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Секция «Актуальные на учные проблемы в мире (глазами молодьш исследователей)»
УДК 658.7
КОНТРАБАНДА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
К. М. Наумочкина, М. П. Иванова Руководитель по иностранному языку - Е. В. Астапенко
Сибирский государственный аэрокосмический университет имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева
Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31
Рассмотрены основные аспекты контрабанды в Российской Федерации. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на активность контрабанды. Изучены основные цели политики Российской Федерации направленные на борьбу с контрабандой.
Ключевые слова: контрабанда, борьба с контрабандой, политика Российской Федерации, ввоз, вывоз, таможенная граница, таможенная территория.
SMUGGLING IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
K. M. Naumochkina, M. P. Ivanova
Foreign Language Supervisor - E. V. Astapenko
Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University 31, Krasnoyarsky Rabochy Av., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation
This article describes the main aspects of smuggling in the Russian Federation. The factors influencing the activity of smuggling. Studied the main objectives of the policy of the Russian Federation to combat smuggling.
Keywords: smuggling, fight against smuggling, the policy of the Russian Federation, import, export, customs border, customs territory.
The present and the future of any country depends not only on its internal development, but also on the nature of its outward connections. This connection is carried out mostly through the border and in a specific area (customs territory and customs border), and it predetermines the necessity of developing Russia's customs politics in general and struggle with smuggling in particular on a fundamentally important place in the system of realization of Russia's national interests.
As a social phenomenon, smuggling is expressed by substantial import/export of goods and other material items with violation of laws and conditions, which leads to destroying of main institutes and social and governmental systems.
Analysis of service activity of customs and border authorities shows that, at a modern stage, the main goods that are being smuggled on the international traffic routes are:
1. Export - energetic resources, strategic goods and materials, non-ferrous metals, weapons and ammunition of Russian origin, antiques, wood, seafood, medication and other goods;
2. Import - alcoholic drinks, tobacco products, cars, weapons, ammunition and explosives of foreign origin, drugs, drug-containing raw materials and other goods.
The activity of smuggling operations depends on internal and external factors. External factors which threaten the economical safety of Russia and aid smuggling are:
1. Predominance of raw material goods in Russian export, loss of traditional markets of military and heavy machinery;
2. Russia's dependence on import of many types of goods, including strategic goods and food;
3. Underdevelopment of modern financial, organizational, transport and informational infrastructures of Russia's supporting of export's competitiveness and rationalization of import's structure.
Internal factors which threaten the economical safety of Russia and aid smuggling are:
1. Extrusion of domestic good producers, especially consumer goods, from internal market by foreign companies;
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2. Imperfections of laws, monopoly and dishonesty of many economical subjects in Russian market, their poor legal, financial and negotiable discipline;
3. Criminalization of economics and corruption in the field of economy, mass concealment of revenue and tax avoidance, illegal financial transactions to other countries.
Smuggling is a relatively notorious occurrence in life of Russian society, and throughout the history of Russia, fight against smuggling has been an important matter of the state. Therefore, the state is taking various measures in fighting smuggling.
In the structure of Russia's law enforcement that is engaged in defense of the state's economical interests and safety, customs authorities occupy a special place. They are entrusted with implementation of customs, which is defined as «a set of methods and tools of enforcement of customs and tariff regulation as well as restrictions and prohibitions, pursuant to the law of Russian Federation on the State Regulation of Foreign Trade Activities connected with moving of goods and vehicles through the customs border».
In the process of implementation of customs politics and fighting smuggling two groups of goals are being realized: legal and economical.
Economical goals of customs authorities are connected with fiscal and regulative functions of customs. Fiscal function is aimed at revenue performance of state's budget at the expense of levying customs duties and taxes. Regulative (protectionist) functions is designed to stimulate the development of national economics, defense of domestic market, providing new international investments by establishing customs tariffs, restrictions, prohibitions, licensing and quoting.
Protecting national interests in a country's customs area must envisage the implementation of a set of political, economical, operative, militaristic, regime, legal, administrative, border, environmental, social and other measures of the state and its customs authorities to detect, prevent and parry of threats to Russia's national safety, counteraction to smuggling.
References
1. Stepashin S. V. Economicheskaya bezopasnoctj Rossijskoy Federazii (Economic security of the Russian Federation) : Textbook for universities. Under the General editorship of S. V. Stepashin. M., Publishing House "Fallow Deer", 2001.
2. Larichev V. D., Milekhina E. V., Orlova E. A., etc. Prestupleniya v sfere zarubezhnoy economicheskoy dejateljnosty (the Crime in the sphere of foreign economic activity) // Publishing house "Exam". 2002.
3. Vakulenko A. V. O ponyatii "kontrabanda" v urisprudenzii RF I mezhdunarodnyh zakonah (About the concept of "smuggling" in the legislation of the Russian Federation and international law). Policy and law, 9, 2004.
© HayMOHKHHa K. M., №aHOBaM. n., 2016
