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34УДК 81
Altymuhammedova G.
School named after Hydyr Deryayev (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TYPES OF SEMI-COMPOSITE SENTENCES IN TURKMEN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Аннотация: this article presents a contrastive analysis of semi-composite sentences in Turkmen and English languages. It explores the formal and functional characteristics of these sentence structures in both languages, highlighting similarities and differences. The analysis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of Turkmen syntax and identify potential challenges faced by Turkmen learners of English sentence structure.
Ключевые слова: semi-compositesentences, contrastive analysis, Turkmen grammar, English grammar, Turkmen-English contrastive analysis, Turkmen syntax, sentence structure, Turkmen-English language learning, contrastive linguistics.
My thesis is dedicated to research the modern approaches of in the process of using semi-composite sentences in speech. So that to make it easy to perceive for those willing to keep up their educational and scientific carrier in the science of the English language. It was purposed to broaden views on ways of comprehension peculiar features of grammatical theories used in our native language.
There are many compares types of the semi-composite sentences in Turkmen and English languages. Semi-composite sentences are used commonly in speaking language in Turkmen. And we can find them in poems, in romans all the literary works. It's natural the student of the English wants to know how to use those colorful expressions in English and what is the meaning of them in his native language and that's why it's natural to compare two languages English and Turkmen from the point of view of their typological characteristics.
The aims of my article is to investigate the syntactic structure of English and explain their grammatical, lexical and syntactic features and to find similar features and differences between two non-cognate languages us English and Turkmen it is reasonable to research the usage of composite and semi-composite sentences in our native language. So, this work aims of exploration the linguistic aspects.
This article is devoted to the structural syntactical and comparative analyses of the used in two languages. Which is under investigation. In relation to the formulations of the problems.
To identify the types semi-composite sentences of the Turkmen and English language and to compare syntax of two non-cognate langunges[1]
to find out similarities and differences in Turkmen and English languages The method of componential analyses we used to find out the similar features and differences between Turkmen and English languages.
Statistic method is used in this research to suggest to exact results of the analyses Transformational method of investigation
Typological method is used to compare two non-cognate to find out similarities and difference composite sentences.cor the languages and The significance of the study Turkmen languages.Theoretically, the readers are expected to be more open-minded toward grammatical products particularly in language use, especially for the academicians. Then, they can express their creativity in various ways and conduct the use of sentences in language. Thus, they can conduct further studies in stylistics with a more complex discussion that focuses on different objects.
Results of data of presented article can be used as an aid for the lectures and seminars of the English grammar, practical courses of the English language and worthy source for compiling a handbook on grammar of semi-composite sentences of the Turkmen and English languages and to compare syntax structure the independent sentencese predicative clauses do not make up any ponerents presented they are just
so many atterances each expressing but even of by the way of rearrangement and the use of semantic. In conclusion we can say that by their structure composite sentences are poly-predicative sentences. In these poly-predicative sentences there are usually two or more than two clauses and each of these clauses has its own subject and predicate. Alongside these completely composed composite sentences there are also a lot of sentences in the language in which predicative lines are incomplete In such incomplete composite sentences one of the members of the sentence is absent. That is why such incomplete composite sentences have been studied in the list of the simple sentences. But such sentences cannot be pure simple sentences, because they have two or more predicative lines That is why such incomplete sentences should be considered in the intermediate between the simple sentences and composite sentences. In the English language such incomplete sentences are named as semi-composite sentences. These semi composite sentences are also divided into the following two kinds the semi complex sentences and the semi-compound sentences.In our article work we analysed these semi-complex and the semi-compound sentences typologically in comparison of the English and Turkmen languages The comparative use of these semi-composite sentences found out of the existence of these semi-composite sentences also in the Turkmen language.
The semi-complex sentences are sentences built up on the primciple of subordination. Each of the semi-complex sentence is divided from tave base sentences connected with one fulfiller of the action. That is why the semi complex sentences are divided to different kinds, such as subject sharing into sentences, object sharing sentences, attribute sharing sentences, and adverbial complication sentences There are also the nominal phrase complication sentences In the theoretical analyses of the real types of such semi-comples sentences we use transformational method of investigation which helps to define the real types of these semi-complex and semi-compound sentences. This method clears up the real grammatical structure and the full lexical meanings of these semi-composite sentences:
The semi-compound sentences are also semi-composite sentences built up on the principle of coordination. The structure of semi-compound sentences consists of
two basic clauses belonging to one principle of the syntactic position. There may be coordinated predicate. The number of the basic parts of the semit compound sentences, may be two base or many bases. All these types of semi-complex and semi-compound sentences are widels used in the English and Turkmen languages: We analysed the English semi- comlex and semi-compound sentences in comparison with the sentences in the Turkmen [2]
language. In the inrestigations of the comparative analyses we widely used the transformational method of investigation. This method of investigation gave good results also in the comparative study
of the semi-composite sentences in these languages. Reflexivised dominant verbs of intense action the idea of change is rendered. Eg He spoke himself hoarse. As he spoke he became hoarse (Further diagnosis He spoke and spoke until he became hoarse) Apart from the described types of subject-sharing sentences there is a variety of them featuring the dominant verb in the passive.
The idea has never been considered a wise one. The company was ordered to halt. These sentences have active counterparts as their paradigmatic derivation bases which we analyse below as semi-complex sentences of object sharing. In the subject sharing semi-cemplex sentences two predications are connected with one subject. For example. She stood thinking of yesterday event.
Transformation: As she stood she was thinking of yesterday is event
In Turkmen: Ol duynki hadysa barada pikirlenip durdy [1]
Transformation: Ol duran wagtynda duynki hadysa barada pikirlenyardi Semi-complex sentences of object-sharing. as different from those of subject-sharing, are built up of two base sentences overlapping round the word performing different functions in them in the matrix sentence it is the object, in the insert sentence it is the subject. The complicator expansion of such sentences is commonly called the "complex object" Eg We saw him-He approached us. We saw him approach us
(approaching us). They painted the fence-The fence was (became) green They painted the fence green.
Object sharing complex sentences are often used in the use of the complex object in English. We can see it in the next example: I saw hintenter the enom Transformation. / saw him. He entered the room This kind of object sharing semi-complex sentences are also used in Turkmen.
For example Men onun otaga girenini gordum Transformation: Men ony gordum. Ol otoga girdi.
Some dominant verbs of such constructions are not used in the same essential meaning outside the constructions, in particular, some acausative verbs, verbs of liking and disliking, etc. Cf I made him.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Comrie, Bernard. Turkmen Reference Grammar (1992). С 55-60;
2. Quirk, Randolph et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (1985). С 89-94
