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0SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PROBLEMS OF ARTISTIC TRANSLATION
Khalimova N.A.
Independent researcher, "Silk Road", International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12533552
Abstract. This article explores the specific characteristics and main challenges of artistic translation. It discusses the cultural and linguistic aspects of the translation process, as well as the difficulties in maintaining aesthetic and content congruence between various languages and cultures. The necessity of preserving the original text's style, tone, and aesthetic pleasure in the translation process is emphasized, demanding a high level of creative and analytical skills from the translator. The article analyzes the fundamental principles of translation theory and practice, examining the main problems encountered during the translation process and their solutions.
Keywords: artistic translation, translation theory, linguistic and cultural studies, literary style, cultural adaptation, translation problems, aesthetic pleasure, creative process.
Highlights
Comprehensive Analysis: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the specific characteristics and challenges associated with artistic translation, including the translation of literary and musical works.
Practical Implications: The findings of this study will have practical implications for translators, editors, and scholars working in the field of artistic translation.
Interdisciplinary Approach: This study employs an interdisciplinary approach, combining insights from philology, linguistics, and cultural studies to provide a nuanced understanding of the translation process.
Original Contribution: This study makes an original contribution to the field of translation studies by exploring the specific characteristics and problems of artistic translation in the context of literary and musical works.
INTRODUCTION
The demand and attention for many foreign languages and English is increasing daily. For this reason, the demand for English language teaching, especially translation materials, is expanding. Types of translation are mainly artistic translation, scientific-technical translation, legal translation, medical translation, audio-visual translation, and simultaneous translation, and each of them requires specific professional skills and qualifications^]. The basis of translation is linguistic units and cultural studies, and the translation of any text does not depend only on words. Because in the process of translation, there are various national-cultural words and combinations or names, their correct translation into another language requires high knowledge and high skills from the translator[2].
It is known that the works of many foreign writers and poets have been translated into Uzbek, and this process is in constant progress. A lot of experience has been accumulated in direct translation of the works of the writers of the brotherly nation, and certain schools have been formed. However, the process of translation from the languages of non-fraternal nations directly into Uzbek or vice versa from Uzbek to Western languages is still waiting for many stages. These steps demand many responsibilities from translators. Although many scientists have achieved
commendable scientific achievements in the field of translation theory and practice, due to the continuous development of the language, there is still a need for prominent specialists in this field[3].
Translation theory, in other words, translation studies, is a field of philology aimed at revealing the level of compatibility between two languages, and the essence of their specific features, by summarizing and systematizing the observations made on the translation process, its laws, and original and translated texts. Its task includes determining the role of the translator in the development of national culture, considering practical and theoretical aspects. The research object of the theory of translation is the process of translation, various works that form the basis for the development of the theory of translation and their translated texts[4].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The division of translation theory into general, specific and special theories is one of the generally accepted rules in the field of translation studies. While the general theory of translation studies the foundations of interlanguage, stylistic, and functional compatibility of the universal rules of the translation process, regardless of genre requirements, the specific theory studies the specific features of translation from one concrete language to another[5]. The special theory studies the specific laws of the types of translation divided according to genre and stylistic features. Translation is divided into two types depending on its genre-stylistic appearance. One is a professional (scientific, technical, journalistic, etc.) type of translation, and the other is artistic (poetic, prose) translation. [1.7] The difference between literary translation and other types of translation is that one of its main tasks is to give artistic-aesthetic pleasure, which is one of the bright manifestations of communicative effect in examples of fiction. Literary translation helps the translator to act based on clear principles and to improve his skills[6].
Methodology of work:
Literature Review: A comprehensive review of existing research on artistic translation, focusing on literary and musical works.
Case Studies: In-depth analysis of selected literary and musical works that have been translated into multiple languages, examining the translation strategies employed and the impact on the artistic integrity of the original.
Expert Interviews: Semi-structured interviews with professional translators, editors, and scholars to gather insights on the challenges and strategies involved in artistic translation.
Comparative Analysis: Comparative analysis of the translated works to identify patterns and trends in the translation process and its impact on the artistic integrity of the original.
If we look at the history of translation, we know that there are two approaches to literary translation - linguistics and literary studies. Linguists look for translation laws in lexical, grammatical and textual correspondences. Literary critics focus on the axiological aspects of translation, that is, on the ideological aesthetic and artistic eloquence of the text. They need to achieve aesthetic equivalence in the artistic text [1.9]. Finding the right equivalence and combining it with the language can create a second view of the literary text. That is, if the creation of a work is a creative product, then its correct translation is a new creative product[7].
In recent years, the level of work carried out and translated in the field of world translation has been positively influenced by the harmonious conduct of linguistics and literary studies. At the same time, a linguist and translator working on the translation of an artistic work cannot stay away from the fields of aesthetic analysis and literary studies. While analyzing the scientific
concepts of foreign translation scholars, translation scholar M. Kholbekov emphasizes that in the twenty-first century, translation has become a communicative tool between the people and civilizations of the world, and it is recognized among the supporters of the linguistic and literary aspects of translation [8], [8].
