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Mamasoliev Sardorbek Tursinovich, doctor's degree researcher of the Andijan State University E-mail: s_mamasoliev@mail.ru
TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALGAE SPREAD IN ECOSYSTEMS OF THE CITY
(as an example of Andijan city)
Abstract: The analysis of several common algae species on the ecosystem in the city of Andijan. There are 100 types of recreational areas, 116 species in the residential areas, 95 in the industrial area and 76 species in the area of transport.
Keywords: Soil algae, recreation, residential, industry, transport, taxonomic.
The Ferghana valley, the Central Asian pearl, including In Andijan there are recreation areas, residential areas,
the beautiful nature of the Andizan Region, is well-known production facilities, companies and major transport routes. not only for Uzbekistan, but also for the entire population of Central Asia and other countries. One such site is the city of Andijan, which is one of the most important issues in the analysis of the current development of soil algae in the current ecological state, which is spread in various environmental zones such as recreation, residential, industry and transport.
There are recreational objects - amusement parks, small dendroparks in the city. Navoi, Bogi Babur, Children's Park, Nodirabegim and other amusement parks in Andijan are the ideal places for the city's guests.
In the scientific literature [1], urban settlements, anthropogenic landscapes, that is, cultural, administrative, medical, educational institutions, small gardens (green zones) are called settlement zones.
The main source polluting the atmospheric air, soil and water reservoirs of the city is the emissions from the production process and smoke from vehicles [3; 5; 7]. We can clearly see the anthropogenic impact on living organisms, including soils, in such ecological areas. Residential, recreational, industrial, and transportation areas of Andijan city were selected and sampled from the points identified in the city map.
Fritsch a John's (1942) "soil culture" and "water culture" methods were used in studying systematic, taxonomic composition of algae in the soil. (Hollerbach, Shtina and others).
100 samples of soil specimens from soil samples taken from recreation areas ofAndijan city were identified. They systematically concern 5 sections, 8 classes, 18 orders, 33 families and 46 categories. The taxonomic composition of the algae flora of recreation area soils is shown in the chart below.
Table 1.- The taxonomic composition of the algae flora of recreation area soils
Number of taxons, in percentage
№ Parts classes orders families species types Types and kinds of types
number percent number percent number percent Number percent number percent number percent
1 Cyanophyta 1 12.5 2 11.11 8 24.24 12 26.1 32 32.65 33 33
2 Chlorophyta 4 50.0 9 50.0 16 48.49 19 41.3 40 40.82 40 40
3 Xanthophyta 1 12.5 4 22.22 4 12.12 7 15.22 13 13.27 13 13
4 Euglenophyta 1 12.5 1 5.56 1 3.03 2 4.35 4 4.08 4 4
5 Bacillariophyta 1 12.5 2 11.11 4 12.12 6 13.03 9 9.18 10 10
Total 8 100 18 100 33 100 46 100 98 100 100 100
According to the parts Cyanophyta consists of 33 percent. Consisting of 40 types among algae Chlorophyta has made 40 percent. These two parts has made 73 percent with 73 types in the flora of recreational area. Xanthophyta has made 13 percent with 13 types, Bacillariophyta has made 10 percent with 10 types. The fewest type (4) belongs to the part of Euglen-
ophyta. In the respect of biological variety class 50 percent of types belong to the part of Chlorophyta. In the number of taxons belonging to the orders Chlorophyta consists of 50 percent. 4 orders in the part of Xanthophyta, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta have 2 taxons each concerning the order. According to the orders Chlorophyta has the most taxons, but
belongs to the Euglenophyta part of the fewest taxons. In the variety according to families of taxons, it has made 48.49 percent with 16 families, and in Cyanophyta part it is as twice as few (24.24%). Xanthophyta and Bacillariophyta have made 12.12 percent each having 4 families. According to the number of species Chlorophyta has made the most - 41.3 percent whereas Cyanophyta - 26.1 percent, Xanthophyta - 15.22 percent. According to the number of types Chlorophyta is in the first place making 40.82 percent of all the types and reresenta-tives of Cyanophyta part has taken the second place with 32.65 percent. There is no mutual closeness in the number of taxons belonging to each part.
