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9AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY VARIETIES PEAS DEPENDING ON INOCULATION
AND PLANT PROTECTION
Vozhehova R.,
Doctor of science, Director, Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS
Sorokunskyi S., Graduate student, Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS
Kokovikhin S.
Doctor of science, Deputy Director for Science, Institute ofIrrigated Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine
Vozhehov S.,
Doctor of science, Science secretory, Rice Institute of the NAAS of Ukraine Drobitko A.
Doctor of science, Dean of the Faculty of Agrotechnology, Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Abstract
The formation of seed peas yield is closely dependent on the varietal composition, seed inoculation before sowing and plant protection. It was determined that the maximum yield of seed peas is provided by the varieties Tsarevich (2.19 t/ha) and Darunok Stepu (2.08 t/ha), the lowest result in the range of 1.70-1.75 t/ha was obtained when growing varieties Oplot and Svit. The use of Biogel inoculant was the most effective, as it contributed to the growth of seed productivity of plants by 3.3-6.9%. Chemical protection of plants provided an increase in the yield of seed peas, on average, by 38.2% compared to the control. The parameters of adaptability of the studied varieties varied in a wide range depending on the influence of natural and agrotechnical factors. The minimum stress resistance was recorded in the variety Darunok Stepu, and in the variety Oplot this indicator increased by 44.9%. The homeostatic value of the maximum value of 44.2 was formed by the variety Tsarevich, and this indicator also had a high level in the variety Oplot - 41.9. The selection value acquired the maximum values when growing the variety Tsarevich (1.44), and the worst result was in the variety Svit.
Keywords: peas, variety, seeds, inoculant, plant protection, productivity, yield, adaptability.
In seed production, the most effective way to increase peas yields is to introduce new high-yielding varieties with increased resistance to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, one of the real reserves for increasing grain production of this crop is not so much varietal renewal as variety renewal [1]. Peas have a very low reproduction rate - 5-8 units, but the techniques of seed technology can increase it by 1.5-2 times . Studies have shown that reducing the sowing rate to 0.6 million units/ha in combination with the three-row belt method of sowing allows to save 50% of scarce seeds per sowing per hectare, double the sowing area and reproduction rate and obtain high quality healthy seeds [2, 3]. For the practical selection evaluation of varieties and selection lines, the most suitable indicator is the selection value, especially since there is no need to calculate variances to determine it. The index of selection resistance is most suitable primarily for genetic research, but it can also be used for selection work and in seed production - to establish the response of varieties to stress factors [4, 5].
Determined on average, over the years of research, the yield of the seed peas reflected the trends that were
identified in some years. Thus, a large range of fluctuations of this indicator in terms of varietal composition was noted: Tsarevich - 2.19 t/ha; Darunok Stepu - 2.08; Otaman - 1.89; Svit - 1.75; Oplot - 1.70 t/ha (Table 1). Compared with the highest value of yield on the variety Tsarevich showed a decrease of 5.3%, 15.9, 25.1 and 28.8%, respectively, illustrating the importance of selection of varietal composition in the cultivation of the studied crop.
Seed inoculation before sowing (factor B) was more effective in the Biogel variant, but its advantage over the AKM was not characterized by high statistical significance. So, for example, for growing peas Svit yield increased by 6.9%, Darunok Stepu - 4.1, Otaman - 4.5, Tsarevich - 3.4, Oplot - 3.3%. Note that in the version without protection, the leading factor of yield was the variety of products. For example, growing peas variety Tsarevich in such conditions provided a yield of 2.01 t/ha, and in the case of the variety Oplot similar average value did not exceed 1.54 t/ha, illustrating the decrease in yield by 30.5%.
