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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-39-46
Some complex approaches to training micro-cycles formation among cadets-weightlifters taking into account biotypes
Ilyas N. Ibragimov1*, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova2, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva.3
' Tyumen Industrial University Tyumen, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-2158-5872, i-i-n@inbox.ru 2 University of Management 'TISBI" Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-5558-474X, kzm diss@mail.ru 3Yelabuga Institute (branch) of Kazan Federal University Yelabuga, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-9387-7033, mutaeva-i@mail.ru
Abstract: Training cadets-weightlifters at all stages has a multipurpose orientation, that is why it is important to define and plan a rational combination of the training means use. Distribution of such micro structures in the cycle of training, as the days, months of training, provides effective volume, intensity and other values of physical load distribution. The structure of training cadets-weightlifters is based on taking into account the regularities and principles of sports training as the condition for physical readiness and working capacity increase. Any power oriented sports demands components characteristics in the structure of micro cycles. We consider the methodology of the training lessons organization by the example of the micro cycle of training taking into account bioenergetic profile of cadets-weightlifters. We revealed the necessity to distribute the macro cycle to structural components as the condition for the effectiveness of different variants of the training effects distribution. Materials and methods. We analyzed the range of training lessons among cadets-weightlifters in order to create the variants of gradual training problems solution according to the kinds of training. We analyzed training programs of cadets taking into consideration the level of readiness and their bioenergetic profiles. We created the content of the training work in the micro cycle of the preparatory period for cadets-weightlifters with different bioenergetic profiles. The main material of the research includes the ratio of the training effects volume in one micro cycle taking into account cadets' bioenergetic profile. Cadets-weightlifters from Tyumen Higher Military-Engineering Command College (military Institute) took part in the research (Tyumen, Russia). Results. We created the content of the training work by the example of one micro cycle for cadets-weightlifters taking into account bioenergetic profile. The created variant of the training loads structure includes the main means of training taking into account the kind of training. Realization orientation in five regimens of work fulfillment with the effectiveness estimation of a total load within one lesson and a week in general is estimated according to a point system. Conclusion. The created variant of a micro cycle considers kinds of training realization taking into account the percentage of the ratio. Taking into account bioenergetic profiles helps to discuss strong and weak sides of muscle activity energy supply mechanisms. We consider the ability to fulfill a long-term aerobic load among the representatives of the 1st and the 2nd bioenergetic profiles. The representatives of the 3rd and the 4th biotype are inclined to fulfill the mixed load. The representatives of the 5th biotype are characterized by higher degree of anaerobic abilities demonstration. The technology of planning the means taking into account the regimens of work realization with point system helps to increase physical working capacity and rehabilitation processes in cadets' organisms. Keywords: weightlifting, methodology, volume, intensity, variants of a micro cycle, regime.
For citation: Ilyas N. Ibragimov*, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva. Some complex approaches to training micro-cycles formation among cadets-weightlifters taking into account biotypes. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1): 32-37. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-39-46.
INTRODUCTION as a result of purposeful adaptive-compensatory
The effectiveness of physical and functional changes during the loads of different intensity training increase in cadets-weightlifters happens and orientation. An effective training process
management depends on structural components optimization. These components help to control functional state and the peculiarities of an organism adaptation to the conditions of training effects [1,2,3,8]. Only everyday training can guarantee physical activity.
L.D. Nazarenko (2020) in "Adaptive-compensatory changes during muscle activity" monograph underlines the necessity to take into account the regularities of adaptation during sports training management regardless of the kind of sport. The condition for an effective training can become taking into consideration the conditions of a successful adaptation, for example, adaptive-compensatory changes of functional systems during muscle activity in different regimes [7,13].
Taking into account the regularities of cadets' adaptation during weightlifting depending on the types of bioenergetic profile is not studied enough or not studied at all [9,10].
We consider kettlebell lifting as it is an important alternative to power training of cadets. During training means distribution in micro cycles it is necessary to take into account the regularities of adaptive-compensatory functional changes speed-up. It is characterized at the level of physical potential increase with a person's physical health preservation.
It is a well-known fact that power oriented exercises demand an individual approach. Typological approach of the training means distribution taking into account the specificity of the kind and adaptive reaction of an organism to physical loads of different intensity would be effective enough [10,11,14,15].
The specialists widely discuss the questions of a functional state study in the athletes depending on the typology of blood circulation and bioenergetics as the base for adaptive-compensatory changes effectiveness increase in functional processes of an organism [4].
Some authors create and offer model characteristics of athletes' physical working capacity and readiness taking into account individual indices [9].
Taking into account the typology of wrestlers' bioenergetics, in the opinion of the specialists,
approved high results achievement owing to display individualization of energy supply sources. Specialists underline regimes selection taking into account the capacity, power and efficiency of muscle activity energy supply mechanism display. It demands a new approach to structural components of each lesson [8].
