CC BY
2018_ECONOMICS /
Gulamov S.S.,
academician, PhD (econ.), professor. Center of improvement ofprofessional skill and statistical research of State Committee of statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Shermukhamedov A. T., prof., PhD (phys.-math.), Tashkent branch of Russian Economic University after G.V. Plekhanov
ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF SCIENTISTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY
Abstract: In article a mental potential role in innovative development of economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is described.
Keywords: innovative economy, innovative ideas, efficiency of investments, business plan.
In the conditions of innovative economy for increase of efficiency of investments into public health services the increase in a share of investments into «clever medicine» for development of mental abilities of youth (improvement of memory, speed of thinking and logic of a brain) is important. For preparation intellectually developed, with wide knowledge of highly skilled scientific shots «the clever medicine» is obliged to define since the childhood of area of abilities and talents of each child and annually them to develop on the basis of the complex analysis of factors of increase of mental faculties and the brain capital.
The innovative economy means economy of all kinds of resources for well-being of following generations through innovations and improvement of quality. For innovative development along with investments into the human capital important increase in a share of the investment into «the brain capital», i.e. on perfection of intellectual (intellectual) abilities of scientific shots and businessmen. Innovative ideas and their role in increase of efficiency of investments into economy, undoubtedly, it is high. Therefore for increase of efficiency of investments into formation it is important to pass to «healthy clever formation» and to increase investments into development of "the brain capital», to train children in mechanisms of creation of new knowledge, innovations and their effective utilization for growth of well-being of own family and the people where the minimum consumer basket should be address and reduce the latent hunger individually at each person (lacking to it macro- both microcells and vitamins). For innovative development of Uzbekistan it is important to develop a complex of indicators of growth of quality of the goods and services, especially, for countryside, as an overall objective for active business. Businessmen should work by an advertising principle: prior to the beginning of each business they should think over 7 times the business plan, find a minimum of 7-10 lacks and through innovations to improve quality of the goods and services. Only then they will be competitive in the world market. Analyzing experience and errors of the developed countries at transition to an innovative way of development are necessary for the investment for dividing on "active" and "passive": "active" are on quality and labor productivity growth, development of the capital of a brain, research and development, information and communication technology (ICT), cars and
the equipment, increase in duration of active life and perfection of memory of a brain and speed of thinking etc. "passive" are a building magnificent, but the unnecessary, not demanded areas of buildings, constructions and other infrastructure. It is required to increase sharply "active" investments and temporarily to reduce "passive". That is it is necessary to count seriously times of recovery of outlay and efficiency (return) for $1 of investment investments. Its decrease nature capacities (underground minerals, water, the earth and air), материалоёмкости and power consumption on unit of output and services. And only then the economy will be attractive to foreign investors.
Especially, time reduction of "passive investments» on an infrastructure is required. Otherwise financial assets will not suffice on creation of innovative economy and returning of foreign credits. «The brain capital »as the basic source of innovative progress (buildings, constructions, the car and the equipment are the dead capital without their creative use by the intellectual capital and professional abilities) demands the development and perfection with the help of" clever medicine »both training to creation and an effective utilization of innovations with the help of" clever formation». In final qualifying works of bachelors and магистерских dissertations there should be workings out of technologies, innovations and their modernization for conditions of Uzbekistan. For this purpose training in magistracy should be carried out in English as in all developed countries: Germany, Japan, Korea, etc. It is possible to carry out successfully by preliminary preparation and distribution to students of texts of lectures in English with its transfer into the Uzbek language page by page. The big barrier for Preparations highly skilled scientific, pedagogical (especially, for kindergartens, schools, lycées and college) shots and clever businessmen is quality of reception test tests of entrants at receipt in bachelor degree HIGH SCHOOLS. It is necessary to include in test blocks (having increased their number) all disciplines, trainees at 10-11 school classes, differently at schools after 9 classes many schoolboys badly participated unnecessary disciplines which are not required for receipt in the chosen high school. For justice and равноправности all entrants it is necessary to draw in competitive sheets uniform line on all Republic and to establish a uniform lowest passing score (for example 145 points). Then on the first
