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5THE CURRENT STATE OF EXTRACTION OF BLOCK STONE FROM STRONG
ROCKS Bukayeva A.Z.
Bukayeva Amina Zakharovna - Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, CASPIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER SH. ESENOV,
AKTAU, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the article presents the results of the analysis of the production and consumption of natural stone in the world. The main characteristics of natural stone, the need to use special methods in its production and transportation are shown.
Keywords: production, consumption, natural stone, granite, production of rocks.
UDC 622.236.32
Granite has proved to be one of the most reliable and aesthetic building materials. For many centuries, this massive and at the same time elegant natural stone has been widely used in the cladding of buildings, facade and basement works, flooring. Granite is also indispensable as a decorative stone, being a favorite material for the manufacture of exquisite interior elements. The best masters of the world have created and are creating amazing works of art from it.
The uneven distribution of deposits around the world has led to the fact that in some countries the extraction of stone and the production of finishing materials from it is one of the serious income items (for example, Spain, Portugal, Brazil), while in others there is practically no stone suitable for use in decoration. However, today it is not necessary to have your own field within the borders of your country. For successful development in the market of natural stone finishing materials, it is enough to have the reputation of a "supplier with a long history of stone extraction and processing".
The development of facing stone deposits is distinguished by a number of specific features that make it possible to distinguish this kind of quarry into a special group of mining enterprises. These features, as N.V. Melnikov notes [1], are:
- the need to preserve its main quality indicators (i.e. strength, blockiness and decorative properties) in the process of stone extraction;
- the use of special methods for separating stone blocks from the face, loading them, transporting and lifting them from the quarry;
- the use of special variants of development systems and methods of opening deposits.
Of great importance in the organization of work in the quarry is the knowledge of the anisotropy of the structure of the array, which should be taken into account when choosing methods and directions of development. The anisotropy of the structure of the massifs is noted in granites [2], which facilitates the splitting of the stone in certain directions.
The requirements imposed by the facing stone industry to obtain large non-cracked blocks necessitates special methods of development.
In the last years of the new millennium, an example of the "stunning" development of the stone industry in countries such as China, India, Turkey, Iran, Brazil is shown.
The above indicates the high competitiveness of natural stone. Its attractiveness lies, first of all, in its natural high decorative value and durability. As experience shows, due to the durability of the stone and its competent use, the cost of operating buildings and adjacent territories is reduced by 5-8 times compared with the use of stone imitations. In 2008 - 2009 there was a reduction in production and processing volumes due to the crisis, and in 2013 the market almost recovered.
It should be noted that the use of stone is not limited to these indicators. Currently, in Russia and abroad, landscape, wall, ornamental, building stone, microcalcite, marble chips and others are mined and widely used [3,4].
The way out of this situation is an intensive increase in the production potential of Kazakhstani enterprises for the extraction and processing of natural stone. To do this, it is necessary to build new enterprises, re-equip and reconstruct existing factories and quarries, and most importantly - to increase production efficiency, both at existing and under construction enterprises.
References
1. Sinel'nikov O.B. Dobycha prirodnogo oblicovochnogo kamnya. M.: Izd-vo RASKHN, 2005. 244 s.
2. Bakka I.T., Il'chenko I.V. Oblicovochnyj kamen'. Geologo-promyshlennaya i tekhnologicheskaya ocenka
mestorozhdenij. M.: Nedra, 1992. 302 s.
3. Dubrovskij A.B., Ulyakov M.S. Vybor oborudovaniya pri razrabotke Nizhne-Sanarskogo mestorozhdeniya granodioritov // Gornyj zhurnal, 2011. № 5. S. 67-70.
4. Chirkov A.S. Dobycha i pererabotka stroitel'nyh gornyh porod. M.: Izd-vo Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta, 2001. 623 s.
