CC BY
0REFLECTION OF THE PROBLEM OF FORMING INTEREST IN CHEMISTRY BASED ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONNECTING EDUCATION WITH LIFE IN CHEMISTRY TEACHING
Annotation.Applying real-life connections in the teaching of chemistry increases students' interest and motivation, ensures their active participation in lessons, and teaches them how to use what they have learned in daily life. This approach enhances critical thinking and problem-solving skills and also strengthens connections with other subjects. Teachers can use various psychological and pedagogical methods to increase students' interest in lessons. These methods include positive feedback, engaging assignments, active learning, a supportive environment, self-regulation and responsibility, varied teaching methods, demonstrating future goals, and a reward system. These techniques help students to be more interested and actively participate in lessons. Overall, having teachers with healthy psychology and strong pedagogical knowledge is essential to boost students' motivation and create a productive learning environment. Our article extensively discusses these ideas.
Key words: Chemistry teaching,Real-life connections,Student interest, Motivation, Psychological and pedagogical methods,Active learning
KiMYAYA MARAGIN FORMALAÇMASI PROBLEMÎNÎN KiMYA T9DRÉSiND9 TOLÎMÎN H9YATLA 8LAQ8 PRiNSiPiNiN REALLAÇDIRILMASI 9SASINDA 9KS
OLUNMASI
Annotasiya. Kimyanin tddrisindd real hdyati alaqalarin tatbiqi §agirdlarin maraq vd motivasiyasini artirir, onlarin darslarda faal i§tirakini tamin edir va öyrandiklarindan gündalik hayatda istifada etma yollarini öyradir. Bu yana§ma tanqidi dü§ünma va problem hall etma bacariqlarini inki§af etdirir, hamginin digar fanlarla alaqalari güclandirir.Müallimlar §agirdlarin darslara maragini artirmaq ügün müxtalif psixoloji va pedaqoji metodlardan istifada eda bilarlar. Bu metodlar arasinda müsbat raylar, maraqli tap§iriqlar, aktiv öyranma, dastaklayici mühit, öz-özünü tanzimlama va masuliyyat, müxtalif tadris metodlari, galacak maqsadlari göstarmak va mükafatlandirma sistemlari var. Bu üsullar §agirdlarin darslara daha maraqla yana§malarini va faal i§tirakini tamin edir. Ümumilikda, müallimlarin saglam psixologiyaya va güclü pedaqoji biliya sahib olmalari §agirdlarin motivasiyasini artirmaq va mahsuldar bir öyranma mühiti yaratmaq ügün vacibdir. Maqalamizda yuxaridaki fikirlardan geni§ formada bahs olunub.
Agar sözlw. Kimyanin tadrisi,Real hayati alaqalar,§agird maragi, Motivasiya, Psixoloji va pedaqoji metodlar,Faal öyranma
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНТЕРЕСА К ХИМИИ НА ОСНОВЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРИНЦИПА СВЯЗИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ С ЖИЗНЬЮ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ
ХИМИИ
Аннотация-.Применение реальных жизненных связей в преподавании химии увеличивает интерес и мотивацию учащихся, обеспечивает их активное участие на уроках и учит их, как использовать полученные знания в повседневной жизни. Этот подход развивает критическое мышление и навыки решения проблем, а также укрепляет связи с другими предметами. Учителя могут использовать различные психологические и педагогические методы для
HAJIYEVA AFET BEHRAM
k.ü.f.d, Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
ALIYEVA NARMIN ILHAM
Master, Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
повышения интереса учащихся к урокам. Эти методы включают положительные отзывы, увлекательные задания, активное обучение, поддерживающую среду, саморегуляцию и ответственность, разнообразные методы преподавания, демонстрацию будущих целей и систему вознаграждений. Эти техники помогают учащимся более заинтересованно и активно участвовать в уроках. В целом, наличие учителей с здоровой психологией и сильными педагогическими знаниями важно для повышения мотивации учащихся и создания продуктивной учебной среды. В нашей статье подробно обсуждаются эти идеи.
Ключевые слова: Преподавание химии,Реальные жизненные связи,Интерес учащихся, Мотивация, Психологические и педагогические методы,Активное обучение
How does applying the principle of real-life connections in the teaching of chemistry change students' interest in this subject, and what successful outcomes can be achieved with this approach? Alternatively, how can we address the challenges encountered in the process of forming interest in learning within the fields of psychology and pedagogy, and which methods do you think are more effective in this process? Let's explore questions like these.
