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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-47-54
Tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation on the basis of algorithm creation of polyathlon means integration
Zinaida M. Kuznetsova1, Aleksandr A. Loginov2*, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva.3
'Naberezhnye Chelny branch of "Management University "TISBI" Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-5558-474X, kzm_diss@mail.ru 2 Tyumen presidential college of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense
Tyumen, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-9931-7742, La-1809@bk.ru* 2 Yelabuga Institute (branch) Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Yelabuga, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-9387-7033, mutaeva-i@mail.ru
Abstract: The article is about tactical schemes of cadets' physical training formation. It is a well-known fact that the present level of polyathlon sports disciplines use for cadets' physical training demands further development and it is also necessary to reveal the factors of competitive activity effectiveness increase. Research methods and materials. The following research methods are used in the work: method of analysis, comparison, modeling, systematization, the information of scientific-methodical sources comparison, pedagogical observation results, existing data analysis and synthesis. The held analysis of cadets' physical training conditions helped to create tactical scheme of their physical training formation on the basis of creating the algorithm of objectives, means and methods integration in connection in kinds of training. The main experimental base of the research work formed the conditions of educational establishment Tyumen presidential college of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Tyumen. The research works were carried out since 2017 till 2021. 12-13, 14-15 and 16-17 year-old cadets took part in the research work. Results. The base of tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation was the algorithm of the training objectives, means, methods integration separately and in connection at all stages of means realization in sports disciplines of polyathlon. Tactical scheme also considers training effects transformation into the effectiveness in sports disciplines of polyathlon by means of the following: the components of different training tasks conjugation; variation of physical qualities development combination sequentially and in a parallel way; alternation and transfer of specific physical qualities development during one lesson taking into account sports disciplines of polyathlon; wide application of competitive method; the calendar of competitions broadening as a tactical approach to kinds of training integration. Conclusion. Included into cadet' physical training process methodical techniques in a form of tasks with a distorting factor and an obstacle course. It includes the elements of polyathlon sports disciplines, provide physical working capacity increase and effectiveness in sports disciplines of polyathlon. Sudden changes in the training environment and objectives and also training lessons out of the stadium, using the situations. They make cadets demonstrate final efforts during different training objectives fulfillment provide training effects integration according to the kinds of training inside and between one another.
Keywords: cadets, physical training, tactical scheme, algorithm, integration, factors of readiness.
For citation: Zinaida M. Kuznetsova, Aleksandr A. Loginov*, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva. Tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation on the basis of algorithm creation of polyathlon means integration. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1): 38-43. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-161-47-54 .
INTRODUCTION as a kind of sport. It combines several kinds of sport
Polyathlon is one of the popular kinds disciplines and can be the base of a universal many-of sport among cadets, Suvorov Military School sided physical training of cadets. The base of an students, Nakhimov Naval School students. They effective physical training by means of polyathlon study at a military specialty. Polyathlon is created can become parallel and complex physical qualities
development (quickness, power, endurance, dexterity, flexibility) and also including the applied motor actions, demonstrating volitional abilities taking into account the future professional activity of cadets.
Scientific-methodical sources analysis showed that polyathlon is a unique means not only for physical and sports training, but is also a condition for cadets' personal qualities formation. The authors underline that polyathlon means realization can be the condition for an effective demands fulfillment of physical training Instruction on the basis of age related physical activity development control
[1,2,4,5].
The need of cadets for personal competitive results improvement can lead to the use of forbidden means of physical working capacity increase. It demands the concept of physical training formation reconsideration by means of attention paid to the formation of physical development value, professional physical health as the base of a high physical readiness and working capacity [3,8,9]. The increase of the motivational level of cadets' physical readiness achievement demands the necessity to plan training taking into account modern components of sport training. [3].
Specialists have the opinion concerning the popularity of polyathlon use for high level of physical readiness and cadets' working capacity formation [2,4,5].
In different kinds of sport the methodology is created connected with physical working capacity increase and rehabilitation owing to the tactics of physical training change and different variants of physical loads realization.
Tactical scheme creation of cadets' physical training formation. It formed the algorithm of objectives, means and methods integration together with the kinds of training by means of polyathlon, demands physiological substantiation of adaptive changes in an organism of the cadets during muscle activity. Depending on effective adaptive-compensatory changes during respondents' muscle work the conditions are created of an effective physical training control as the condition for control over functional state of an organism [6].
Tactical scheme of cadets' physical training
formation on the basis of objectives algorithm, means and methods integration together with the kinds of training would be reasonable and effective if:
- there is a complex realization of polyathlon sports disciplines means use;
- age related peculiarities of cadets' organisms are taken into consideration;
- medical-biological aspects of physical loads influence on an organism are taken into consideration;
- a tactical scheme of the training objectives realization is created, taking into account biological age of cadets.
The aim of the present research work was theoretical substantiation and creation of a tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation on the basis of objectives algorithm, means and methods integration in connection in kinds of training, realized during the lessons.