Table 1
Yield of sown peas depending on varietal composition, inoculation seeds before sowing and plant protection, t/ha (average for 2018-2020)
Variety (factor А) Inoculant (factor B) Plant protection (factor C) Average by
without protection biological chemical B A
Darunok Stepu Control (water) 1,53 1,99 2,21 1,91 2,08
AKM 1,67 2,30 2,39 2,12
Biogel 1,74 2,36 2,53 2,21
Svit Control (water) 1,30 1,63 1,85 1,59 1,75
AKM 1,41 1,83 2,03 1,76
Biogel 1,56 2,02 2,10 1,89
Oplot Control (water) 1,32 1,57 1,75 1,54 1,70
AKM 1,43 1,86 1,94 1,74
Biogel 1,48 1,91 2,01 1,80
Otaman Control (water) 1,41 1,71 2,05 1,72 1,89
AKM 1,56 2,00 2,20 1,92
Biogel 1,68 2,10 2,26 2,01
Tsarevich Control (water) 1,72 2,07 2,23 2,01 2,19
AKM 1,87 2,43 2,44 2,24
Biogel 1,87 2,51 2,57 2,32
Average by factor C 1,57 2,02 2,17
LSD05, t/ha: medium (main effects): A - 0.09; B - 0.08; C - 0.012 partial differences: A - 0.06; B - 0.05; C - 0.07
Chemical protection of plants (factor C), as in previous years, proved to be the most effective, increasing the yield to 2.17 t/ha, or 38.2% compared to the control option, where the average value did not exceed 1.57 t/ha. The results of the study proved that the biological form of protection is somewhat inferior to the chemical one, as the yield in the variant with biological treatment decreased to 2.02 t/ha, or by 7.4%. At the same time, the advantage of the latter compared to the control group reaches 22.3%, indicating its effectiveness.
The parameters of adaptability of the studied varieties depending on the protection of plants as a whole reflected the trends that were previously established with respect to seed inoculation options before sowing. Thus, the stress resistance of the highest negative level (-1.00) was reached in the variant with the variety Gift of the Steppe. During the cultivation of the Oplot variety, this indicator increased to -0.69 or 44.9%. Varieties Otaman and Tsarevich occupied an intermediate position - they had a stress resistance of -0.85.
Genetic flexibility has increased to 2.15 in the variant with the variety Tsarevich. Also, this figure was high in the variety Darunok Stepu - 2.03, and in the variant with the variety Oplot reached the minimum level - 1.67, which is 21.6-28.7% less than the varieties Darunok Stepu and Tsarevich. The variability of seed peas yields was at the average level. The tendency of decrease of variation at varieties Tsarevich (10,4%) and Oplot (14,9%) and, on the contrary, growth of this indicator to 17,3%, in a variant with a grade the Gift of Steppe is defined.
The homeostatic maximum value of 44.2 was formed by the variety Tsarevich, and in the variety Svit this indicator decreased to 33.5 or 31.9%. Also a high value of homeostaticness showed the variety Oplot -41.9. The selection value of the maximum value acquired in the variant with the variety Tsarevich (1.44),
and during the cultivation of the variety Svit it decreased by 37.1% (to 1.05).
The formation of seed peas yield is closely dependent on the varietal composition, seed inoculation before sowing and plant protection. It was determined that the maximum yield of seed peas is provided by the varieties Tsarevich (2.19 t / ha) and Darunok Stepu (2.08 t/ha), the lowest result in the range of 1.70-1.75 t/ha was obtained when growing varieties Oplot and Svit. The use of Biogel inoculant was the most effective, as it contributed to the growth of seed productivity of plants by 3.3-6.9%. Chemical protection of plants provided an increase in the yield of seeds peas, on average, by 38.2% compared to the control. The parameters of adaptability of the studied varieties varied in a wide range depending on the influence of natural and agrotechnical factors. The variability of seed peas yields was at the average level, there was an increase in this indicator to 17.3%, in the variant with the variety Darunok Stepu. The homeostatic value of the maximum value of 44.2 was formed by the variety Tsare-vich, and this indicator also had a high level in the variety Oplot - 41.9. The selection value acquired the maximum values when growing the variety Tsarevich (1.44), and the worst result was in the variety Svit.
References
1. Vozhehova R., Kokovikhin S., Lykhovyd P. , Balashova H., Lavrynenko Yu., Biliaieva I., Mar-kovska O. Statistical yielding models of some irrigated vegetable crops in dependence on water use and heat supply. Journal of water and land development. 2020, No. 45. P. 190-197.