A teacher must be able to guide students when they are engaged in open activities and teach them how to learn. To do this, the teacher should participate in the classroom as both an active participant and a facilitator. As a facilitator, the teacher should ideally engage students in the lesson.(3)
There should be a subject-subject relationship between the teacher and the student. The most effective way to organize the learning process in an interesting and efficient manner is by connecting the subject with real life. To successfully conduct the teaching process, the teacher must possess a healthy psychology and strong pedagogical knowledge. Teachers can use various psychological methods to increase students' interest in lessons. Some of these methods include:
Positive Feedback
Engaging Assignments
Active Learning
Supportive Environment
Self-Regulation and Responsibility
Varied Teaching Methods
1.Positive Feedback: Recognizing and providing positive feedback on students' efforts and achievements enhances their motivation.
2.Engaging Assignments: Presenting the teaching material in a way that aligns with students' interests and applies to their daily lives makes it more intriguing for them.
3.Active Learning: Group work, discussions, projects, and other interactive activities ensure active participation from students and boost their interest in the lesson.
4.Supportive Environment: Creating a safe and supportive classroom environment helps students feel comfortable and motivated.
5.Self-Regulation and Responsibility: Allowing students to manage their learning process and make decisions increases their sense of responsibility and interest in lessons.
6.Varied Teaching Methods: Using different teaching methods (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, etc.) caters to students with diverse learning styles.
7.Future Goals: Demonstrating how the knowledge gained will be useful in the future increases students' motivation.
8.Reward System: Implementing small rewards and incentives can be used to boost students' motivation.These methods help teachers engage students more actively and with greater interest in the learning process.Teacher's Psychology in the Classroom
The teacher's psychology is crucial for creating a positive impact on students' learning process and increasing their motivation. The correct psychological approach by the teacher helps create a supportive and productive environment in the classroom. Below are some key principles for teacher psychology in the classroom:
Positive Attitude,Empathy and Understanding,Fairness and Equality,Encouragement and Motivation,Active Listening,Openness to Innovation,Learning from Experience andcMistakes, Integrity
Ideal Teacher-Student Relationship. The ideal teacher-student relationship should be based on mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation. Here are the key features of this relationship:
Organization
Communication
Respect
Empathy
1.Respect: Both teacher and student should treat each other with respect. The teacher should value the student's ideas and questions, and the student should respect the teacher's instructions and rules.
2.Empathy: The teacher should strive to understand the student's feelings and situation. The student should also consider the teacher's workload and responsibilities.
3.Communication: Open and sincere communication is crucial. Teachers should listen to students' questions and concerns, and students should not hesitate to speak openly with teachers.
In contrast to the principles of traditional teaching methods, communication during learning can enhance the quality of learning. Communication is not simply the static transmission of knowledge back and forth between participants. The act of communication can lead to development among students. Interaction between speakers and listeners during communication strengthens various processes and activities as they try to reconcile differences and similarities in their perspectives, opinions, and experiences. For students, the outcome of such conversations is new knowledge, reorganized knowledge, or simply additional insights. In any case, the effort to share
and reconcile knowledge among students develops the social act, thereby encouraging students to teach and learn the subject. (3)
4.Organization: The teacher should plan and organize lessons well. Students should come prepared and actively participate in lessons.
5.Motivation: The teacher should encourage students to learn and show interest in new knowledge. Students should strive to improve themselves and complete the assignments given by the teacher.
6.Honesty: Honesty and sincerity in relationships are very important. Teachers and students should be honest with each other and maintain trust.
These features help establish a healthy and productive relationship between the teacher and student.
Methods to Increase Students' Interest in Lessons
In pedagogy, creating interest in lessons among students is achieved through various methods. These methods are used to ensure active participation in lessons and to enhance motivation to learn. Below are some basic methods:
Active Group
Learning Work and
Methods Projects
Integrative and Interactive Technologies
Differentiated Instruction
»Fun and Innovative Teaching
1.Active Learning Methods:
Discussions and Debates: Providing students the opportunity to exchange ideas and defend their positions on various topics.
Problem Solving: Engaging in real-life problem solving to develop students' critical thinking and analytical skills.
2.Group Work and Projects:
Group Tasks: Students work in small groups to solve tasks together. This develops cooperation and communication skills.
