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20
Rakhimov Shavkat Turdimurotovich, Senior teacher,
Tashkent institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: raximov.12081979@mail.ru
RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN MANUFACTURING OF LAYER MIXTURES BASED ON WASTE INDUSTRY
Abstract: the article presents optimal compositions and properties of filling mixes using sand of empty rock, waste processing of marble and slags of copper smelting production.
Keywords: filling mixtures; industrial wastes; sand of an empty rock; marble processing waste; fly ash; slags copper smelting production.
Introduction
Modern development of construction is closely connected with the development and implementation of energy and resource-saving technologies for the production of building materials for different purposes.
In recent years in the mining industry, interest in the problem of the development of ore deposits by systems with the laying of worked-out space has increased. The desire to increase the extraction of minerals from the subsoil, necessity to preserve in some cases the surface or overlying strata over aquifers, and to increase the intensity and safety of mining operations, were the reasons for the rapid development of systems with a laying on local and foreign mines [1, 35-37].
However, application area of the systems with the
laying of the worked-out space is not limited only by technical necessity. There are certain mining and geological conditions for the exploitation of fields, in which even with the current level of technology and production technology, the systems with a laying are economically most profitable for the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In Russia, the Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and other countries, the waste generated in the extraction of marble and granite slabs is used to produce crushed stone, rubble stone, marble chips and flour, artificial mosaic slabs, various wall materials, fine aggregate for mortars and concretes [2, 66-71].
In the production activity of Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant waste is generated, which must be utilized of and created special dumps for their storage. Transportation of waste and their storage significantly
affects the cost of mining of ore materials and finished products. At the same time, important issues concern the protection of the environment and the alienation of dozens of acres of arable land to create dumps.
The long-term scientific and technical cooperation of the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant with the Tashkent Institute of Architectural and Civil Engineering in resolving the issue of the rational use of the plant's waste for use in mortar mixes over two decades has made it possible to make significant progress in solving this problem. At present, in connection with the completion of the marble quarry, a problem has arisen to provide the plant with raw materials for the preparation of filling mixes [3, 10-14].
Objects and methods of research. For the development of new optimal compositions of filling mixtures, the following types of waste generated at the plant itself were selected and studied:
- sand of an empty rock, obtained at a crushing plant at the Kauldy mine after extraction of minerals. Limit size of sand is 5 mm;
- copper smelting waste;
- waste processing of marble formed from the activity of the marble workshop of the plant. This additive is used as a plasticizing and reducing abrasive properties of gritty sand, since transportation of filling mixes is carried out through pipes to the place of packing in the worked out space.
It should be noted that the sand of waste rock, copper smelting waste and marble processing waste do not require additional processing and are applied in a natural way.
Section 11. Technical science
Purpose of the task. The development of optimal mixtures of filling mixtures was carried out using the mathematical method of experiment planning, which was verified by the calculation and experimental method, with further refinement in the preparation of trial mixtures in laboratory conditions with the testing of the actual rheological and physico-mechanical characteristics of the filling mixtures and solidified samples [4, 232-242].
Table 1.- Optimum compositions sand of an empty rock
The test procedure for samples of cube-filling mixes on the basis of waste with dimensions of the faces of 7 and 10 cm corresponded to the requirements of the codes GOST 10180-2012 "Testing hardened concrete" required for ordinary mortars. The test period for the sample cubes was 28 days. Results of the study. The results of testing of filling mixtures using waste grit sand, marble processing waste and copper smelting slag are given in tables 1, 2 and 3.
of filling mixes with application for the Kauldy mine
Composition numbers Quantity of materials per 1 m3 of the mixture, kg Mobility of the mixture, sm Average compressive strength, MPa
Portland cement grade 400 Sand is an empty rock, 5mm or less Water
I 100 1400 280 14-16 2.5
II 150 1400 280 14-16 4.0
III 200 1400 280 14-16 8.8
IV 250 1400 280 14-16 9.7
V 300 1400 280 14-16 13.5
The most common waste for preparation of filling mixes in our republic can be considered as fly ash from electrostatic precipitators of thermal power stations, waste from marble quarries, sand of empty rocks and copper smelting slags.