Dominant types are various and belong to the 3-part: Lyngbya foveolatum, Microcoleus vaginatus, Phormidium au-tumnale, Ph. boryanum, Ph. formosum, Nostoc punctiforme, Cylindrospermum lichenoforme from Cyanophyta part were more frequently encountered; Hantzschia amphyoxys from
Table 2.- The taxonomic composition
Bacillariophyta part were more frequently encountered than the others. Сhlamydomonas gloeogama, Bracteacoccus minor, Chlorella vulgaris from Chlorophyta part were frequently encountered in the row of dominants.
The soil samples taken from the further residential areas were studied and totally 116 types of algae were identified in these samples. Taxonomically they belong to 5 parts, 8 classes, 9 orders6, 38 families, 51 species. Number of types corresponding to the same class is equal to 14.5; the same order -12.9 the same family - 3.05, the same species - 2.27. Among them, Cyanophyta part was the most spread and consisted of 42 types, its share made 36.21 percent. Сhlorophyta part consisted of 31 types, its share was 26.71 percent, Bacillariophyta part consisted of 22 types, its share was 18.97 percent, Xanthophyta part consisted of 18 types, its share was 15.52 percent, the least spread one was Euglenophyta part, which consisted of 3 types, its share was 2.59 percent.
of the algae flora of residential area soils
№ Parts Number of taxons, in percentage
Classes orders families species types Types and kinds of types
number percent number percent number percent number Percent number percent number percent
1 Cyanophyta 1 12.5 2 22.22 10 26.32 15 29.42 42 37.17 42 36.21
2 Chlorophyta 4 50.0 3 33.33 15 39.47 20 39.22 30 26.55 31 26.71
3 Xanthophyta 1 12.5 2 22.22 4 10.53 7 13.72 18 15.93 18 15.52
4 Euglenophyta 1 12.5 1 11.11 2 5.26 3 5.88 3 2.65 3 2.59
5 Bacillariophyta 1 12.5 1 11.11 7 18.42 6 11.76 20 17.7 22 18.97
Total 8 100 9 100 38 100 51 100 113 100 116 100
According to the number of types in their taxonomic
composition, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta parts covered 2/3 piece, namely, 62.92 percent, Bacillariophyta and Xanthophyta made 34.49 percent. Cyanophyta part of the taxons is related to the alkalinity of soil conditions, in particular, the increase in intoxication, resuscitation, and natural conditions of lighting. Taxonomy of the Chlorophyta part is associated with the appearance of an ephemeral character with the appearance of anemic states for the organism with a transition to an increase due to the loss of moisture in the development of Bacillilarophyta [5-7].
Table 3.- The taxonomic composition
Biodiversity in the soil of industrial enterprises, firms, firms is relatively small compared to other ecological regions studied. 95 types of algae belonging to 7 classes, 16 orders, 34 families, 44 species were identified in this area. All the types' correspondence to the same class made 13.57; to the same order - 5.93; to the same family - 2.79; to the same species -2.16. Cyanophyta / Chlorophyta ratio is 1.42; Cyanophyta / Bacillariphyta ratio is 3.38. Biodiversity of taxons belonging to Xanthophyta and Euglenophyta parts is fewer than those of other parts.
of algae in the soils of industrial areas
№ Parts Num ber of taxons, in »ercentage
class % order % family % species % type % Types and kinds of types %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Cyanophyta 1 14.3 2 12.50 9 26.47 13 29.55 43 47.23 44 46.32
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
2 Chlorophyta 3 42.8 9 56.25 17 50.0 20 45.45 30 33 31 32.63
3 Xanthophyta 1 14.3 2 12.50 3 8.82 3 6.82 4 4.4 4 4.21
4 Euglenophyta 1 14.3 1 6.25 1 2.94 2 4.54 3 3.3 3 3.16
5 Bacillariphyta 1 14.3 2 12.50 4 11.77 6 13.64 11 12.07 13 13.68
Total 7 100 16 100 34 100 44 100 91 100 95 100
Taxons belonging to Cyanophyta part consist of 44 types and have made 46.32 percent. Taxons belonging to Chlorophy-ta part consist of 31 types and have made 33 percent. Taxons belonging to Bacillariophyta are few, they consist of 13 types and have made 14 percent. 4 and 3 types were recorded from Xanthophyta and Euglenophyta part.