Project-Based Learning: Students work on a specific project, gathering information and preparing presentation..
3.Integrative and Interactive Technologies:
Digital Tools and Platforms: Using electronic boards, educational software, and online resources to make lessons more interesting and engaging.
Simulations and Games: Presenting educational material through games and simulations increases students' interest.
4.Differentiated Instruction:
Individual Learning Plans: Assigning teaching methods and tasks according to the individual needs and abilities of students.
Various Teaching Resources: Presenting the same topic with different resources (books, videos, models) to support different learning styles.
In inclusive education, although the role of a teacher is described as an inclusive mediator, they assist all students in succeeding in the general education classroom and school community. Teachers have the power to unite or divide through language.(4)
5.Fun and Innovative Teaching:
Role-Playing and Dramatization: Allowing students to play specific roles and dramatize topics.
Creative Writing and Creativity: Developing students' creativity through writing tasks and other creative activities.
These methods help teachers make lessons more interesting and ensure students' active participation in the learning process.
Creative Approaches to Making Lessons More Interesting and Engaging Teachers can use a variety of creative ways to make lessons more interesting and engaging.
Here are some creative approaches:
1.Gamification:
Educational Games: Presenting topics in a game format. For example, knowledge contests, quizzes, and educational games.
Points and Rewards: Increasing motivation by giving students points, badges, and other rewards.
2.Storytelling:
Stories and Analogies: Explaining teaching topics through stories and analogies can capture students' interest.
Creative Writing: Encouraging students to write their own stories based on the teaching material.
3.Use of Multimedia Tools:
Videos and Animation: Making topics more visual and entertaining by using videos, animations, and other multimedia tools.
Interactive Programs and Applications: Providing students with the opportunity to work with various interactive programs and applications.
4.Experiments and Trials:
Laboratory Experiments: Allowing students to conduct experiments, especially in science lessons.
Field Research: Organizing trips for students to conduct research outside the classroom.
5.Role-Playing and Dramatization:
Role-Playing Games: Reenacting historical events, literature works, and other topics through role-playing.(5)
Dramatization: Dramatizing topics.
6.Art and Creativity:
Art Projects: Engaging in art activities related to the topics, such as drawing, sculpture, and other art forms.
Music and Poetry: Making lessons more interesting through music and poetry.
7.Innovative Use of Technology:
Virtual Reality (VR): Offering students virtual tours and experiences.
Coding and Robotics: Allowing students to experiment with coding and robotics.
8.Individual and Group Projects: (5)
Creative Projects: Allowing students to prepare individual and group projects based on their areas of interest.
Problem-Solving Exercises: Assigning tasks for students to solve real-world problems.
These creative ways make lessons more interesting and engaging, ensuring students' active participation in the educational process.
There are some research results on the development of students' academic and emotional intelligence as a result of the application of modern teaching methods.
In recent years, there has been a continuous increase in research on students' emotional intelligence in schools. One of the main reasons for this growing research trend is the impact emotions have on students' classroom behavior, academic achievement, subjective well-being, career choices, and lifelong learning activities. Given the significant effects of emotions on educational outcomes, it is essential to study them in the school context from an early stage. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationships between students' perceptions and their emotions, focusing on control and value assessments. (2)
Transition from traditional teaching method to modern teaching method
60%
70%
I«
40%
Traditional teaching method Modern teaching method I Academic intelligence 60% 70%
■ Emotional intelligence 40% 60%
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
I Academic intelligence -Линейная (Academic intelligence)
Emotional intelligence
For instance, let's organize an active and interactive chemistry lesson using the Socratic dialogue method. This approach encourages students to think critically, develop their analytical skills, and become active participants in the lesson.Topic: The Nature of Chemical Reactions
Lesson Objectives:
1.Teach students the fundamental principles of chemical reactions.
2.Develop students' critical thinking and analytical skills.
3.Ensure active participation through the use of the Socratic dialogue method.
Lesson Plan:
l.Introduction and Teacher's Questions (10 minutes)
Introduce the Topic: Begin the lesson with a brief introduction, informing students that the topic is chemical reactions.
Open Question: Ask, "What is a chemical reaction?" and listen to the students' answers. Encourage them to think and reveal their prior knowledge about the topic.
2.Socratic Dialogue (30 minutes)
Question and Answer Session:
Question 1: "What do you understand by the difference between a chemical reaction and a physical change? Explain as you understand."
