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Thus the activities of the mines has a direct impact on the atmosphere-ru, biosphere and hydrosphere that may entail irreparable consequences for the ecology of the area. A bad environment negatively affects the health of citizens, the frequent evidence of cancer, asthma, allergies, and many other diseases.
References:
1. ECO-Bulletin InEcA No. 4 (129), July-August 2008 [Electronic resource]. http: //www.ineca.ru/?dr=bulletin/arhiv/0129&p g=013
2. Industrial ecology [Electronic resource]. : http: //www.alfar.ru/smart/1/954/
Dvoeglazova A. A.
Sapranco D. S.
Kuzbass State Technical University named after TF Gorbachev
Kemerovo
TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING HUMIC SUBSTANCES
The reason of interest to GW - they have a variety of specificing properties, which opens possibilities for their wide practical use in many branches of industry. For example, the GW used for the production of biologically active additives (BAA), dyes for wood, cardboard and paper technical, reagents for regulating the rheological properties of aqueous suspensions and solutions (for drilling, construction ceramics, the preparation of water-coal fuel). In addition, the GW used in environmental protection, for purification of soils from oil pollution, for wastewater treatment from heavy and radioactive metals [1, 2].
GW are contained in large quantities in peat, brown coal, oxidized and weathered coals. In the Kuzbass region of lignite reserves 11734 thousand tons tisul, Kemerovo region. It should be noted that at present the priority direction of development of the Kemerovo region is the deep processing of coal and waste coal in non-fuel products. So getting from brown coal, oxidized and weathered coals GW significantly as economic and environmental.
Scientists of the centre developed a universal experimental-industrial stand, which is practiced technology of obtaining experimental batches of products from peat and low-grade coals. The stand includes a block extraction processing of coal and allocation of mineral wax and bitumen, the receiving block humatic drugs, pyrolytic unit for simulation and study of processes for the production of coke and carbon materials from coals, autoclave installation for carrying out experiments at elevated pressures and developments of surface-active substances, etc. Created stand humates possible to get both in liquid and in granular form.
It should be noted that the created the stand for the first time managed to modify and extract the raw material in one step at mild process conditions (temperature up to 120 0 C, atmospheric pressure), eliminating thermal destruction of the target products. The result of the mechano-activation processing of the output of the water-soluble sodium salts of humic acids increased to 90 %. This effect is explained by the shock-shear effects, accompanied by the destruction and disordering of the structure of brown coal. The resulting new structure of the group of surface active and interact with the surrounding molecules, which
ultimately increases the yield and facilitates the provision of end products. In the process of mechano-activation processing, the size of the coal particles is reduced from 500 ^m to 5 ^m, while the Pro also comes opening previously not available to contact the micropores from which to retrieve additional active humic substances capable of reacting with sodium hydroxide, thereby increasing yield water soluble sodium salts of humic acids.
In addition, the center is working to improve the efficiency of the extraction processing of brown coals and peat by means of their chemical modification by alkylation. The result is alkylation of the organic mass of coal is saturated with hydrogen during pyrolysis or thermal liquefaction yields products with a high content of hydrogen that is important in terms of production of liquid fuel fractions [4,5]. Physico-chemical characteristics obtained from the alkylated coal wax is a high quality product comparable to the various brands of etherification or vegetable (Carnauba) wax. It should be noted that traditionally in the industry esterified waxes obtained by sequential processing of crude mineral wax.
Based on numerous studies confirmed in modern devices, the Kuzbass scientists are working on creating models of "structure - properties". That is, the properties of the original sample pomatostomidae of the material can be the judge of how to get out of it humates and what they have the properties and to make certain predictions regarding their use.
References:
1. Purygin, p. P., Humic acids: their isolation, structure and application in biology, chemistry and medicine. / P. p. Purygin, I. A. Potapova, D. V. Vorob'ev // the Samara state medical University [Electronic resource]. Mode of access: http://www.sworld.com.ua/simpoz3/92.pdf outdoor (accessed 23.03.2014)
2. Perminova, I. V. Humic substances - a challenge to chemists XXI century [Text] / I. V. Perminova // Chemistry and life 2008 no. 1.- P. 50-55.
3. Zherebtsov, S. I. Alkylation of coal and peat by alcohols [Text] / S. I. Zherebtsov, Ismagilov Z. R. // solid fuel Chemistry in 2012.- No. 4. - From 39 to 53.
4. Zherebtsov, S. I. Sorption of copper cations from aqueous solutions of brown coals and humic acids [Text] // Chemistry of solid fuel 2015.- No. 5. With 3-39.
Sapranco D. S.
Dvoeglazova A. A.
Kuzbass State Technical University named after TF Gorbachev
Kemerovo
ANALYSIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS OF RUSSIA
Soil - the loose surface layer of the earth's crust, formed as a result of prolonged exposure on the lithosphere, the atmosphere, water, animals and plants. The soil consists of well - defined layers of soil horizons differing in structure and color. Soil condition, soil is essential for assessing the ecological condition of a particular region, as the soils are triple interest: as the initial link in the food chains as an integral indicator of the ecological state of the environment and as a source
