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16AGRICULTURE
THE MAIN WAYS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURE BY INVESTING INNOVATIONS
Durmanov A. Sh., Yangibayev D. G., Muratov K. G.
Tashkent State Agricultural University, Republic of Uzbekistan
Abstract. Currently, the world market sets conditions that force agriculture in Uzbekistan to come to innovative type of development to improve its competitiveness. This paper reviews some reasons of the lag in technical development of some Uzbekistan producers, analyzes the specialties of the innovative development of the agriculture in Uzbekistan and also proposes some possible ways of the innovative development of the agriculture.
Keywords: Innovative development, agriculture in Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan agro-industrial complex, state support.
In modern conditions formation of high-tech innovation economy is becoming a condition for long-term and sustained improvements in the efficiency of sub-sector and production complex (AIC). Innovative activity in the agricultural sector of developed countries is currently being implemented in the direction of complex automation and computer controlling of farm production, introduction of systematic resources of energy saving technologies, accelerated renewal of agricultural machinery, which causes the reducing the cost of agricultural production, increase productivity of employment and it's conditions, finally, increase the level of competitiveness and socio-economical efficiency of agricultural production in whole.
The most pressing direction of formation innovative processes of agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan is complex mechanization, electrification and chemical control of production; soil melioration; implementation of intensive, resource saving technologies; creating heavy crop, immune and highly effective sorts of agriculture; development of live stock breeds that have complex valuable biological and economical qualities; biotechnology; deepening and strengthening the concentration of productivity; improving the forms of organization and motivation high productivity of labor; development of new forms of privatization and ownership; integration agriculture with the other sectors of economy.
When considering the category "Innovation" in the narrow sense a principal moment shows the positive influence of competitiveness agricultural products, which ensures the commercial success of the enterprise, increasing economical efficiency of its further work.
Author recommends classification of innovations in agricultural sector on a number of quite significant standpoints of practical organizations and implementations innovative activity (table 1). Together with it, pointed indication (except the first) not given in special literature.
Principally introduced the classification of innovations depending on their generated social efficiency. In most cases of innovations and innovations in agriculture especially bring positive social effect. However, in some individual cases may show negative common consequences, associated with the reduction of personnel of enterprises of agriculture, environmental threats, etc. In this case destructive innovations take place - for minimizing risks and leveling of possible negative impacts (for example: the rapid employment realized personnel from agricultural enterprises) needs present state control for realizing innovative activity in different enterprises. Furthermore, Table 1 introduces the term "quasi innovation", which means effectually understanding the process, which has the innovation forms, but following the different goals - mainly "Reclamation" of agricultural resources as a rule of budget designated for innovations.
Table 1 Offered innovation classification in agricultural sector
Classification indication Innovation types
The direction of innovative activity - selective-genetic; - technic-technical; - organization-controlling; - socio-economical.
Branch integration of innovative process - innovations, concentrated only on agricultural enterprises; - innovations, touching upon functioning contiguity branches of economics (food manufacture, production of agricultural machinery and so on)
Technological directivity of innovations - innovations, non touching process of productivity of agricultural products ( primary innovations) - innovations, concerning the production service, more rational implementation of agricultural waste and itc. (secondary innovations)
Need for additional resources - innovations, demanding additional material resources; - innovations, realized without additional materials resources ( for example: technology of "careful production")
Social effect - social constructive innovations; - social destructive innovations; - quasi innovations.
Method of complex evaluation of efficiency of innovative activity of agricultural enterprises, based on standard system indicators, includes following steps:
1. Foundation of optimal correlation tempo of growth economical indicators, characterizing different aspects of innovative activities in agriculture sector. Following step, as mentioned before, has principal meaning. If the correlation of indicators of innovation activity are not indicated properly from the beginning, further practical implementation of methodics is problematic. For these reason, we should mention that the correlation of indicators of innovative activity is not forever - it depends on the level of live cycle, in which the enterprise or the agriculture of the region is in, existing goals and priorities of strategic development and other factors.
2. Calculations of factual tempos of change and economical indicators, characterized different aspects of efficiency innovations in agriculture, for the measured period. This type of calculation based on official statistical facts of development of the region.
