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объектов, их контекста и исторического значения, используя трехмерные модели в качестве основы для более глубокого анализа.
Обучение и образование: фотограмметрия может быть широко использована в образовательных целях, обучая студентов и исследователей методам восстановления и анализа объектов.
Практические приложения: внедрение результатов исследования в реальные практические проекты, такие как восстановление памятников культуры или использование для планирования исследований в географической области.
Исследования в области фотограмметрии в географических и исторических исследованиях продолжают шагать вперед, открывая новые горизонты для изучения и понимания прошлого и настоящего. Усилия в этой области приведут к новым открытиям и возможностям в области сохранения и исследования культурного наследия.
Список использованной литературы:
1. S. Johnson. "Photogrammetry: A Comprehensive Review" p. 25-35
2. M. Brown, L. Smith. "Applications of Photogrammetry in Cultural Heritage Documentation: A Review" p. 7892
3. K. Lee, D. Miller. "Advancements in Photogrammetric Techniques for Terrain Modeling" p. 40-55
4. E. Garcia-Duralde et al. "Digital Heritage Documentation: State-of-the-Art Review" p. 60-75
5. Kovalsky. "The Integration of Photogrammetry and GIS in Historical Research" p. 102-115
©Башимов А.Ш., 2023
УДК 338.48
Бердыева А.Х.,
кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули
Гочмырадова Е.Н., преподаватель,
Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули
г. Ашхабад, Туркменистан
СОСТОЯНИЕ ГОТОВНОСТИ ПРИРОДНЫХ ДОСТОПРИМЕЧАТЕЛЬНОСТЕЙ ДЛЯ ОРГАНИЗОВАННОГО ТУРИЗМА
Аннотация
Статья посвящена горной части Восточного Туркменистана, где сосредоточены редкие природные достопримечательности на сравнительно небольшой площади Говурдак-Койтендагского района, представляющие интерес для организованного туризма. Наиболее интересной достопримечательностью района является плато следов динозавров, расположенное на северо-западном склоне хребта Койтендага. В современных условиях туризм является одной из перспективных сфер экономической деятельности, и необходимы новые подходы в активизации туристической инфраструктуры.
Ключевые слова:
природные достопримечательности, палеонтологический объект, пещеры, следы динозавров, туристические объекты, международное научное сотрудничество, организованный туризм
Berdiyeva A.H.,
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences
Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly
Gochmyradova E.N., teacher,
Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
STATE OF READINESS OF NATURAL SITES FOR ORGANIZED TOURISM
Annotation:
The article is devoted to the mountainous part of the Eastern Turkmenistan, where the rare natural wonders are concentrated on the relatively small area of the Govurdak-Koytendag region, which are of interest to organized tourism. The most interesting sight of the region is the plateau of dinosaur footprints located on the northwestern slope of the Koytendag ridge. In modern conditions, tourism is one of the promising areas of economic activity, and new approaches are needed to activate the tourism infrastructure.
Key words:
natural attractions, paleontological site, gorges, traces of dinosaurs, tourist sites, international scientific cooperation, organized tourism
In the very east of Turkmenistan, the spurs of the mighty Hissar Range, being a part of the Pamir-Alay mountain system, rise high. This mountain range is called
Koytendag - "impassable". Indeed, the eastern slopes of the ridge are cut by many canyons and gorges with high, hundreds of metres high cliffs. On its western side there is a famous nature reserve, agricultural lands are spread, here - in the depths of this region - a unique pantry of natural wealth. The monuments of nature, such as the plateau of dinosaurs the village of Hodzheypil - a world-famous paleontological site that has preserved traces of dinosaurs of the Upper Jurassic Era, the Umbardere waterfall, the majestic Kyrkgyz grotto, the grove of relict trees Unabi, the most beautiful caves and failures of the western slope of Koytendag, which are a kind of "archives" of the geological history of the Earth.
Among the local attractions are the highest mountain peak in the country- Airy-Baba (3139 metres), healing hydrogen sulfide springs, endemic species of flora and fauna, rare plants and animals listed in the International Red Data Book. So, in the mountainous part of the Eastern Turkmenistan, the rare natural wonders are concentrated on the relatively small area of the Govurdak-Koytendag region, which are of interest to organized tourism [1]. This region became the venue for the first international scientific expedition "Nature of Turkmenistan: Undiscovered Wonders of Koytendag", taken place in 2011 with participation of scientists and experts from the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Finland, Russia and Turkmenistan to establish cooperation in the field of study natural landscapes and sights, the diversity of flora and fauna of our country.