According to the number 3 parts were the most among taxons identified in the soils of industrial areas: species types of Phormidium autumnale, Ph. favosum, Microcoleus vaginatus, Lyngbya foveolarum were frequently encountered in Cyanophyta part; Hantzshia amphyoxys, Navicula atomus, N. mutica were
Table 4.- The taxonomic composition of
frequently encountered in Bacillariophyta part; species types of Chlamydomonas were frequently encountered in Chlorophy-ta part, cocoid structure types such as Chlorococcum humicola, Chlorella vulgaris were frequently encountered.
"Uzbekistan", "Bobur", "Navoi" and "Istiqlol" are the avenues with the heaviest traffic in the city ofAndijan. 76 species were identified in 32 soil samples taken from 0.5, 1.0 m beside the asphalted areas of these streets. In terms of taxonomy, they belong to 6 parts, 9 classes, 19 orders, 30 families, 40 species. The resulting data are presented in the table below.
algae in the soils of heavy traffic motorways
№ Part TaKcoHAap COHH, < >oh3H
class % order % family % species % type % Types and kinds of types #
1 Cyanophyta 1 11.11 2 10.53 8 26.67 10 25.0 31 41.89 31 40.79
2 Chlorophyta 4 44.45 10 52.63 13 43.33 17 42.5 26 35.14 27 35.52
3 Xanthophyta 1 11.11 3 15.79 3 10.0 4 10.0 4 5.41 4 5.26
4 Euglenophyta 1 11.11 1 5.26 1 3.33 2 5.0 3 4.05 3 3.95
5 Bacillariophyta 1 11.11 2 10.53 4 13.34 6 15.0 9 12.16 10 13.16
6 Pyrophyta 1 11.11 1 5.26 1 3.33 1 2.5 1 1.35 1 1.32
Total 9 100 19 100 30 100 40 100 74 100 76 100
On the heay traffic motorways whose taxonomic composition was studied: Cyanophyta made 40.79 percent 31 types, Chlorophyta made 35.52 percent having 27 types; Bacillariophyta made 13.16 10 types, and Xanthophyta, Pyrophyta, Euglenophyta made 10.53 percent having totally 8 types. The number of the types belonging to the same class was 8.4; to the same order - 4.0; to the same family - 2.53; to the same species - 1.9.
As in the industrial area, there are 58 species of Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta in these systems, with 76.31% of the total algae in the transport area. There are few biodiversity varieties in the remaining 5 species. This situation is characterized by a number of factors and specific features of the algae of these branches.
The taxons belonging to the Xanthophyta sector, which are "sensitive" to soil contamination, were less recorded in the samples. Although taxons of the Xanthophyta part, which are
considered to be the base of the soil, are more common, their biological diversity is often not significantly significant.
The following taxons from the Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta parts were more frequent according to algae samples: Phormidium autumnale, Ph. boryanum, Microcoleus vaginatus, Oscillatoria brevis, O. Formosa, Chlorococcum humicola, Chlorella vulgaris, Stichococcus minor, S. Choolatii, Navicula radiosa, Hanthschia amphyoxys, Nitzschia palea.
The following taxa were always found in each sample: Phormidium autumnale, Ph. boryanum, Microcoleus vaginatus, Oscillatoria brevis, O. formosa, Synechococcus aeruginosus, Stigo-nema minor. Euglena terricala, Characiopsis minama, Navicula minuscula, Amphora veneta, Hautzschia amphyoxys. Chlamydomonas humicola, Chlorella vulgaris, Trochisia aspera.
Algae types belonging to 100 samples of soil specimens taken from the recreational areas of Andijan city were identified. Systematically, they belong 5 parts, 8 classes, 18 orders,
33 families and 46 species, and ranked second among biodiversity species among analyzed ecological areas.
Soil algae of total 116 species of algae have been identified in the samples taken from the soil of residential areas. Taxonomically, they belong to 5 parts, 8 classes, 9 orders, 38 families, 51 species and ranked first among biodiversity species.
The further algae identified in the samples taken from in-dustrical ecological area consist of 95 types. Systematically, they belong to 5 parts, 6 classes, 16 orders, 34 families, 44 species and ranked third among biodiversity species.
76 types were identified in the samples, ranked last among biodiversity species, taken from the transport area. Taxonmically, they belong to 6 parts, 9 classes, 19 orders, 30 families, 40 species.
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