeletal muscles and other tissues abilities increase to utilize oxygen. E.V. Solkolov and other authors [1] during the process of their research works revealed the opportunity to increase the reserve abilities of the ventilating system using physical load of big and average capacity.
At the same time, scientific literature analysis shows insufficient study of the question concerning respiratory system functioning among sportsmen going in for acrobatics. This problem study will help to enlarge the notion of difficult coordinating exercises of speed-power character influence on the peculiarities of its activity while going in for sports acrobatics.
The aim of the research work is to study physiological peculiarities of respiratory system adaptation among acrobats of different qualification.
Research organization. Male acrobatic pairs took part in the research. Taking into consideration their qualification they were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n
- 24) included highly-qualified sportsmen (masters of sport and World-class athletes - the members of the national team of the Russian Federation and Krasnodar Region); group 2 (n
- 30) included sportsmen of mid qualification (Ist category and candidate masters). The age range of sportsmen was 17-21 years-old.
Observations were held on the basis of state budgetary establishment of Krasnodar region "Center of Sports training named after G.K. Kazandzhiev" and municipal budgetary educational establishment of children sports school additional education for children and teenagers №№1 in Krasnodar. In order to analyze the indices of external respiration diagnostic spiroanalyzer Spirolab MIR III (Italy) was used.
Measurements were held when the respondent was sitting. The height of the sit and mouthpiece situation was regulated for vertical body and head position preservation (during exhalation head and body had to be straight, neck not stretched-out).
During the research volume-time indices of a respiratory system- respiration rate (RR), tidal volume (TV) and their interconnection was studied. Also hypoxic resistance of an organism among acrobats was estimated with the help of Stange's test.
In order to provide a standard character of the research conditions all measurements were held since 9 till 12 o'clock (the first part of the day) with environment temperature 18-20°C. All studied parameters were registered the days when there were no training loads.
The research results were handled mathematically with the help of Student's coefficient.
Sportsmen took part in the research voluntarily, written informed consent was received.
Results and their discussion. As the
results of the held research works showed respiration rate (RR) decreases with the increase of sports qualification. In the group of highly-qualified acrobats this index was 14,6±0,7, which is validly lower, than among the sportsmen of mid qualification (17,5±0,6) (p < 0,05).
At the same time, there was a linear increase of other index of external perspiration economization - "tidal volume" (TV) with the increase of sports qualification, 718,5±67,4 in group 1 and 605,8±48,3 in group 2 (p < 0,05).
Correlation of volume-time indices of external respiration reflects efficiency of respiratory activity, as more favorable conditions for gaseous metabolism are created [8]. I.N. Solopov and other authors (2008) offered to use a special coefficient, which determines the ratio of tidal volume index to respiration rate index (TV/RR).
Estimating the coefficient, which compares volume-time indices of respiration among sportsmen-acrobats and showing the ratio of tidal volume value to the value of respiration rate, it was stated that with the increase of sportsmanship the respondents had the tendency for functional readiness increase (picture 1).
conventional units
Основной
Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной
Group 1
Group 2
Picture 1 - Parameter of comparison coefficient of volume-time respiration parameters among acrobats of different qualification (M±m)
The change revelation of vegetative functions volume-time indices gives an opportunity to suppose the increase of functional economization among highly-qualified acrobats while going in for a chosen kind of sport.
A person's ability to a long-term breath holding is mainly conditioned by his hypoxic resistance and proves great resources in his organism, the ability to use effectively inner
resources of oxygen and control their inflow into important organs. It also proves the ability of oxygen- alkaline system of a person's organism to resist acidulation and gives an estimation of his reserve anaerobic abilities. That is why hypoxic resistance is an integral index of functional readiness and steadiness [6] (picture 2).
Picture 2 - Parameters of hypoxic resistance among sportsmen of different qualification, who go in for sports acrobatics (M±m)
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Основной
Group 1
□ Row 1
□ Row 2
Group 2
The revealed values of hypoxic resistance, determined with the help of Stange's test, show the greatest increase of values among highly-qualified acrobats in comparison with the sportsmen with less qualified young men (t=3,96; p<0,01). It means that in case of sportsmanship increase because of adaptation to physical hypoxia the time of breath-holding also increases and that is why this index increase is considered as acrobats' physical readiness increase. Stange's test indices didn't reveal differences between the characteristics of acrobats from both groups.
Thus, for highly-qualified sportsmen-acrobats it is typical when the changes of respiratory ventilation decrease owing to quicker involvement of the leading systems of an organism during specific load. Sportsman's technical mastery increase develops efficiency, it means that during a typical physical load fulfillment (for a chosen kind of sport) sportsmen of high qualification spend energy more economically, in particular tidal volume increase, which is directly connected with adaptation to the training load. Economization increase of an organism functioning of sportsmen-acrobats should provide
considerable increase of physical working capacity and then- sports result achievement.
All mentioned above helps to come to the conclusion about adaptive peculiarities of external respiration system among sportsmen-acrobats in case of specific physical loads and about hypoxic resistance improvement of a sportsman's organism with the increase of his sports qualification.
References
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Anton Y. Zinchenko — postgraduate, Kuban State University of physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Budenny St., Building 161, Krasnodar, 350015, Russia
Gaik D. Aleksanyants - doctor of medical sciences, professor, Kuban State University of physical
Culture, Sport and Tourism, Budenny St., Building 161, Krasnodar, 350015, Russia
Nikolay N. Pilyuk - doctor ofpedagogics, professor, Kuban State University of Physical Culture,
Sport and Tourism, Budenny St., Building 161, Krasnodar, 350015, Russia, E-mail:
acro9206@rambler.ru