The chemical composition of the marble waste used in the composition ofthe mortar mixes is represented by the content of oxides in% by mass: Si02-30.5; Al2O3-18.4; CaO - 18.3; Fe 203-15.4; MgO - 4-1.5; Na20 + K20 -0.5; S03-3.8; PPP - 0.10; the insoluble residue is 0.32%.
Table 2.- Optimal compositions of filling mixes with the use of grit sand and marble waste for the Kauldy mine
Composition numbers Quantity of materials per 1 m3 of the mixture, kg Mobility of the mixture, sm Average compressive strength, MPa
Portland-cement grade 400 Sand is an empty rock, 5mm or less Waste processing of marble Water
I 100 1000 400 300 14-16 1.0
II 150 1000 400 300 14-16 1.5
III 200 1000 400 300 14-16 6.0
IV 250 1000 400 300 14-16 8.1
V 300 1000 400 300 14-16 11.5
Table 3.- Mixture composition
Components Starting materials for 1m3 of the mixture, kg
Compositions:
Cement 500 450 400 375
Sand 1500 1500 1500 1500
Water 250 250 250 250
Copper-smelting slag 0 50 100 125
Average compressive strength, MPa 18.2 17.05 15.1 11.2
Average bending strength, MPa 3.02 4.45 3.93 3.63
Waste from the marble quarry after treatment on the - the introduction of artificial massifs using a homo-
classifier had the granulometric composition presented geneous stowage with a different-strength (two-three-
in (Table 4). The same table shows the grain composition layer) filling mixture;
of the mountain sand. When developing the technology - the introduction of artificial massifs using a com-
of laying mixes in the developed space, two schemes for bined (rock-hardening) stowage. erecting artificial massifs were selected and tested:
Table 4.- Granulometric composition of waste from marble quarry and mountain sand
Name Private balances on sieves,% Passed through a sieve of 0.14 (%) The amount of clay and dust particles, (%) The size module
5 2.5 1.25 0.65 0.315 0.14
Waste from a marble quarry 0.15 15 15 25 16.5 18.5 9.5 07-09 1.7-1.9
Sand mountain 1.5 12.0 9.0 19.5 15.5 14.0 28.5 1.5 1.0-1.2
The essence of the technology for erecting a multifac-eted lining array is as follows. In the cleaning chambers (shaft of the shaft), the lower part is first laid to a height of 1.5 to 3.0 m with the composition of the packing mixture, providing a standard strength of up to 1.0 MPa, the last layer (the third layer) is initially laid on the top layer to a height of at least 0, 5 m composition, providing a standard strength of 3-4.5 MPa. On average, the porosity of the filling mixtures is 18-21%.
The density of the hardening tab was determined by weighing standard samples of a cubic shape with the dimensions of the face of 7 and 10 cm. It was from 1750 kg/m3 to 1830 kg /m3. When mixing the components of the backing mixture, you should follow the sequence of introducing them into the mixer. Preliminarily prepare
the cement - sand mixture by thoroughly mixing them with the addition of waste processing marble and slag copper smelting production. With continuous stirring, the mixture is moistened with an estimated amount of water, until the mobility is 14-16 cm.
This mobility ensures its transportability with a hydro-mass method of delivering the mixture through pipelines to the place of packing in the worked-out space.
Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained data allows us to draw conclusions about the expediency of further investigation of the plant's waste for filling mixes, as this expands the range of used wastes, reduces the cost of extracted ore and finished products, increases the strength of the mortar mixes, and improves the ecological situation in the region by eliminating dumps.
References:
1. Gaziev U. A., Rizaev H., Orujov U., Abdurazakov A. Resource saving in the preparation of filling mixes from industrial wastes // Materials ofthe Republican scientific and technical conference "Resource-saving technologies in construction",- Tashkent, -2006.- P. 35-37.
2. Gaziev U. A. Filling mixtures for filling the worked out space in the mines using industrial waste // International Scientific and Practical Conference "Innovation-2013",- Tashkent,- 2013.- P. 66-71.
3. Gaziev U. A., Shakirov T. T., Rakhimov Sh. T. Compositions, preparation, transportation and laying of filling mixes using sand of empty rock // Almalyk-Tashkent,- 2012.- P. 10-14.
4. Gaziev U. A. Waste industry in the production of building materials and products // Subj ect, - Tashkent, -2015.-P. 232-242.
