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7
Elchaev Z.A. senior teacher "Philology and pedagogy" chair Karshi Economics and Pedagogics University
Uzbekistan
TECHNICAL TRANSLATION: FEATURES, DIFFICULTIES, IMPORTANCE OF THE CORRECT TRANSFER OF TERMINOLOGY
Annotation: in this article we will consider the main, in our opinion, feature of scientific and technical text - terminology. Terms are used in large numbers in these materials.
Key words: technical translation, terminology, scientific and technical
texts.
Today it is impossible to imagine our life without technology, and with the expansion of contacts between countries and without the exchange of technology. In this regard, the need for high-quality technical translation is increasing.
Technical translation is understood as the translation of a technical and scientific text, that is, the translation of texts containing terms from the fields of science and technology [8].
There is no doubt that the translation of such materials should be of high quality, because errors can cost the user dearly. The difficulties of technical translation are related to the peculiarities of scientific and technical texts. Such texts include:
1. operation manuals for complex appliances, equipment, household appliances,
cars, agricultural machinery, industrial equipment;
2. technical specifications, drawings and construction projects;
3. project documentation for tenders and international competitions;
4. contracts, contracts, agreements with foreign sponsors, partners at
cooperation related to machinery or special equipment;
5. methodical manuals with recommendations on maintenance, repair of machines and mechanisms;
6. theses, dissertations, other scientific works;
7. patents, certificates, licenses, permits;
8. computer software and programming [6].
When translating, it is important to know the features of a scientific and technical text. This will help predict possible difficulties and avoid them.
According to the research of P. Newmore, the terms occupy 5-10% of the total volume of the technical text [7].
Another definition is given by M. A. Marusenko: "a term is a nominative group (noun or substantive phrase) associated with a certain scientific and
technical concept, belonging to a certain set of texts and expressing a stable set of features of the concept" [5].
In the definition of I. S. Kvitko, the characteristics of the term are expressed: the term is "a word or a verbal complex that enters into systemic relations with other words and verbal complexes and forms together with them in each individual case and at a certain time a closed system characterized by high awareness, unambiguity, accuracy and expressive neutrality" [3].
Finding the right equivalent to the term is not an easy task. The terms (and with them the entire text) should be understandable to the specialist or the recipient of the translation.
Very often terms can have several equivalents depending on the sphere of
use:
1. specifications - technical characteristics (automatic), indictment (military), task
(technical);
2. current - signal value (atom. en), current (hydro), alternating current (oil), current record;
3. output - productivity, smelting (technical), output ends (electronic), consumption side (automatic).
Thus, even the equivalent found in the dictionary will not always be correct. Note that in addition to the translation itself, the difficulty may be related to the identification of the term itself. In some texts, the terms that occur may be used by a specific company or only for a specific project.
A. O. Ivanov distinguishes the following ways of translating terminology:
- borrowing;
- costing;
- descriptive translation [2].
When borrowing, the brevity and unambiguity of the term is preserved. At the same time, this ensures unification at the interlanguage level, which is important for science. One example of borrowing is the units of measurement: ampere, volt, hertz, degree.
Calcification - reproduction of the semantic structure of a language unit -is especially often used when translating phrases:
1. normal operating condition - normal operating mode;
2. squeeze time - compression time;
3. primary-current range - primary current range;
4. power supply - power consumption.
The use of descriptive translation is valuable when the term has no equivalent in the target language and it is important for the recipient of the translation to convey the meaning, even if the translation seems cumbersome.
For example, "current is a parachutist who jumps constantly to maintain and improve his level in parachuting (aviation). "As you can see, each of the
translation methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The choice of reception depends on the specific term or terminological phrase.
Translation of scientific and technical texts is a painstaking and difficult job. Technical extremely important documents, instructions for complex equipment, etc. are being translated.
Terminology is, in our opinion, the main feature of scientific and technical
texts.
The terms are characterized by unambiguity, accuracy, and lack of expression. When translating, such words and phrases can cause certain difficulties. To overcome these difficulties, a translator needs, firstly, to know the features of a scientific and technical text, to master translation transformations; secondly, to know the terminology of a particular field in the source and translating languages and be able to use various sources of information.
All this is necessary to achieve an accurate and correct translation, as discrepancies can lead to improper use of equipment, which may be unsafe for the environment and people's lives.
References:
1. Shcherbakova, I. V. Features of translation of technical texts / I. V. Shcherbakova [electronic resource].-URL:https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=21712 (accessed: 03.12.2021).
2. Subachev, Yu. V. Technical translation: features. What do you need to know? / Yu. V.Subachev [Electronic resource]. - URL: https://научныепереводы.RF/tehnicheskij-period/ (date of reference: 02.02.2022).
3. Ushakova, A. O. Specifics of technical translation / A. O. Ushakova // Bulletin PNRPU: Scientific Journal / Perm National Research Polytechnic University. -Perm, 2017. - No. 4. - pp. 18-26.
4. Grinev-Grinevich, S. V. Terminology / S. V. Grinev-Grinevich. - M.: Academy,
2008. - 304 p.
5. Marusenko, M. A. About the basic concept of terminology - scientific and technical term / M. A. Marusenko // scientific and technical information: scientific journal. - M., 1981. -No. 8. - Pp. 1-5.
6. Kvitko I. S. Term in a scientific document / I. S. Kvitko. - Lviv: Vyshchashk., 1976. - 150 p.
7. Ivanov, A. O. Non-equivalent vocabulary: a textbook / A. O. Ivanov. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg State University, 2006. - pp. 8894.
8. Luchinina, A. Professionalism, terms, jargon and slang as types of special vocabulary / A. Luchinina [Electronic resource]. - URL: https://урок.рф/library/professionalizmi_termini_zhargon_i_sleng_kak_vidi_06 3037.html (accessed: 07.02.2022).
