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14
Rakhmatov F. teacher
german language department Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of Tashkent region
THE ART OF TRANSLATION AND THE HISTORY OF TRANSLATION STUDIES
Annotation: This article is written in the field of translation, which deals with the art and skill of word translation, the skill of a translator for an alternative translation work.
Keywords: translation, the art of translation, translator, word-for-word translation, the problem of equivalent selection, fiction, literature.
Translation is the creative assimilation of the artistic beauty of another language for the creativity of its people, demonstrating the strength and power of the new language and turning the work into an artistic phenomenon of that language. "Translating a work from one language to another is tantamount to skinning it, taking it from one's homeland to a foreign country, and dressing it up in the national costume of that place." Said the Australian writer Carl Kraus.
"Translation is the polishing of the cultural heritage of a people in another language. The science of translation is a science that describes the same styles to specific groups"22.
Translation is a creative work that includes intuition, personal life experience, understanding the meaning of the text, and many other criteria. First of all, it is far from fair that anyone who knows how to write can be a writer, and it is far from the truth that anyone who knows two languages can be a translator.
So far, many works have been translated into other languages, enriching the culture of those peoples. This process is still going on today. This means that the scope of the science of translation does not choose time and space.
So far, many scientific and artistic works have been translated into Uzbek in Uzbek literature, and the Uzbek people accept them as part of their culture.
The development of translation is a product of the development of science and culture. Because where science, culture and enlightenment are developed, people's need for new cultural riches is growing. These needs are often met through translations from other languages. "In the history of translation, the Arabic translation school, translation centers in Andalusia and Bologna play an important role. It was here that translation literally took its first steps and developed. Speaking of which, it is impossible not to recognize the Oriental School of Translation. Scholars such as Al-Beruni, Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Farghani,
22 Dolimov. Z. Tarjima sanati va muammolari. Toshkent: Oqituvchi. 2009. 7-b.
who created during the Renaissance, not only created centuries-old works, but also contributed to the cultural development of the people through the translation of some works created in the field of science around the world."23.
Any translation seems to be an effort to solve a problem that cannot be solved. For it seems that every translator has to go to one of the two barriers, that is, to the specificity of his own people, as a result of his excessive adherence to the originality or originality of the language and style of his people. yo. It is not only difficult to achieve something between the two, but it is really impossible.
"Thousands of years ago, our great scholars Ibn Ruid, Ahmad Fergani, Marwazi, al-Beruni and others were involved in the creation of world-famous original works, as well as in translation.
It is known from history that the Oriental School of Translation operated in Mamun Academy - Dor ul-Hikma. Arabic, Persian, Indian, Jewish, Turkish, and Greek scholars worked together, and their translation work was supervised by scholars from Central Asia."24.
Thanks to the efforts of this school of Oriental translation, samples of ancient culture were translated into Arabic and became popular throughout the East. In particular, the works of Aristotle and Plato have survived only through the translations of Ibn Sina al-Farghani.
Our compatriot, who knew several languages, translated several books from the great Beruni Hindi into Arabic. His goal was to call his people to science, culture, enlightenment, to acquaint them with the masterpieces of neighboring nations.
"Beruni criticized those who distorted the original," he said. He mentions this several times in his book "India". Gulom, Mirtemir and other great poets were poets and translators.
Vsemirnaya literatura (World Literature), opened in Petrograd in 1919, aims to translate into Russian major examples of Eastern and Western literature, as well as prominent works of literature of neighboring nations. had done. The great poets, writers and scientists of their time were involved in the publishing work. Among them were A.Blok, V.Ya.Bryusov, M.L.Lozinsky, K.I.Chukovsky, K.N.Batyushkov, V.A.Smirnov, academicians S.F.Oldenburg, V.M.Alekseev and others. The publishing house continued to operate until 1927, when it was closed due to financial difficulties. During this period, 120 books were published. These included works by Honore de Balzac, Guy de Mopassan, Victor Hugo, Roman Rolland, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Schiller, George Byron, Mark Twain, Jack London, and other foreign writers and poets.
23 Amaepoea P.P. Tap^HMa Ha3apHacn Ba aM&meTH ^aHngaH Ma*bpy3a MaTHH yprarn 2008. - 16 6.
24 Amaepoea P.P. Tap^HMa Ha3apnacH Ba aM&meTH ^aHngaH Maipy3a MaTHH ypraHH 2008. - 17 6.
Vsemirnaya literatura has been working for a total of eight years, but its historical experience has become a great creative school. 25.
B. Pasternak, a representative of Russian literature, also showed excellent examples of literary translation. While translating the works of European classics, including William Shakespeare and Johann Wolfgang Goethe, he challenged the principle of literal, literal translation.
The poets and scholars named above demanded that all translators preserve the ideological content, style, and national color of the original.
"The language of fiction in relation to the language of everyday communication," writes AV Fedorov, "is a language developed by masters of words."
Translation is a tool for direct spiritual communication between nations. Because it conveys the cultural riches, centuries-old noble aspirations, ideas and views of the people to the people who speak another language, demonstrates the book of the people's hearts.
Works of fiction written in different languages of the world are exchanged in a great way. Without translation, there can be no "pure" national "clear" culture, no unchanging "pure language" of literature, which develops only at the expense of its own internal resources and does not enjoy the cultural riches created by other peoples far and near. it's not.
Without translation, the immortal monuments of science and art built by national cultures and the great geniuses of humanity would be isolated.
Translation is a weapon of internationalism and friendship of peoples. Through translation, national cultures enrich each other. Its unique influence is felt everywhere in language, in thought, in cultural and literary life, in art. Translation plays a major role, especially in fiction, which is a word art.
The fact that the literature of fraternal peoples and progressive world literature is being translated into Uzbek testifies to the great success of our translation studies. It serves to bring our national culture closer to the best traditions of the cultures of the peoples of the world, to strengthen the friendship between the peoples and to allow Uzbek readers to enjoy the samples of world progressive literature.
In conclusion, most of the world events in science, culture and technology are popular due to direct translation. The educational, political, ideological and aesthetic significance of literary translation, as well as the fact that the role of enlightenment will continue to grow, stems from the demands of the times.
Translation work is of great importance in fulfilling the sacred task of educating our people in the spirit of friendship of peoples, enjoying the great achievements of the development of world science, technology, culture and social thought.
25 ffl.®03H^0Ba, ,3,.CyOTOHOBa. Tap^HMa MyTaxaccHcnHrara Knpnm (Ma"bpy3a^ap MaTHn) CaMap^aHg - 2007
References:
1.Dolimov. Z. Tarjima sanati va muammolari. Toshkent: Oqituvchi. 2009. 7-b.
2.Aллaёровa P.P. Таржима назарияси ва амалиёти фанидан маъруза матни Урганч 2008. - 17 б.
3.Ш.Фозилова, Д.Султонова. Таржима мутахассислигига кириш (маърузалар матни) Самарканд - 2007
