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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
Dvoeglazova A. A.
Sapranco, D. S.
Kuzbass State Technical University named after TF Gorbachev
Kemerovo
THE ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER OF THE COAL-MINING REGION
Modern Leninsk-Kuznetsk - one of the centers of the coal industry of Kuzbass, it is very good on the economic side, and from the ecology could not be worse . The main contribution to the deterioration of the ecological situation is made by enterprises of the coal industry . On the territory of Leninsk-Kuznetsk 5 operating mines, of which the ecological situation is unfavourable .
Environmental problems in coal-producing region can be judged by the following directions:
1)Activities focused on reducing wastewater discharges and its clear-ku.
2)the Number of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during coal storage in open warehouses.
3) Activities aimed at the rational use of the breed.
4)Activities aimed at land reclamation.
These criteria assess the ecological situation not chosen by chance because:
1) Pollution of water bodies. The leading artery of the city, the river Inya, over the last few years has changed to no recognition is connected with development of coal place of birth, accompanied by large industrial discharges into the river, and with a fence of water for technological needs. This entailed, first and foremost, a significant shallowing of the river, and fish stocks, which were great , now the minimum . A similar fate affected many of the reservoirs of the city, near which are located the coal production.
2) environmental Pollution in the process of storing coal in the open folding-Dah. The mine affect air quality. During unloading the load of coal and store it in a warehouse in atmospheric air is discharged coal dust which in the following is posted at a considerable distance, because of this, Leninsk-Kuznechnoe are forced to breathe coal dust living far from the stores of coal.
3) Dump the rocks. The coal mines along with coal-produced a large number of species . A significant impact on the environment have a breed that is a fertile land for dumps , significantly contribute to the violation of the natural landscape of the earth's surface . It is estimated that every thousand tons of underground mining is accompanied by the results on the surface of 110-150 m3 rock.
4) Reclamation of land. Coal mining is accompanied by enormous environmental damage . 1 million tons of coal mined is lost 36 hectares of fertile land. Currently the main problem for Leninsk-Kuznetskiy should be considered the revival and restoration of the ecological and economic value of disturbed lands due to mining activities.
Thus the activities of the mines has a direct impact on the atmosphere-ru, biosphere and hydrosphere that may entail irreparable consequences for the ecology of the area. A bad environment negatively affects the health of citizens, the frequent evidence of cancer, asthma, allergies, and many other diseases.
References:
1. ECO-Bulletin InEcA No. 4 (129), July-August 2008 [Electronic resource]. http: //www.ineca.ru/?dr=bulletin/arhiv/0129&p g=013
2. Industrial ecology [Electronic resource]. : http: //www.alfar.ru/smart/1/954/
Dvoeglazova A. A.
Sapranco D. S.
Kuzbass State Technical University named after TF Gorbachev
Kemerovo
TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING HUMIC SUBSTANCES
The reason of interest to GW - they have a variety of specificing properties, which opens possibilities for their wide practical use in many branches of industry. For example, the GW used for the production of biologically active additives (BAA), dyes for wood, cardboard and paper technical, reagents for regulating the rheological properties of aqueous suspensions and solutions (for drilling, construction ceramics, the preparation of water-coal fuel). In addition, the GW used in environmental protection, for purification of soils from oil pollution, for wastewater treatment from heavy and radioactive metals [1, 2].
GW are contained in large quantities in peat, brown coal, oxidized and weathered coals. In the Kuzbass region of lignite reserves 11734 thousand tons tisul, Kemerovo region. It should be noted that at present the priority direction of development of the Kemerovo region is the deep processing of coal and waste coal in non-fuel products. So getting from brown coal, oxidized and weathered coals GW significantly as economic and environmental.
Scientists of the centre developed a universal experimental-industrial stand, which is practiced technology of obtaining experimental batches of products from peat and low-grade coals. The stand includes a block extraction processing of coal and allocation of mineral wax and bitumen, the receiving block humatic drugs, pyrolytic unit for simulation and study of processes for the production of coke and carbon materials from coals, autoclave installation for carrying out experiments at elevated pressures and developments of surface-active substances, etc. Created stand humates possible to get both in liquid and in granular form.
It should be noted that the created the stand for the first time managed to modify and extract the raw material in one step at mild process conditions (temperature up to 120 0 C, atmospheric pressure), eliminating thermal destruction of the target products. The result of the mechano-activation processing of the output of the water-soluble sodium salts of humic acids increased to 90 %. This effect is explained by the shock-shear effects, accompanied by the destruction and disordering of the structure of brown coal. The resulting new structure of the group of surface active and interact with the surrounding molecules, which