It is reasonable to divide modern translation works into several categories[9]. They are as follows:
- masterpieces of Turkish literature;
- masterpieces of Russian literature;
- masterpieces of Arabic literature;
- Masterpieces of English literature;
- masterpieces of Chinese folk literature[10];
- Masterpieces of Persian-Tajik literature, etc.[11].
In translation, creating an aesthetic effect similar to the original, fully embodying the artistic image may in some cases force the translator to change sentence constructions and use different methods of translation. However, it cannot violate the principles of equivalence and move away from the situational picture. The example and comment given by V. Komissarov can prove this point: "But night-time in this dreadful spot. - Night, when the smoke was changed to fire; when every chimney spurted up its flame; and places, that had been dark vaults all day, now shone red hot, with figures moving to andfrom within their blazing jaws and calling to one another with hoarse cries (Ch, Dickens) А какая страшная была здесь ночы! Ночь, когда дым а превращался в пламя, когда каждая труба полыхала огнем, проемы дверей, сияющие весь лень чернотой озарялись багровым светом, и в их пышущей жаром пасти мстались призраки, сиплыми голосами перекликавшиеся друг с другом (Пер. Н.Волжиной). In this, the translator, first of all, tries and succeeds in artistically describing the terrible scene of the night in the imagination of the homeless girl. In this case, the translator changes the structure of the sentence without translating word for word. ("ночь в этом ужасном месте" — "какая страшная была здесь ночь"), and finds alternatives to some words (changed to fire -превращался в пламя, spurted up flame — полыхала огнем, figures - призраки); describes the situation in a special way: (places that had been dark vaults all day, "там, где весь день были черные склепы", заменяется более понятным "проемы дверей, сияющие весь день чернотой")[12].
RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
It is not difficult to understand that the process of translation is a linguistic and cultural phenomenon, because, two cultures come together in translation. For example, if a translator needs to translate some terms that mean national values, first of all, he looks for words close to the meaning of this subject or term in the second language. If we take the word "xontaxta", we will see that this word is given in the form of a "table" during the translation process. However, in many cases, if the word "table" is used, the English reader will not have deep knowledge about the object "xontaxta" in Uzbek culture. Because there are several differences between "table" and "xontaxta". For this reason, cultural words such as teahouse, circumcision wedding, challar, kuyuv chiqdi, adras, atlas, takhman, do'ppi (scull-cap) are words that require translation and explanation[13].
"Literary translation" means the translation used when works, poetry, literary texts and other artistic works are translated from one language to another. We will try to express the specific features of literary translation based on the following diagram:
Maintaining a literary style
Features of literary translatio
Poetry and images
Figure-1
All these features show that literary translation is a complex and creative process. However, literary translation is not a complete creative process[14]. Because in it, any translator can change the author's feelings and attitude towards the given work with his own views and opinion during the translation process. Therefore, translation problems are common, especially in the translation of literary texts. In addition, the translator must fully understand the form and style of the work of art, as well as understand the specific language and content of the work. Every translation needs to be revised and perfected several times because each language has its characteristics and the cultural experience of each group of readers is different. Let's focus on the characteristics given in the table:
Maintaining a literary style the translator tries to preserve the style, tone and rhythm of the original text. This is very important because the content and originality of a literary work are often hidden in its language. The work can embody the wealth of the entire nation. The next feature is cultural adaptation, in which the translator must take into account not only the language but also the differences between the two cultures during the translation process. This may sometimes require changes in the text to make certain cultural contexts or traditions more understandable to the reader or may be limited to defining a given word[15].
As for poetry and images, when translating poetic works, the translator must try to render the poetic images and symbols in the new language as impressively as possible, while remaining faithful to the original text. Otherwise, the translation will not contain the required content. When translating dialogues, even though it is a little easier than translating a literary work, the translator
tries to preserve the unique speech style of each character, through which the character and mental state of each character are conveyed to the reader[16].
If the work contains an ironic artistic style, when the work is being translated, the translator will need to convey the subtle meanings of the text and the inner sense of humour in the new language. In addition, literary works often contain references to other works or general cultural concepts. They are called intertextual relations. A translator may add additional comments or explanations to make these signs understandable to new language learners[17]. CONCLUSION
In short, literary translation is an extremely complex and deep creative process, as it is related to the art of words. In this process, the main task of the translator is to protect the aesthetic beauty, style and rhythm of the original text. However, this process is not limited to language alone but also includes the integration of two cultures, as well as the complete conveying of the content and spirit of the original text in the new language. During the translation process, the unique speech style and psychological state of each character must be clearly and accurately conveyed to the readers which requires the skills of the translator.
In addition, when translating literary works, translators often face difficulties in adapting irony and artistic style to the new language to preserve the inner content of the work. This process may, out of necessity, require clarification of intertextual connections and the introduction of references for new language learners. Thus, literary translation requires not only language skills but also a deep understanding of cultures and the ability to coordinate them. This, in turn, helps to further develop the translator's creative approach and analytical thinking skills.
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