The aim of this research work is to discuss the variants of building the components of a micro cycle of training in cadets-weightlifters taking into account their biotype.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed several training lessons of cadets-weightlifters in order to create the variants of successive training objectives solution according to kinds of training. We analyzed the training programs of cadets taking into account the level of readiness and bioenergetic profile. We formed the content of the training work in the micro cycle of preparatory period for cadets of different bioenergetic profile. The main material of the research is the volume of the training effects ratio according to bioenergetic profile. Cadets-weightlifters from Tyumen Higher Military-Engineering Command College (military Institute) took part in the research. The method of express-diagnostics «D&K-TEST» helped to reveal bioenergetic types of cadets. They go in for kettlebell lifting. Taking into account the typology of bioenergetics we analyzed general volume of the training effects according to the kinds of training and the level of training means fulfillment. During the research period since September, 1 till December, 31 cadets filled in an individual protocol of the training means fulfillment according to time and kinds of training. At the end of the experiment the received cadets' initial protocols were analyzed taking into account their bioenergetic profile.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
We defined the typology of cadets' bioenergetics with the help of «D&K-TEST» methodology.
Picture presents distribution of cadets-weightlifters (40 people) without taking into account the qualification according to the profile.
Fig. 1. Distribution of cadets-weightlifters according to bioenergetic profile (amount) Cadets' types of bioenergetic profile revelation showed all five profiles.
Individual protocols of cadets-weightlifters analysis, where they put down training loads fulfillment taking into account kinds of training, showed that their training program differs in the sum of points, gained within one lesson.
In the group of cadets-weightlifters with the first biotype the percentage of kinds of training ratio was the following: general physical training - 1012%; special physical training- 15-20%; technical training - 12-13%; integral - 10-15%; competitive training- 8-10%; exercises fulfillment according to the level of coordinating difficulty was the following: low - 5-6%; average - 45-50%; high - 25-30%.
Planning specific coordinating difficulty exercises, fulfilled in a mixed regime, prevailed in the training process of this group. Individual protocols and competitive activity results analysis in this group of cadets showed that they lack mixed and speedpower oriented load, fulfilled with the pulse 160-190 betas/min. Cadets themselves think that they feel comfortable in the zone of pulse with 140-170 beats/ min. It means that the representatives of an aerobic biotype feel good in terms of aerobic and mixed loads. This group demands rational combination of speed-alactic, aerobic and anaerobic-glycolytic loads. Alactic load among cadets-weightlifters is formed from speed-oriented work fulfillment 8-10 times 10 seconds each and also including jumping exercises till 4000 repulsions Maximal amount of kettle ball lifting within a short time period is a standard exercise for cadets.
In this group the structure of a micro cycle can change depending on the level of physical
readiness and taking into account testing indices.
In the group of cadets with the second biotype the situation is the following: general physical training - 12-15%; special physical training - 10-15%; technical training - 15- 20%; integral training - 10-15%; competitive training -6-8%. Exercises fulfillment according to the level of coordinating difficulty was the following: low -3-5%, average - 35-40%, high - 30-40%.
In this group of cadets-weightlifters the content of a weekly micro cycle was characterized by aerobic, anaerobic, alactic and mixed orientation training effects inclusion. Great attention is paid to competitive training during the preparatory period. It leads to overload of cadets' organisms. During technical objectives realization the training loads were fulfilled with maximal intensity in terms of multiple repetition. It is not desirable for the representatives of this biotype, as such kind of the load can be permitted in case of basic and intensive micro cycles at special-preparatory stage of training. Preparatory period mainly solves the problems of basic training and its stabilization.
In the group of cadets with the 3rd bioenergetic profile the situation was the following: general physical training - 8-10%; special physical; training - 30-45%; technical training - 10-15%; integral training - 5-10%; competitive training -0%. Exercises fulfillment according to the level of coordinating difficulty was the following: average -25%, high - 30%. The variant of the ratio of kinds of training realization in the considered group of cadets with the 3rd biotype prevails specialized
physical training, mainly directed toward difficult specificity and non-specificity of the used exercises.
for coordination exercises of the average and high These groups used cross running because of a low
difficulty fulfillment. level of general endurance and aerobic abilities
In the group with the 4th and the 5th type development. Competitive exercises were fulfilled
of bioenergetic profile among cadets-weightlifters with different interval of rest. general structure of the training loads was The table presents the example of training
characterized by integral training prevalence and works content in the group of cadets-weightlifters
coordinating exercises realization of the average taking into account types of bioenergetic profile.