The expedition members visited the Hodzheypil dinosaur plateau, the Gapgotan cave, the waterfall in the Umbar-Dere gorge, discussed the prospects for further joint study of the region and the promotion of natural monuments as tourist sites. The main attention was focused on the issues of international scientific cooperation for study, protection of the natural resources of the region and development of the international tourism in the region. The most interesting sight of the region is the plateau of dinosaur footprints located on the northwestern slope of the Koytendag ridge. More than 600 traces of ancient reptiles have been recorded on it. Nearby there are several more inclined similar, but smaller, trace-bearing fields, and the number of traces in them exceeds a thousand. The tectonic movements took place here, leading to the landslide phenomena. According to the nature of the bedding of rocks, in the Jurassic period, the ancient sea became shallow, vast spaces with swampy lakes and lagoons appeared. This region is now located in the zone of extratropical deserts with a sharply continental dry arid climate.
However, in the Jurassic period, the climate was different, humid, and conducive to the growth of lush vegetation on the dry land. Then came the aridization of the climate. The accumulation of sandy-argillaceous strata gave way to the deposition of calcareous and chemical sediments, redcoloured strata. The sedimentation of the Upper Jurassic limestones gave way to the accumulation of a thick layer of anhydrite gypsum and rock salt with potassium salt horizons. The climate changed, but was favourable for the development of dinosaur fauna. Since there was also lush vegetation, reservoirs well warmed up by the sun, which created a natural environment very favourable for the life of prehistoric giants. Ferns, horsetails and various other plants grew on the humid lowlands, on the coast mof the shallow sea, and this is what the ancient lizards ate. Since the sand-lime substrate of the beach was wet, the traces of pangolins in a warm climate quickly "set". Our research has established that the herd of dinosaurs at the Hodzheypil was small, only 13-14 individuals. They roamed the ancient beach in search of food, leaving many footprints. Familiarization of the nature lovers with underground world of the region is an equally important tourist destination. These are karst caves being unique in their slick decoration. Of these, only three caves on Koytendag and one on Govurdak are currently suitable for tourists to visit.
The first recommended for acquaintance is the Gapgotan cave with the length of its galleries over 56 kilometres. It is located at the beginning of the mouth of a small gorge, along which the road comes to the very entrance - an adit carved into the limestone. The sinter decoration of the cave is magnificent: the marble onyx here is the most diverse - light and dark, sometimes spotty-striped with a concentric zonal structure. The floors of some galleries are real thickets of stone anthodite flowers and helectites against the background of snow-white gypsum and calcite stalactites and stalagmites. One can see frozen stone waterfalls, Gothic columns, curtains descending from the ceiling, flags made of striped marble onyx. The entrance to the cave is free at the same time for several dozen people from a spacious platform.
The second cave is Khashymoyik with length of more than 3 kilometres. It was formed at the contact of gypsum and limestones of the Upper Jurassic age. Vehicles can come close to the entrance to the cave, which is located at the bottom of the failed funnel. The entrance is quite spacious for several people. Immediately from the entrance, one has to overcome a steep descent along a wide cave gallery, leading to a large hall with a flat clay floor. Further, the cave branches into many small galleries, passages and manholes. The height of the arches increases, and a hall of gypsum stalagmites up to 4-5 metres high opens up. In some halls, snow-white gypsum forms shapeless heaps in the form of icebergs, and sometimes fabulous animals resembling dinosaurs, elephants, and birds. Despite the short length of the galleries, the cave is insidious in that the existing paths go in a circle, which can make you get lost. There are prospects for discovering unknown natural dungeons on the western slope of Koytendag. So, in the area of the Svintsovy Rudnik Township, the Tazecharva cave with length of about 100 metres, rich in sinter formations of marble onyx, was discovered. The cave has a horizontal configuration and is quite accessible for organized visits.
There are also natural attractions near the Govurdak, where a deposit of virgin sulfur has been developed for many years. In 1976, during overburden work, a cave, unique in its slick decoration, was discovered, which was called Govurdak. It represents a system of several kilometers long labyrinths. In modern conditions, tourism is one of the promising areas of economic activity, and new approaches are needed to activate the domestic tourism industry, to direct special efforts to the further development of tourism infrastructure [2].
Bibliography:
1. Бердиева А.Х., Курбандурдыева Э.К. Развитие туризма в условиях модернизации экономики страны. //Материалы I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием. Под общ. ред. А.Н. Полухиной. 2015. С.75-81.
2. Бердиева А.Х., Ходжаева Э.Н. Индустрия туризма и сервиса: состояние, проблемы, эффективность, инновации: сборник статей по материалам IX Международной научно-практической конференции (28 апреля 2022 г.). - Н. Новгород: Мининский университет, 2022. С.165-168.
© Бердыева А.Х., Гочмырадова Е.Н., 2023