The main experimental base of the research work formed the conditions of an educational establishment "Tyumen presidential college of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation", Tyumen. The research work was carried out during the following period: since 2017 till 2021. 12-13, 14-15 and 16-17 year-old cadets took part in the research work.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following research methods are used in the work: method of analysis, comparison, modeling, systematization, the information of scientific-methodical sources comparison, pedagogical observation results, existing data analysis and synthesis. The held analysis of cadets' physical training conditions helped to create tactical scheme of their physical training formation on the basis of creating the algorithm of objectives, means and methods integration in connection in kinds of training.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In previous works, presented by us during the conferences and published in journals, reviewed by Higher Attestation Commission (HAC), we studied different sides of training among cadets for
a successful competitive activity in polyathlon [4,5]. Pedagogical observation over the process of physical training in cadets helped to create the algorithm of sports polyathlon disciplines means integration. We had the grounds for the training effects reconsideration taking into account the age, degree of pubescence and cadets' biological age displays.
When we select cadets for polyathlon it is reasonable to pay attention to typological characteristics of higher nervous activity giving priority to cadets with strong mobile nervous conditions.
Carried out research works analysis demands to create the scheme of cadets' physical training formation on the basis of objectives algorithm, means and methods integration in connection in kinds of training taking into account the training objectives for an academic year.
Each side of polyathlon athletes sports activity is formed in general and specialized means and methods of training realization. The formation level and the level of the kinds of training, which depend on cadets' age aspect, show that further means and methods use becomes categorical. It leads to the fact that some physical qualities of cadets, demonstrated mostly in local exercises, can't be fully successfully realized during polyathlon competitive activity. A long time period is necessary for cadets' physical qualities demonstration and the applied actions development in competitive exercises. It is the main tactical component during interconnection of all kinds of training organization.
Tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation is based on the algorithm of the training objectives, means and methods integration separately and in connection with all stages of means realization in polyathlon sports disciplines.
Tactical scheme of the algorithm of kinds of training integration provides special system of interconnection creation between the training means during their influence on cadets' organisms. Such kind of an approach helps to use the effect of physical and psychic influences on an organism in a form of tactical, technical, functional and psychological training.
All kinds of physical training integration in a definite order and in close connection with
each other helps to realize competitive method as a linking part between the preliminary and official starts. Such situation helps a cadet to gain the ability to realize own physical abilities at a maximal level and timely estimate own physical state. The results of an operative and current physical state estimation helps to correct the training effects of different orientation.
Tactical scheme of physical training formation realizes the connection between physical and technical, psychological and theoretical, psychic readiness and volitional qualities demonstration in the system of kinds of training realization in sports polyathlon disciplines.
Tactical scheme also considers training effects transformation into the effectiveness in sports polyathlon disciplines by means of the following:
- the components of different training tasks conjugation;
- variation of physical qualities development combination sequentially and in a parallel way;
- alternation and transfer of specific physical qualities development during one lesson taking into account sports disciplines of polyathlon;
- wide application of competitive method;
- the calendar of competitions broadening as a tactical approach to kinds of training integration.
Tactical scheme of physical qualities formation is realized in kinds of training integration in the following forms:
- physical qualities interconnection at one training lesson;
- gradual realization of the means, directed toward quickness, strength and endurance development together with technical character of motor action fulfillment;
- technical and professional actions integration in physical qualities display;
- cadets' maximal motor potential realization in competitive activity.
The effectiveness of the cadets' physical qualities tactics formation was realized in a following way:
- using the ways of working capacity and endurance increase;
- taking into account the individual and age related characteristics of physical qualities
development;
- taking into account sensitive periods of physical qualities display;
- in terms of organism functional abilities development owing to self-psycho-regulation means realization;
- taking into account the abilities improvement of maximal muscle activity mechanisms of energy supply mobilization;
- taking into account the periods of rest and organism rehabilitation;
- during complex estimation of 4 factors (health, physical development, functional state,
biological age). They characterize cadets' puberty;
The leading structural component of cadets' physical qualities tactical scheme formation became gradual and parallel sports polyathlon disciplines means realization. Interconnection in tactics is considered not only between the competitions, but also in the training effects during the preparatory period. They are maximally close to cadets' competitive activity.
The picture presents the tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation owing to the algorithm of kinds of training integration.
Kinds of training: theoretical, tactical, technical, physical, functional, psychological, competitive
Calendar polyathlon competitions
t
Objectives, tasks, means, methods, components of kinds of training
Control, correction and estimation:
Interconnection of control starts and testing normatives of cadets' physical training fulfillment
Interconnection inside the components of physical training
Interconnection between the components of physical
training
Interconnection between educational and training lessons in the system of cadets' physical training formation
Regimens of training effects taking into account the results of complex estimation of adaptation factors to the loads: the 1st - aerobic load with great training volume; the 2n<1 - aerobic-anaerobic
E«
load during the volume of aerobic load decrease and intensity increase: the 1
Picture - Tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation owing to the algorithm of kinds of training
integration
Picture shows that kinds of cadets' training during polyathlon lessons transform into interconnections and interactions in the system of competitions calendar for an academic year. Polyathlon competitions calendar forms a linking part in the algorithm of polyathlon means integration between each other and inside oneself.