and high difficulty. The character of the load during They can be varied in different combinations. the lessons alternated taking into account the
Table - Structure and content of training micro cycle in cadets-weightlifters
Weekday Main means of training Orientation of the training effects Volume in hours Summarized load
Monday 1st.2nd profile: Tech.T - 5%; SPT - 30-45%; Tech. - 10-15%. 3rdprofile: GPT - 15%; SPT - 30-45%; Tech.T - 10-15%; it - 10% 4th-5th profile: GPT - 20 %; SPT - 35%; Tech. -10%; IT - 15%. Difficult for coordination exercises of great intensity Alactic Aerobic Mixed 90 min 1st regime -30 points; 2nd regime -40 points; 3rd regime -50 points
Tuesday lst-2ndprofile: GPT - 8%; SPT - 30-%; Tech.T - 15%. 3rd profile: GPT - 10-15%; SPT - 30-45%; Tech.T - 10-15%; IT - 10% 4th-5th profile: GPT - 15-20%; SPT - 25%; Tech.T - 10%; IT - 20%. Difficult for coordination exercises of the average intensity Anaerobic and mixed 90 min 300 points
Wednesday lst-2ndprofile: GPT - 8%; SPT - 30%. 3rd profile: GPT - 10-15%; SPT - 30-45%; Tech.T. - 10-15%; IT - 10% 4th-5th profile: GPT - 15-20%; SPT - 25%; Tech. - 10%; IT - 20% Alactic Aerobic Mixed 90 min 320 points
Thursday Rest, game Mixed 45 100 points
Friday Control training Anaerobic and mixed 90 min 270 points
Saturday lst-2ndprofile: GPT - 8%; SPT - 30%; Tech.T - 15%. Difficult for coordination exercises of power oriented character. 3rd profile: GPT - 10-15%; SPT - 30-45%; Tech.T - 10-15%; IT - 10% 4th-5thprofile: GPT - 15-20%; SPT - 25%; IT - 25%. Difficult for coordination exercises of low intensity Alactic Aerobic Mixed 90 min 300 points
Sunday Rest
' Notes: GPT - general physical training; SPT - special physical training; IT - integral training; TechT - technical training; CT -competitive training
Each lesson planning was realized taking into account the types of bioenergetic profile and cadets' weak and strong sides display according to the indices of muscle activity energy supply. Kinds of training were divided taking into account the results of diaries analysis in highly-qualified weightlifters according to biotypes. It was underlined that the lessons should have a complex character. Where all kinds of training are paid attention to, changing the level of coordinating difficulty. Technical and tactical training are planned taking into account the stages of training.
Special physical training takes a special place in a weekly volume of training effects for the 1st and the 2nd profiles, especially speed-power oriented training. For the 4th and the 5th profiles considerable place is given to general and special endurance. The amount of technical and tactical work increases with each week, taking into account the future competitions. Special attention is paid to competitive exercises. A lot of exercises for dynamic power development are used. Regular work on tactical scheme of a push and a burst according to a short and long way is organized. The volume of the load during the lessons increases owing to intensity increase, though the average index of the load can be decreased. The load for cadets-weightlifters has mainly aerobic-anaerobic orientation. Complex realization of different regimes of the loads at one training lesson provides the capacity and power of the mechanisms of energy supply widening among the cadets-weightlifters of the 3rd, 4th and the 5th types of bioenergetic profile. It is provided by quickness, power and endurance oriented exercises realization.
Variants of the loads volume and intensity change, starting from one lesson, within a week and a month is planned with the initial personal level of physical-functional readiness estimation.
Each lesson estimation according to a point system would help to control the volume and intensity of the training effects influence on cadets' organisms. The point system is based on taking into account the regimes of work: the 1st zone of intensity - pulse till go 140 beats/min; the 2nd regime with heart rate - 140-170 beats/min, the 3rd and the 4th regimes - from 160-190 beats/min till 220 beats/ min. It is realized only in the competitive activity.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the analysis of the load fulfilled by the cadets taking into account their biotype, showed that the training effects individualization is the base for weekly micro cycles organization. If the lessons are held twice a day the volume of the load is conditioned by the time of a training lesson. If a training lesson is held in the morning, the load is the average. If the training lesson is held in the second part of the day, the load is big or small.
Taking into account biotypes leads to good adaptation of an organism to the training effects. In the mesocycles of training each micro cycle includes rehabilitation days. It has a positive influence on functional state of cadets-weightlifters. Different variants of the training loads dynamics are distributed according to micro cycles:
- owing to gradual general volume increase taking into account kinds of training;
- owing to general volume stabilization in terms of work intensity decrease;
- owing to waviness of the loads inclusion taking into account the types of bioenergetic profile.
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Submitted: 20.02.2021 Author's information:
Ilyas N. Ibragimov - Senior Lecturer, Tyumen Industrial University, 625000, Russia, Tyumen, Volodarskogo str., House 38, e-mail: i-i-n@inbox.ru
Zinaida M. Kuznetsova - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, University of Management 'TISBI", 423806, Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Komsomolskaya embankment, House 6, e-mail: kzm diss@mail. ru
Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Professor, Yelabuga Institute (branch) of Kazan Federal University, 423600, Russia, Yelabuga, Kazanskaya str.,House 89, e-mail: mutaeva-i@ mail.ru