3. Calculations of factual distribution of tempos of growth indicators, included into the methodics of complex evaluation efficiency of innovations in agriculture, concerning their correlation.
4. Formulation of results concerning the size and dynamics of complex efficiency of innovations in agricultural enterprises. Indicators of efficiency is measured in diapason from 0% to 100%. As the efficiency meaning closer to 100%, so the factual distribution of tempo growth indicators of economical indicators are clear, used in methodics, to recommended ones and so the efficiency of innovations of observed object. Furthermore, efficiency advisably evaluating dynamics, for the number of measured periods, with the goal of identification tendency variation.
5. Identification of reserves of increasing the level of efficiency of innovations in agriculture. Reserves of increasing the level economical efficiency can be indicated on the base of evaluation of that, showing inversion methods in maximal. Of course, ideality requires improvement of all the branches in the direction of innovation activities in agriculture.
However, in practice with estimate limitation private source financial innovation enterprises in agriculture, furthermore, sufficiency budget ways, divided into the following purposes needs to concentrate, enhance directions rising efficiency innovation activities, which helps to realize the methodics.
6. Implementation on recommendation for increasing the efficiency of the process of innovation activity in agriculture.
These kind of recommendations must have increase the corresponding facts and recommending distribution of tempos of growth, including in comparison of methods.
Investigation temps changes of showing methodics complex evaluation effectiveness innovation activities in a agriculture shown in table.
WORLD SCIENCE
№ 4(4), Vol.4, December 2015 67
The whole recommendation of methodics allows complex, systematically, based on wide production and financial indicators, quality evaluate the level of effectiveness of innovation activity investigation in agricultural system and work out scientific basis of recommendation on its accomplishment indicators.
Table 2_
Indicators
_Recommended correlation of growth tempo_
_1. Effigy of innovation production_
_2. investment of innovation_
_3. invest (the whole)_
_4. Pure profit_
_5. Gross domestic profit_
_6. Effigy of manufacturing_
_7. Quantity of manufacturing personnel in agriculture_
_8. Number of personal in agriculture_
Recommended relation to tempos of growth indication including supposed method evaluation effectiveness of innovation activities in agriculture.
In such way of important reserves increasing in effectiveness innovation activities in agriculture corresponds with methods in activation of investigation activities correlation diversification, source of financial investment, budget resources of different level, exemption credits leasing activation of fundamental and introduction of leading technological automation computerizing agricultural production. Besides that in system of government management innovation creation special investigation groups - as temporary and as contemporary. Main purpose of activities - temporary development and improvement methodical and organizational base of function regional innovation system of progress agriculture based on selection criteria of innovation projects.
From the point of view regional innovation system in our opinion may be rather effective in case of existence of temporary changes right privately, for changes of the market innovation. So, the existence of many factors, obstructing innovation development of Uzbekistan on measured system of governments support, these negative factors successfully realized. Practice observations of EU and the USA on the base of successfully development MAP countries consist of government support of agrarian sector. That' why development of MAP in Uzbekistan and its innovation progress government has to engage in appropriate way.
NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RABBIT MEAT
Ruleva T. A.
Candidate of Technical Science, Associate Professor Sarbatova N. Yu.,
Shebela K. Yu.
Russia, Krasnodar city, Kubansky State Agricultural University.
Abstract. Production of rabbit is a promising branch of animal husbandry. Rabbit meat is a dietary product, because it contains little fat, connective tissue, cholesterol, and sodium salts. Rabbit meat is rich in protein, iron, phosphorus, cobalt, vitamins PP, C, B6, B12, is close-grained and has a high digestibility. Rabbit meat retains its taste and nutritional advantages not only fresh, but also in smoked and canned forms. According to research, rabbit serves as a valuable food product for the manufacture of semi-finished products, pates, soups, sausages and corned beef.
Food prepared from rabbit meat, is not only of high nutritional value, but also has the taste of qualities, tender and juicy texture. A large variety of dishes can be made of rabbit meat. Having given the biological value of rabbit meat, nutritionists advise to include it on the menu for people at any age. It is useful for children as a source of protein for the growing organism; for older people as a nutritious and easily digestible product; for women, who are recovering, as meat; for men as a valuable protein to support muscles in sport training.