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courses of all high schools (except creative) to train under the uniform educational standard and the plan with identical subjects and only after first course on the basis of results year education и definitions of area of abilities and propensities of each student to distribute them on bachelor degree specialties (experience of England, the Tashkent branch Westminster university of first course train students under the identical base program "Foundation Year" and after the first course distribute on specialties). At reception in a magistracy also it is necessary to conduct test tests, especially, on English language (TOEFL, IELTS, SAT, GMAT) and to the logician. In a magistracy it is necessary to select already well knowing English graduates of a bachelor degree in English the final qualifying works containing projects of introduction of foreign innovations in Uzbekistan. In training in English
in magistracy they should be engaged with the supervisor of studies modernization and end of introduction begun in final qualifying works of a bachelor degree of innovations. The interested enterprises and businessmen should sponsor business plans and road maps of these магистерских dissertations. In innovative economy a share occupied with higher education, especially, masters should make more than 60 %. For this purpose it is necessary to develop privet high schools on the basis of state-private partnership, In this case the state should take under the strict control quality of training and delivery of diplomas of the state sample in not state high schools (model of the USA). Not state higher education provides employment of the jobless population and growth of quality and quantity of qualified personnel for innovative economy without the big expenses of the State budget. Are thus reduced offences and influence of terrorist and extremist ideology among youth. The standard of living of the people, basically, is defined by growth of average duration of active life and growth of intellectual and professional abilities. It is necessary for clever medicine to study deeply the reasons of decrease in mental faculties and reduction of average active life expectancy. For increase of efficiency of investments into innovative development of Republic of Uzbekistan it is necessary to introduce widely concepts« the clever businessman "," the clever child "," a clever family "," clever small region "," clever formation "," clever medicine "," clever technology "," the clever house "," a clever and safe city "," clever economy »and at all levels of the government, formation and education to develop a series of measures on preparation competitive« clever shots ». For example, creation of chairs and the centers on perfection of memory and mental faculties (as at schools SNB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs), and also reduction of the latent hunger in system of public catering of educational institutions. The level of development of innovative economy is defined by degree of use ICT and society information, as a whole. From all indicators of the human capital with use ICT (in particular, a share of Internet users in the population) such indicator as a share of scientific researchers which has appeared the important factor of distribution and use of high technologies in regions has the greatest correlation. That is the science role in an innovative society not to be reduced
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only to a role of the supplier of new knowledge and technologies, the scientific organization acts in a role of crystallization and translation of a wide range of socially-technological innovations and the major factor of development of an information society. In Uzbekistan while a share of expenses for a science in gross national product very low. 1991-2016 made 0.1 % and only in 2017 has risen to 0.5 %, whereas in Korea - 4.0 %, in Israel - 4.75 %. The Same low expenses and on dale ICT in the Republic of Uzbekistan - 2.2 %, whereas in Korea - 9 %, in China and India - 4.7 %. It is necessary not to repeat errors of stages of transition of the developed countries from agrarian to industrial, postindustrial and innovative economy (where even at deep processing of a source of raw materials, the last are sharply reduced also the prices for them will constantly grow). It is better directly at once to try to pass to «economy of knowledge» where new knowledge will be made and to be exported their copies (modernization of foreign patents and their export), and the incomes received from export will be spent for purchase and import food and HenpogoBo^bCTBeHHbix and services. For increase of efficiency of investments into young families it is necessary to create in «clever (innovative) families» family schools "pupil-instructor" where wise parents, grandfathers and grandmothers will allocate every day time for innovative education of children: to train to improve quality of the heredity and mental faculties, constantly analyzing factors and conditions of their growth; To train children in the culture and spirituality, life experience, the knowledge and professional