The system of cadets' physical training form general and specific means of sports polyathlon disciplines. At the same time the process of training
is oriented toward a complex realization of different training tasks and the objectives taking into account cadets' physical abilities in an age aspect. In tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation the algorithm of means integration is effectively solved in terms of functional training for competitive activity realization, as adaptive-compensatory changes in case of muscle activity provide new qualitative sides of motor actions in running, swimming and shooting. The mechanism formation of adaptive
organism transformation for the loads happens taking into account the specificity of the kinds of sports polyathlon disciplines. Physical loads volume and intensity change depending on cadets' readiness in sports polyathlon disciplines helps to increase significantly physical working capacity and psycho-emotional state more than separate speed and speedpower oriented exercises fulfillment. Competitive exercises of sports polyathlon disciplines fulfillment during the training lessons, provides high level of physical working capacity formation owing to high level of speed, power and endurance.
The questions of interconnection control of all components and kinds of training are solved in physical qualities and volitional abilities display and a positive level of psycho-emotional state formation. Realization of the control starts interconnection system on sports polyathlon disciplines and physical culture normatives fulfillment helps to model the scheme of tactical competitive activity organization. On the basis of a timely correction of strong and weak sides of physical qualities display we organize training effects control and correction. Competitive method realization during physical training formation brings up cadets' rivalry in struggle for competitive activity effectiveness.
An important component in tactical scheme of cadets' physical training formation is the training regimens realization taking into account the results of complex factors estimation. They influence the adaptation to the training loads. We defined 4 factors, such as health, physical development, functional state and biological age of cadets. Each factor was estimated according to 5 point system. Only in case of all factors complex estimation it is possible to regulate the training effects taking into account biological age and the level of readiness. Taking into account gained points cadets were divided into three categories in order to realize the algorithm of the training means of sports polyathlon disciplines integration.
Physical loads intensity in each regimen was regulated taking into account of heart rate index (HR).
The first training regimen was given to cadets with a perfect level of physical readiness according to 4 factors in terms of summarized mark
of 18 to 20 points. This regimen is characterized by great volume of aerobic load realization. The second training regimen was given to the cadets with good mark according to 4 factors - 14-18 points. In this case the training volume was 80% and the intensity of aerobic load decreased owing to the intensity of physical load (of aerobic-anaerobic orientation) increase.
The third training regimen was given to cadets. They had low marks according to 4 factors of physical readiness - from 8 to 13 points. This regimen is characterized by general volume of the load decrease till 50%.
This system of the training effects regulation presents an effective tactical approach. It helps to improve functional state of an organism providing better adaptation to different loads and especially to competitive activity.
Thus, the algorithm of components integration in a tactical scheme of cadets' physical qualities formation during an academic year should be realized by general and specific problems solution of each kind of training sequentially and in a parallel way. Interconnection inside each kind of training using the means of other kind is realized owing to sequent inclusion into a weekly cycle of physical training lessons. We take into consideration the succession scheme of all kinds of training realization in different combinations during functional state control and estimation for correction. It would help to realize an effective cadets' physical readiness formation. Constant physical training process development helps to improve cadets' physical working capacity using permitted ways of organism rehabilitation.
CONCLUSION
Thus, it should be noted that the effectiveness of competitive activity increase in cadets by means of tactical scheme of physical training formation, owing to the algorithm of sports polyathlon disciplines means integration, provides the following things realization:
- regimens of the load taking into account biological age of cadets;
- modeling exercises of competitive activity in kinds of polyathlon;
- complicated conditions by means of artificial obstacles, distorting factors, strong opponents;
- competitive activity intensification owing to attempts increase of distance overcoming in complicated conditions, time for shooting decrease;
- taking into account age related characteristics and the tempo of puberty;
- regimens of training effects realization. They have aerobic, aerobic-anaerobic and anaerobic orientation.
Included into cadet' physical training process methodical techniques in a form of tasks with a distorting factor and an obstacle course. It includes the elements of sports disciplines of polyathlon, provide physical working capacity increase and effectiveness in sports disciplines of polyathlon. Sudden changes in the training environment and objectives and also training lessons out of the stadium, using the situations. They make cadets demonstrate final efforts during different training objectives fulfillment provide training effects integration according to the kinds of training inside and between one another.
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Submitted: 20.02.2021 Author's information:
Zinaida M. Kuznetsova - Doctor of Pedagogics, professor, Naberezhnye Chelny branch of Management University "TISBI", 423806, Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Komsomolskaya naberezhnaya str., House 6, e-mail: kzm diss@mail.ru
Aleksandr A. Loginov - Senior Lecturer, Tyumen presidential cadet college of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defence, 625001, Russia, Tyumen, Lev Tolstoy str., House 1, e-mail: La-1809@bk.ru Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Professor, Yelabuga Institute (branch) Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 423600, Russia, Yelabuga, Kazanskaya str., House 89, e-mail: mutaeva-i@mail.ru
