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0УДК 81
Esenmadova A.D.
candidate of philological sciences, senior lecturer of the department of Turkmen language. Magtymguly Turkmen State University (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TURKIC LINGUISTICS DUE TO THE APPEARANCE OF THE TURKIC STATES IN THE MEDIEVAL AGES
Аннотация: Middle Turkic period begins with the collapse of the Arab Caliphate. From that time, social life in Central Asia began to change, economy, culture, and science began to develop. A number of factors led to the gradual disintegration of the Arab caliphate and its eventual collapse. With its dissolution and complete dissolution, the necessary conditions for the development of economy, culture and science are created. Observatories are being created in many places, in Baghdad, Khorezm, and Merv.
Ключевые слова: grammar, syntax, vocabulary, middle Turkic period, Central Asia, science, achievements, language, dialect.
According to a historical source, the beginning of the 10th century Baghdad was "...in a state of decline in political and cultural life. The rebellion of the Zikhs in the south of the country, the actions of the Shiites in Iraq and Iran, the Ismailis and the Karmats in Bahrain and Egypt, the protests for independence in different regions of the caliphate... had a great impact on the life of Baghdad. During this period, the influence of the clergy on the political and cultural life of the country increased. Books written by progressive scholars were publicly burned (8, 78).
According to another historical source, "The Arab caliphate faced a process of gradual political disintegration during the 9th century and the first half of the 10th century... The caliphate was in danger of complete disintegration. Until then, the
former volunteer army units formed from the Arab tribes "Instead of that army, a permanent guard was created from young slaves. The young slaves from the original Turkic tribes were bought from Kazakhstan. It soon became a great power instead, they started to create other caliphs according to their wishes. From the 60s of the 10th century, the caliphs were transformed into puppet caliphs who acted according to the will of their own personal guards" (11, 119, 4, 25-26). As a result of the worsening and weakening of the political situation, the Arab caliphate completely disintegrated. However, from the beginning of the 9th century, "individual territories separated from the caliphate, and new dynasties and states emerged that ensured their relative independence" ( 8, 26). Khorasan (capital Merv) was separated from the caliphate around the beginning of the 9th century.
After liberation from Arab rule, the social structure in Central Asia and other countries has changed. Favorable conditions have been created for their flourishing. In the territories belonging to Iran and Central Asia, several new independent states, namely Tahyry, Samany, Garahanly, Ghaznaly states, and the Seljuk state were formed in the second half of the 11th century. The first feudal state of the Samani (or Samanit) Persian dynasty was formed. This state was subordinated to Khorasan governorate. Merv was the capital of Khorasan, and Bukhara was the capital of the Samani state (28, 250).
At the end of the 10th century, the Samani state was disintegrated as a result of internal conflicts, conflicts, and invasions of its northern neighbors - the Karaks and the Uyghurs. After that, two Turkish states were formed - Garahanly and Ghaznaly states. In 999, the Garahan dynasty or the Garahan state was established in Central Asia and East Turkestan. Its first central city was Balasagun. A little later, the Ghaznali state arose in the western part of Central Asia. Its capital was Ghazna. Iran, Afghanistan, and the north of India were subordinated to him (4, 6). Turkic-speaking and Iranian-speaking tribes lived in the countries under the control of the above-mentioned Turkic states (Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, northern India).
Before the Mongol invasion, the above-mentioned states were not threatened either from the east or from the west. Such a situation, i.e., the formation of independent
states and their peaceful existence in the 19th-12th centuries, created favorable conditions for the development of the economy, culture, and science of the Central Asian nations at a higher level.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Abulgazi. Genealogical History. Ashgabat, 1992;
2. Al Faraby. О разуме и науке. Alma-Ata, Nauka, 1975;
3. Gullaev N. Antiquities. Ashgabat, 1986;
4. Gumilev L. N. Ancient Turks. M., 1967;
5. Old Turkic dictionary. L., 1969