Question 2: "What chemical reactions do you think we encounter in our daily lives?" Teach students the methods of investigation to understand the role of chemistry in our lives.
Question 3: "What is the impact of chemical reactions on energy?" This question will prompt students to think about exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Question 4: "Why is it important to control chemical reactions, handle chemicals carefully, and know the rules of conduct in the laboratory?"This question allows for a discussion on safety and environmental issues.
Critical Thinking and Discussion: After each question, listen to students' answers, deepening their thoughts and arguments. As a teacher, provide only guiding questions and allow students to form their own ideas.
3.Practical Assignment and Observation (20 minutes)
Experiments:
Experiment 1: Reaction with gas release - Vinegar and baking soda. Assign students to carry out the reaction and record their observations.
Experiment 2: Color changes - Acid-base reactions with phenolphthalein. Ask students to observe the color changes with different substances.
Discussion of Observations: After the experiments, ask students to share their observations with the class and discuss the results.
4.Creative Assignment (15 minutes)
Role Play: Divide students into small groups and ask them to prepare short skits about chemical reactions. For example, one group could act out a combustion reaction, and another could illustrate a neutralization reaction.
Presentation of Skits: Each group presents their skit and answers questions from other students.
5.Lesson Conclusion and Reflection (5 minutes)
Summary of the Lesson: Provide a brief summary to remind students of the key points learned during the lesson.
Reflection: Ask students to write down what they learned, what they found most interesting, and what they would like to learn in the future.
Equipment and Safety:
Necessary equipment and chemicals for the experiments.
Safety goggles and gloves.
Teacher supervision during experiments.
Conclusion:
This lesson plan will help ensure active student participation using the Socratic dialogue method, develop their critical thinking skills, and provide a deep understanding of chemical reactions. By guiding students with questions, the teacher will help them form their own ideas and thoroughly understand the topic. Experiments and creative assignments will make learning fun and memorable.
Methods to Make Chemistry Lessons Interesting by Connecting to Real Life:
There are several methods to make chemistry lessons interesting by relating them to real life. These methods can help students better understand the subject and increase their interest in learning:
1.Relate Chemistry Topics to Everyday Life Examples: Explain chemistry topics using everyday life examples to make the lesson more engaging. For instance:
Cooking Processes and Chemical Reactions:
Fermentation: Explain how yeast breaks down sugars and releases carbon dioxide gas when baking bread. This causes the bread to rise.
Acid-Base Reactions: Use of lemon juice and baking soda in cakes. These substances react to release carbon dioxide gas, causing the cake to rise.
2.Cleaning Agents and Their Principles:
Soaps and Detergents: Explain the mechanism of soap cleaning by mixing oil and water. Describe how soap molecules work with hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.
3.Chemical Reactions in Food and Beverages:
Acids and Bases: Explain how the pH value of lemon juice and vinegar used in salad dressings affects the color and taste of vegetables. The color of vegetables depends on the pigments they contain. The color of pigments can change depending on the pH value of the environment.
Emulsification: Explain how egg yolk combines oil and water to create a stable mixture when making mayonnaise. Egg yolk contains a natural emulsifier called lecithin, which has both hydrophobic (oil-loving) and hydrophilic (water-loving) groups.
Mechanism: When making mayonnaise, lecithin in egg yolk surrounds oil droplets and keeps them stable in water. Hydrophobic ends stick to oil droplets, while hydrophilic ends point towards water. This prevents the separation of oil and water, creating a stable mixture.
4.Fertilizers: Explain the functions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in fertilizers used for plant growth.
5.Changes in the State of Substances in Daily Life:
Water Cycle: Explain processes such as water boiling and evaporating at home, and ice melting. Explain that these are changes in the state of substances and describe the processes of energy absorption and release.
6.Chemical Processes in the Human Body:
Digestion Process:
Stomach Acid (HCl): Stomach acid plays a crucial role in breaking down food and killing pathogens.
Enzymes: Enzymes secreted by the stomach and pancreas (e.g., pepsin, amylase) break down food substances (proteins, carbohydrates).
Breathing Process:
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide: Oxygen passes from the alveoli to blood vessels, while carbon dioxide goes in the opposite direction.
Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the
body.
7.Impact of Chemicals on Health:
Vitamins and Minerals:
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant and strengthens the immune system.
Iron (Fe): Iron is a component of hemoglobin and increases the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.
