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THE ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF FOLK AND APPLIED ART OF UZBEKISTAN AND CENTRAL ASIA Azimov S.S.1, Sobirov T.R.2, Badiev MM.3, Avliyakulov Ы.М.4 (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: Azimov458@scientifictext.ru
1Azimov Sanjar Samadovich — Senior Lecturer; 2Sobirov Tolib Ruzievich — Professor;
3Badiev Makhmud Marufovich — Docent;
4Avliyakulov Muzaffar Mukhammedovich — Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS AND ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, FACULTY ARTVISION, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in the decorative arts, beauty is of decisive and paramount importance. In some cases, decorative items have no utilitarian use. Their purpose is different — to decorate the room, to create a colorful, decorative accent in it. These include: table or floor vases, carpets, tapestries, screens, and just beautiful things that serve as objects of decoration. So far we admire inspired beauty Gijduvan ceramics of Rishtan, lovingly decorated with Golden patterns and ornaments art gold embroidery of Bukhara, intricate script patterns of the Cooper art, white ganch gold Fund embroidery... by painting. Keywords: furniture, lace, dishes, decorations, toys.
СУТЬ И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ НАРОДНОГО И ПРИКЛАДНОГО ИСКУССТВА УЗБЕКИСТАНА И ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ Азимов С.С.1, Собиров Т.Р.2, Бадиев М.М.3, Авлиякулов М.М.4 (Республика Узбекистан)
1Азимов Санжар Самадович — старший преподаватель;
2Собиров Толиб Рузиевич — профессор;
3Бадиев Махмуд Маруфович — доцент;
4АвлиякуловМузаффар Мухаммедович — старший преподаватель, кафедра изобразительного искусства и инженерной графики, факультет искусствоведения, Бухарский государственный университет, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в этой статье расматривается красота предмета прикладного искусства, который имеет ряд особенностей. В частности, он связан с использованием, но при этом направлен не столько на подчеркивание и раскрытие полезности вещи, сколько на создание целостного эстетически выразительного образа. При этом следует подчеркнуть, что красота предметов прикладного искусства всегда имеет определенные социальные особенности и несет эстетические признаки времени и места их изготовления, особенностей национальной культуры и возраста. Предметы прикладного искусства обычно отражают запросы моды и колебания общественного вкуса, вызванные различными социальными, эстетическими и многими другими причинами. Ключевые слова: мебель, кружево, посуда, украшения, игрушки.
UDC 398
Decorative and applied art, as one of the types of fine art, is a specific reflection of reality, a specific form of public consciousness. A common feature inherent in all types of art, including decorative and applied art - is the reflection of life in artistic images, that is, the aesthetic reflection of reality.
According to its content, decorative and applied art is a type of art, the works of which are objects that have certain artistic and aesthetic properties, but at the same time have a direct practical purpose in everyday life, work, or are specially designed to decorate homes, architectural structures, streets, squares, parks, etc. In the works of decorative and applied art, functional, structural features (strength, economy) and aesthetic properties (beauty, artistic image, etc.) are organically merged.
The main functions of decorative and applied art are to be a means of knowledge; to transform the world; to be an educator of moral and aesthetic ideals, to form the human personality itself.
The roots of the origin of decorative and applied art go back centuries. This is one of the most ancient forms of art. It was born at the dawn of human history, when primitive man in the struggle for existence, for the first time making the necessary household items for life, invested in them not only
physical strength, but also spiritual, creative, artistic abilities, that is, he began to "create according to the laws of beauty". However, this art form finally developed after the separation of crafts into an independent branch of production.
Folk craftsmen have remained faithful keepers of the wonderful traditions of ancient decorative and applied art to this day. It is no accident that the works created by them serve as a model for the mass production of these products.
In the art history literature, works of decorative and applied art are usually distinguished by the type of created products (furniture, lace, tableware, jewelry, toys, etc.), by the material from which the product is created (artistic metal, artistic wood processing, artistic glass, lacquer, porcelain, bronze, ceramics, gypsum, stone, etc.), by the technique of processing the material (artistic carving, painting, embossing, artistic casting, etc.).
Before considering the role and place of folk decorative and applied art in the system of other types of art, it is necessary to reveal and justify the concept of "Folk decorative and applied art"from the standpoint of the modern day. This is required by the research methodology and the specifics of the system of professional, aesthetic and artistic training of the future teacher of fine arts.
Folk art is a complex and multi-layered art of everyday life. It was born in the distant primeval times. People tried to make their necessary things for everyday life - pitchers, dresses, benches, tools, etc., not only the most comfortable and durable, but also to express their artistic tastes and desire for beauty in them. One example is an earthenware jug, the shapes and outlines of which are not only convenient for its practical use as a vessel in which food is cooked over a fire, but also aesthetically proportionate, attractive for their elegance, proportionality. These forms of the jug, its proportions, outlines were worked out and improved for many centuries. Greek ceramic vases are also a remarkable example of the same ancient folk design. Moreover, depending on the specific functional orientation of a particular purpose, they were of several types: an amphora served to store wine in the ground, a hydra-to carry water on the shoulder, a leclerc-to store oil, a cilic - to drink from it, etc. Over time, these necessary and convenient objects in everyday life began to be decorated - they were painted with ornaments, drawings, colored stripes, circles. And gradually, from items simply necessary in everyday life, they turned into works of folk art, and at the same time applied art. So far we admire inspired beauty Gijduvan ceramics of Rishtan, lovingly decorated with Golden patterns and ornaments art gold embroidery of Bukhara, intricate script patterns of the Cooper art, white ganch gold Fund embroidery... by painting. Each locality, each traditional center of folk crafts is characterized by its own traditional patterns, its own ornaments, its own special objects - its own original visual creativity.
Applied arts are objects that a person meets with in everyday life on a daily basis. Applied arts include clothing, furniture, and tableware. In all these objects, beauty and utility are balanced. As a rule, objects of applied art have, in addition to expressive proportions, silhouette, color coloring, and any decorations.
The beauty of applied art objects has a number of features. In particular, it is associated with the use, but at the same time it is aimed not so much at emphasizing and revealing the usefulness of the thing, but at creating a holistic, aesthetically expressive image. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the beauty of applied art objects always has certain social features and bears aesthetic signs of the time and place of its manufacture, features of national culture and age. Objects of applied art usually reflect the demands of fashion and the fluctuations of public taste generated by various social, aesthetic and many other reasons.
In the decorative arts, beauty is of decisive and paramount importance. In some cases, decorative items have no utilitarian use. Their purpose is different - to decorate the room, to create a colorful, decorative accent in it. These include: table or floor vases, carpets, tapestries, screens, and just beautiful things that serve as objects of decoration.
An artist working in the fields of folk art, unlike an artist working in the field of decorative art, is not free to choose forms, ornaments, ornaments, and materials for his works. He must create in line with the traditions, looking back at the centuries-old artistic canon that has developed among the people, prescribing a certain construction of the ornament, the use of certain materials: wood, stone, metal, bone, ceramics, baked clay, fabric, etc. All this imposes certain laws of creativity, turns it into a genuine folk art-the carrier of the traditions of the artistic worldview of the people, the guardian of their taste [1-30].
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