2. Kovalenko V., Kokovikhin S., Dobrovolska E., Korzhenivska N., Kozak O. Value of photosynthesis in growing meadow clover depending on technology elements. Engineering for rural development. Jelgava, 26-
28.05.2021. P. 1638-1641
3. Vozhehova R., Kokovikhin S., Misievych O., Vlashchuk A., Pryshchepo M., Shapar L., Lykhovyd P., Drobit O., Konashchuk O., Naidionov V. Influence of herbicides on seed productivity and sowing qualities of white melilot in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. AgroLife Scientific Journal. 2019. Vol. 8, No 2. P. 174-181.
4. Khangildin V. V., Biryukov S. V. The problem of homeostasis in genetic selection research. Genetic
and cytological aspects in the selection of agricultural animals and plants. 1984. Vol. 1. P. 67-76.
5. Sapega V. A. Productivity and parameters of adaptability of varieties of grain crops in the forest-steppe of the Northern Trans-Urals. Reports of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 2010. Vol. 3. P. 10-14.
EFFICIENCY OF DROP IRRIGATION IN CULTIVATION OF GRAPES IN THE CONDITIONS OF
THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Osgchipok O.,
Research applicant department of irrigated agriculture, Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine
Vozhegov S.,
Doctor of science, Scientific Secretary, Rice Institute NAAS of Ukraine Kokovikhin S., Doctor of Science, Deputy Director for Science, Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine
Drobitko A.,
Doctor of Science, Dean of the Faculty of Agrotechnology, Mykolayiv National agrarian University
Kazanok O.
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Technologies processing and
processing of agricultural products, Kherson State agrarian and economic University
Abstract
On average, over the years of research, when comparing the options for drip irrigation, the advantage of the biologically optimal regime, which ensured the formation of the maximum number of cells 35.5 pcs. The number of leaves on the shoots showed a very significant difference in the options for drip irrigation. A clear pattern of yield growth from 1 bush of non-irrigated areas of grapes, on average, by 15.4-27.1%, from 2.6 to 3.1-3.5 kg/bush. The maximum yield at the level of 9.5 t/ha was obtained under the biologically optimal irrigation regime in 2013, and the minimum - 5.0 t/ha, in the non-irrigated control variant. The soluble dry matter content was maximum on the non-irrigated control variant. Quality indicators improved with the application of biologically optimal drip irrigation regime; in particular, an increase in sugar content was noted, on average by 4.0-7.7%.
Keywords: grapes, drip irrigation, cultivation technology, yield, quality.
In recent years, there are virtually no experimental data on the influence of weather conditions and agricultural measures on the formation of elements of productivity of grape seedlings, in particular, when grown in drip irrigation in southern Ukraine. The technology of using biological has been developed on grapes, which provides for their use in the first two or in the last two sprays. Important scientific and practical significance is the scientific substantiation of the irrigation regime of grape plantations, taking into account the varietal specificity of the modern assortment of grapes, which is an urgent scientific and practical problem.
In field experiments it is proved that the biometric index of aboveground plant organs changed to varying degrees under the influence of drip irrigation and weather conditions in some years. Observations on Arcadia grape plantations revealed that the number of cells of the smallest value was 33.4. acquired in the dry year of 2012. The studied indicator increased by 11.1%,
to 37.1 in 2013 with favorable hydrothermal conditions and the use of biologically optimal irrigation regime.
In the version with resource-saving irrigation mode, a very slight increase of this indicator by 0.5%, up to 33.9 pcs. In the variant with and the biologically optimal mode of drip irrigation, the total number of shoots on the bush was the same as on the non-irrigated control - 33.7 pcs.
There is a significant difference between the number of fruiting shoots, which increased significantly in years with favorable weather conditions and when carrying out vegetative watering by drip irrigation. In the control version, this indicator of grape productivity was, on average over the years of research, 20.9 pcs. In the version with a resource-saving irrigation regime, it increased to 22.5 units, or 7.1%, and in the biologically optimal such an increase was 11.6%.
Fruiting shoots developed in percentage terms the least (58.6%) in arid weather conditions in 2012 in non-