abilities, and also the effective decision of daily new problems. For preparation of talented scientific shots it is offered along with searches of the presented youth, to pass with the help of "clever medicine» to scientific methods of a birth and education in following generations «clever children» (Khorazmy is scarlet and Avi-cenna were born clever and talented with excellent memory and logic, 15-20 years were not spent for their inefficient training national money). It is necessary to increase investments by working out of business plans and road maps on transfer of usual families in a category of "clever families» (model of Malaysia) and education of talented children by definition about the help of "clever medicine» areas of abilities of each child (the artist, the musician, the mathematician) and developing these abilities since the childhood with the help of "clever formation», to teach them to use effectively, to be rich and happy (a circus principle - here animals do not train 15 years under the general standards, losing their talents, At each animal develop and creatively use its individual abilities, earning money and glory). It is necessary to allocate 100 talented children and to train them under separate programs as "100 hopes of a science and innovative economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan" (model of Germany, the USA, and Korea). Considering sharp increase in the population of Uzbekistan next century and reduction of natural and material resources, it is required: first, it is necessary in all kinds of human and enterprise activity since the childhood to train in "a principle of economy of cosmonauts»; secondly, to think over the Chinese model «one family of one-two clever child»; thirdly, to develop economic
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and legal bases of preparation and export of the qualified labor, studying requirements for them of the developed countries with highly paid vacancies (experience of China and India on export of experts information communication technology and programmers). For last 12 years to the Republic of Uzbekistan has arrived from working only in Russia more than $37 billion (it without the account of cash). It is offered to use widely «a clever family», «clever small region» and authority of religion by working out of complex actions for training and their active involving in educational process for development in youth of patriotism, innovative thinking and love to perfection and an effective utilization of high technologies. For stimulation of manufacture and purchase of the innovative goods it is offered along with support of businessmen, to raise purchasing capacities of consumers of hi-tech production by address privileges, credits and grants (Chinese model at crises). Efficiency of investments into capital construction and habitation building in the European countries is reached at the expense of development of the enterprises and habitation is not horizontal, and vertically (i.e. 3-5 floors underground and 20-30 floors over the earth). It allows to reach the big economy of ground resources (they at us are sharply reduced) and an infrastructure: one-strayed houses demand a large quantity of metal for a covering of roofs, garages, water drains, water pipes, gas, electricity conducting, etc. - for each family extent of the last makes 20-30 meters. In many-strayed houses these expenses of metal and the earth are reduced in ten times. In many-strayed houses it is possible to replace metal with plastic. Important seriously to improve quality and service life of building materials. For example, a difference between today's жжёным a brick and a 500-year-old Muslim flat square brick (from a bottom mosques at 14-15 a century are constructed.) Or a difference between our cement of mark
300 and the European cement of mark 800-900. At earthquakes they can represent the big danger to life. With a view of increase of efficiency and addressing of investments at formation of the minimum consumer's basket it is necessary to define with the help of "clever medicine» for each person the latent hunger (shortage Ca, I, Fe, Mg etc. - macro- and microcells, vitamins and amino acids). The minimum consumer basket should be address and reduce the latent hunger at each person. Efficiency of investments on educational both religious institutions and high spirituality is defined them of innovation: they should develop a complex of the actions directed on eradication of dependent consumer mood, education at youth of feeling of patriotism and love to innovative business, innovative ideas and high technologies.
Bibliography
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УДК 339.137.25
Дубровская Е. Н.,
к.э.н, доцент кафедры «Финансов, денежного обращения и кредита» БУ ВОХМАО-Югры «Сургутский государственный университет»
Михеева Н.А.
магистрант кафедры «Финансов, денежного обращения и кредита» БУ ВО ХМАО-Югры «Сургутский государственный университет»
DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2019-10032 ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ КАК НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО РЫНКА
Dubrovskaya E. N.,
Ph. D., associate Professor "Finance, money circulation and credit» BUUVO KHMAO-Yugra «Surgut state University»
Mikheyeva N.A.
Undergraduate "Finance, money circulation and credit» BUUVO KHMAO-Yugra «Surgut state University»
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