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19Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-743-747
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSLATION TECHNIKUES IN TERMINOLOGY
Gulbakhar Jenisbayevna Djumamuratova
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Senior Teacher of the Department of Foreign Languages E-mail: gulbakhardj umamuratova@gmail. com
Sayora Bayranovna Tajenova
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Assistant Teacher of the Department of Foreign Languages E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the study of evolution of translation theory and the uses of special techniques in specific field, in other words in terminology. This aspect of a dynamically functioning terminology also could not fail to attract our attention.
Keywords: translation history, techniques of translation, homonymy in translation.
INTRODUCTION
The 1880-90's is considered to be "hard times" for translation. During this period, the culture of translation was in decline, so translators downplayed the specific features of source texts, lost their stylistic peculiarities and reflected density. Most of the scholars considered possess not only good knowledge of a foreign language but also other peculiarities of mother tongue. According to critics' superficial reviews the best translator of the time was P.Veinberg, who translated Shakespeare and Heine. Later translation theorists and critics reproached him for his lack of artistic form, for simplifying works.
In that period it was claimed that great authors cannot make good translations, as they cannot give up their own creative work and be subordinate to a translated author. The end of the century witnessed a rebirth of untranslatability theory, which was propounded by the Ukrainian linguist Alexandre Potebnya.
The 20th century is remarkable for both its translation practice and its considerable theoretical development. It gave rise to the theory of translation as a special subject, devised by V. Komissarov, A. Fedorov, A. Shveitser. R. Minyar-
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-743-747
Beloruchev, L. Barkhudarov and others. Their ideas were widely acknowledged. As for fiction translation, there grew up two schools: the first analyzes translation in the aspect of literature studies (K. Chukovsky, I. Kashkin, V. Rossels, et al.); the other is the linguistic approach (A. Fedorov, L. Barkhudarov, V. Komissarov, V. Krupnov, Y. Retsker and others.)
This century gave rise to scientific and technical translation. In the world, over 100,000 journals are published in different languages, which include 4 million articles; about 200,000 inventions are patented annually; over 250,000 scientific works are written.122 Due to the enormous amount of information necessary for translation, MAT (machine-aided translation) systems have progressed; the AllUnion Center for Scientific and Technical Translation was one of the largest institutions involved in developing machine translation. Structural linguistics and communication theory have been introduced into the study of translation.
Researches that have been conducted within the framework of terminological systems are studied in isolation from the environment of specific situation, as well as the speech act, the process of expression is investigated apart from the text. As a result, this approach raises the problem of defining the boundaries of the terminological field of uncertainty in the use of terms related to different scientific fields.
It is well known that translation is the expression of information spoken in one language through another language. Not the words expressed in the text, but its meaning, more precisely the thoughts are translated. In the process of translation, the main aspects that need to be followed and paid attention to, including the qualities of the literary norm, i.e. accuracy, correctness, language and conformity to the author's expression, are required.
Currently, the problem of translating texts in the construction industry is relevant due to the increasing volume of translations and the difficulties that arise during translation, which technical translators working in various foreign companies and firms have to face. The study of the specifics of the source text is extremely necessary, since without taking it into account, an adequate translation of a number of sources is simply impossible. The quality and result of translation are determined by the features of the source text, therefore the relationship between text and translation is one of the main problems of translation theory, which is justifiably addressed by many researchers of translation dealing with its special aspects.
Difficulty of technical terms translation is mostly observed during which the
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-743-747
translator needs to make a decision on choosing the desired meaning of the term. Given the factor that words with different lexical meanings in both Uzbek and English make up a fairly large part of the vocabulary and are often used in speech, it is important for a translator to know the features of their translation, to master rational methods of translation. A competent and accurate translation of the meanings of such words will ensure their understanding.
Unlike common words, which are often ambiguous, the terms are usually unambiguous, they are also not characterized by expression.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Many terms have more than one meaning, and the same word can be a term in different fields. It is also possible to use several special lexical units to name the same concept. In this regard, we can talk about ambiguity, homonymy and synonymy of terms. Terms are considered to have one meaning in one field. Therefore, they are context-free words, whose meaning does not depend on the context.
Terminology is an extensive class of special vocabulary with a large content of international words. Many terms are borrowed from language to language or through another language, and many also have a Greek-Latin origin.
With the help of the term, you can clearly and briefly convey the essence and content of the designated subject. It is characterized by correlation with a precisely defined concept and the desire for unambiguity within the same terminology; therefore many English terms have constant lexical correspondences in the Russian language.
Different fields of knowledge ascribe different meanings to one and the same term. For example, лист in the publishing field corresponds to the term sheet (author's sheet); in biology, it is a leaf; in technique, it is a plate; in geology, it is lamina. Similarly, the term drive is equivalent to different Russian terms, since it has different meanings in various fields: привод (in mechanics), органы управления (in the automobile), сплав (in forestry), горизонтальная горная выработка (in mining), дисковод (in the computer), etc.
Term homonymy is sometimes due to the fact that words of general stock assume a technical meaning, thus becoming terms: for instance, memory - память, cell - ячейка памяти, driver - драйвер, управляющая программа (in computers). Also, terms of one field are borrowed by other fields, like variant and invariant were borrowed into linguistics from mathematics.
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-743-747
Such term homonymy challenges translation. A translator must know the exact meaning of term in this or that field, as well as its combinability, for the nearby attribute or another word may specify the term and affect its translation.
Term translation may also depend on the regional character of the language. For example, антенна corresponds to aerial in British English, to antenna in American English; ветровое стекло (автомобиля) - windscreen (British English), windshield (American English); багажник (автомобиля) - boot (British), trunk (American).
Term form depends on the people using it. P. Newmark suggests three levels of term usage:
1) Academic. This includes transferred Latin and Greek words used in academic papers (phlegmasia alba dolens);
2) Professional. Formal terms used by experts (epidemic parotitis, scarlatina);
3) Popular. Layman vocabulary, which includes familiar alternative terms
(mumps, scarlet fever).
CONCLUSION
In science, terms are neutral, non-expressive. Medical students feel no particular ways, whatever terms they use. But when a term is transferred to another register, it takes on a stylistic and emotional coloring. In common everyday situations, people feel abhorrence for pox, in Russian called дурная болезнь, and other things.
Term translation depends on the register it is used in. In science, translators tend to translate as precisely as possible. Absolute equivalence of terms is a requirement in scientific translation. In other registers, term translation depends on the receptors background, and on the function the term plays in the text.
As recommendations when translating terms, it is necessary to rely on the context. An explanatory dictionary or a reference source can help in clarifying the meaning of the term. For example, the word rate denotes the rate in the phrase interest rate, but in the phrase inflation rate is used in the meaning of level. It is also necessary to take into account geographical and regional realities, to be able to correctly "choose the lexical correspondence of a term or use tracing paper in the case when there is no equivalent in the translation language", "check the use of an English term in the original before "embedding" it in the translation text".
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-743-747
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