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12Медицина труда и промышленная экология — 2019; 59 (9)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-838-839 Turner M.C.
Shift work and cancer
Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Doctor Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, Spain, 08003
Circadian disruption and night-shift work have been associated with a range of acute and chronic health effects including cardiometabolic diseases, obesity, as well as breast and prostate cancer. Circadian disruption may also affect the health of the general population because of widespread mistimed lifestyle practices including mistimed eating and sleep patterns and increasing exposure to light-at-night and particularly blue light spectrum through the use of e-readers, LEDs and smartphones. New epidemiological evidence on the effects of circadian disruption and light-at-night in workers and the general population will be presented, and mechanisms of disease and potential preventive measures discussed. Keywords: night shift work; circadian disruption; sleep; light at night
For citation: Turner M.C. Shift work and cancer. Med. truda i prom ekol. 2019; 59 (9).
http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-838-839
For correspondence: Michelle Turner, E-mail: michelle.turner@isglobal.org
Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Тернер М.С.
Сменная работа и рак
Институт глобального здравоохранения Барселоны, ул. доктора Айгуадера, 88, Барселона, Испания, 08003
Нарушение циркадного ритма и работа в ночную смену связаны с рядом острых и хронических последствий для здоровья, включая кардиометаболические заболевания, ожирение, а также рак молочной железы и простаты. Нарушение циркадного ритма может также влиять на здоровье населения в целом из-за широко распространенной практики неправильного образа жизни, включая нарушение режима питания и сна, а также увеличение воздействия света в ночное время, особенно синей части спектра за счет использования электронных считывателей, светодиодов и смартфонов. Представлены новые эпидемиологические данные о последствиях нарушения циркадного ритма и освещенности в ночное время для работающих и населения в целом, а также обсуждены механизмы заболевания и возможные профилактические меры.
Ключевые слова: работа в ночную смену; нарушение циркадного ритма; сон; свет в ночное время
Для цитирования: Тернер М.С. Сменная работа и рак. Мед. труда и пром. экол. 2019; 59 (9).
http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-838-839
Для корреспонденции: Мишель Тернер, E-mail: michelle.turner@isglobal.org Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Introduction. This review will provide an overview of the prostate cancer among men, with fewer studies of other
current state of the epidemiological evidence on shift work, cancer sites. Results of an updated forthcoming evaluation
circadian disruption, and cancer risk, including a discussion of shift work that involves circadian disruption by IARC
of potential preventive measures. will be presented. Results from other recent studies have
Methods. An expert up to date evaluation of the current also noted the importance of timing in studies on diet and
state of the scientific evidence on the potential cancer health cancer, with adherence to diurnal eating patterns and a long
effects of shift work that involves circadian disruption is being interval between last meal and sleep associated with a lower
conducted by the International Agency for Research on Can- cancer risk. Both breast and prostate cancer risk were also
cer (IARC), the cancer research agency of the World Health recently associated with higher levels of estimated outdoor
Organisation (WHO), in June of 2019. There are also a num- exposure to artificial light at night in the blue-enriched
ber of recent and ongoing epidemiological studies examining light spectrum in Spain [2, 3]. Results of studies examin-
the effect of mistimed lifestyle practices including mistimed ing circadian rhythms of steroid hormones and melatonin
eating and sleep patterns, and increasing exposure to light- as possible underlying mechanisms of night shift work and
at-night, including the blue light spectrum, and cancer risk, cancer risk have noted complex endocrine pathways to dis-
including in several studies conducted in Spain including in ease involving a range of hormones. Several epidemiological
the large-scale MCC-Spain population-based case — control studies have also examined associations of different indices
study. of sleep and sleep duration, both breast, and prostate cancer
Results. Shift work affects a large proportion of the risk with mixed results observed. labour force, approximately 20% of workers worldwide. Conclusions. Shift work and circadian disruption are asIn 2007, shift work that involves circadian disruption was sociated with a range of acute and chronic health effects includ-classified by IARC as a probable human carcinogen (Group ing cancer. There is also emerging evidence regarding the effect 2A),based on sufficient evidence in experimental animals of light at night and mistimed lifestyle practices in the general for the carcinogenicity of light during the daily dark pe- population, though further research is needed to examine such riod and limited evidence in humans for shift work that factors more extensively. Few recommendations for better adap-involves night work [1]. The majority of epidemiological tation to circadian disruption due to night shift work are based studies have focused on breast cancer among women and on solid evidence.
Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology — 2019; 59 (9)
REFERENCES
1. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Painting, firefighting, and shiftwork. IARC Mono-grEvalCarcinog Risks Hum. 2007; 98: 9-764.
2. Cordina-Duverger E, Menegaux F, Popa A, et al. Night shift work and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of population-based
case-control studies with complete work history. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2018; 33: 369-79.
3. Kogevinas M, Espinosa A, Castello A, et al. Effect of mistimed eating patterns on breast and prostate cancer risk (MCC-Spain Study). Int. J. Cancer. 2018; 143: 2380-9.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-839-840 Schuz J., Weiderpass E.
Global cancer burden and the urgency of rigorous cancer control
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France, 69372
Cancer is increasing worldwide and mainly because of the increase in life expectancy it is projected that the number of annually newly diagnosed cancer cases raises from 17.0 million today to 27.5 million in 2040, an increase by 61.4%, that must be reversed. From evaluations of the carcinogenicity of substances it is estimated that about 40% of today's cancers are preventable, but implementation of primary prevention needs to be more rigorous and structured. Occupational cancers resulting from workplace exposures account for an estimated 3-5% of the total cancer burden and are among the preventable ones. The present review gives an overview of global cancer statistics, successful cancer control measures through primary and secondary prevention, and the role of occupational hygiene in reducing the occupational cancer burden. Keywords: cancer prevention; cancer control
For citation: Schuz J., Weiderpass E. Global cancer burden and the urgency of rigorous cancer control. Med. truda i prom ekol. 2019; 59 (9). http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-839-840 For correspondence: Schuz J., E-mail: schuzj@iarc.fr Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Шюц Й., Вайдерпасс Э.
Глобальное бремя злокачественных новообразований и неотложность строгого контроля рака
Международное агентство по изучению рака, 150, Альбер Тома, Лион, Франция, 69372
Число случаев злокачественных новообразований растет во всем мире, что в основном связано с увеличением продолжительности жизни. Согласно прогнозу, ежегодно регистрируемое число впервые диагностированных случаев злокачественных новообразований к 2040 году увеличится с 17,0 миллионов до 27,5 (на 61,4%). Около 40% современных видов злокачественных новообразований можно предупредить, однако первичная профилактика должна быть более строгой и структурированной. Профессиональные злокачественные новообразования составляют 3-5% их общего бремени и относятся к числу предотвратимых. В обзоре представлены обобщенные данные глобальной статистики злокачественных новообразований, успешных мер по борьбе с ними путем первичной и вторичной профилактики, а также о роли гигиены труда в снижении бремени профессиональных злокачественных новообразований. Ключевые слова: профилактика рака; борьба с злокачественными новообразованиями
Для цитирования: Шюц Й., Вайдерпасс Э. Глобальное бремя злокачественных новообразований и неотложность строгого контроля рака. Мед. труда и пром. экол. 2019; 59 (9). http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-839-840 Для корреспонденции: Шюц Й., E-mail: schuzj@iarc.fr Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Introduction. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the global cancer burden and the projected time trends of the cancer burden into the future, as well as an overview of what is known on preventable cancers and implementation of cancer control.
Methods. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the cancer research agency of the World Health Organisation (WHO), provides the most comprehensive statistics on the global cancer burden, based on data obtained from all population-based cancer registries from around the world and with estimations for countries not covered by cancer registration. With the IARC monograph program on the evaluation of human carcinogens and the IARC handbooks on cancer prevention, successful prevention measures can be identified, leading to recommendations to health-decision makers, regulators or the general public of how to reduce
the cancer risk, for example done in IARC's European Code against Cancer.
Results. It is projected that the annual number of new cancer cases raises by 61.4% from 17.0 million in 2018 to 27.5 million in 2040. In other words, over this entire time period, around 500 million people will be diagnosed with cancer leading to a high burden of premature deaths, high suffering, spiralling economic costs and a too high demand of medical staff. About 40% of cancer today was preventable if what we know about successful primary prevention and early detection of cancer would be rigorously and systematically applied. Instead prevention is scattered, under-resourced, lacks awareness and vested interests create too many barriers in strict implementation. Occupational cancers constitute about 3-5% of the total and around 10-12% of the preventable cancers, avoidable with respective worker protection