8.Toxic Substances and Detoxification:
Nicotine and Other Toxic Substances: Drugs are a poison that devastates people, especially the youth, both materially and morally. Every drug creates dependency in a very short time. They cause tension, irritability, insomnia, and inappropriate behavior, as well as gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney diseases, anemia, eye paralysis, skin sores and acne, unbearable pain, and many other symptoms in the body. Students, especially those in their teenage years, should be educated about these dangers.(6)
Nicotine: Explain the chemical structure of nicotine and its effects on the body.
Detoxification: Describe the process of breaking down toxins in the liver.
Explanation: Explain to students how nicotine affects the body and discuss the detoxification process for other toxic substances. Discuss the results of a healthy lifestyle and the use of harmful
substances.
As we know, practice and feedback are crucial for learning. Unfortunately, the greatest limitation in providing students with adequate practice and feedback is time constraints. While we cannot control the length of a semester or the duration of a class period, we can achieve effective results by experimenting with certain methods. This way, we can discover ways to "work smarter" rather than harder.(1)res
We can create an active lesson by using creative teaching methods that reflect the connection of chemistry with life. Here are some teaching methods that will help students connect chemistry concepts with life through interactive and interesting activities:
Experiments Relating to Everyday Life '
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Practical Experiments
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Chemistry and Health
Environmental Chemistry
Historical Context
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Product Manufacturing
Technology
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Composition of Food Materials
1.Experiments Relating to Everyday Life:
Experiment: Household Chemical Reactions
Materials: Baking soda, vinegar, cooking oil, water, food coloring, various containers.
Instruction: Ask students to perform a simple chemical reaction with baking soda and vinegar. The reaction between vinegar and baking soda produces carbon dioxide gas, observed as bubbles.
Discussion: Have students discuss the reaction they observed and how it is used in everyday life (e.g., baking soda and vinegar as a cleaning agent).
2.Practical Experiments:
Experiment: Testing Acids and Bases
Materials: Lemon juice, vinegar, soap, baking soda, red cabbage juice (as a pH indicator), various containers.
Instruction: Have students determine if different solutions are acids or bases using red cabbage juice. Red cabbage juice turns red with acids and green or blue with bases.
Discussion: Ask students to discuss where acids and bases are used in daily life (e.g., in cleaning agents, food).
3.Chemistry and Health:
Lecture and Discussion: Chemistry of Medicines
Materials: PowerPoint presentation, samples of medicines (aspirin, vitamins).
Instruction: Prepare a presentation about the composition of medicines and how they work. Provide information on the chemical composition of aspirin and vitamins and their effects on the body.
Antibiotics: Explain how antibiotics work by breaking down bacterial cell walls or blocking protein synthesis. Emphasize that antibiotics are not effective against viruses and that misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance.
4.Environmental Chemistry:
Project: Water Purification System
Materials: Sand, gravel, cotton, activated carbon, plastic bottles, dirty water.
Instruction: Ask students to create their own water purification systems. They should use plastic bottles and various materials (sand, gravel, cotton, activated carbon) to clean dirty water.
Discussion: Have students discuss their experiment results and explain the importance of water purification processes. Also, discuss the importance of clean water for the environment and health.
5.Product Manufacturing:
Experiment: Making Soap at Home
Materials: Vegetable oil, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), water, food coloring, fragrance oils.
Instruction: Ask students to conduct a simple experiment to make soap at home. They will react vegetable oil with sodium hydroxide to obtain soap and glycerin.
Discussion: Ask students to explain the chemical composition of soap and how the process works. Also, discuss the ingredients and processes used in the production of different types of soap.
6. Composition of Food Materials
Experiment 1: Combustion of Food Materials
Materials: Dry food materials (e.g., walnuts, almonds), metal clip, source of flame (e.g., alcohol lamp).Procedure: Place the dry food material on a metal clip and burn it with a source of flame. Observe the ash and the amount of heat energy produced after burning.
Explanation: During combustion, the energy in the food materials is released. This experiment helps students understand that food materials are energy sources and explains the combustion process.
Experiment 2: Starch Test
Materials: Potato, iodine solution.
Procedure: Drop iodine solution on potato slices. The parts containing starch will turn a blue-black color.
Explanation: Iodine reacts with starch, causing a color change. This experiment helps students identify starch in food materials.
Experiment 3: Determination of Fe Content in Some Food Materials. Students cut an apple and wait for a while. As a result, they observe that the cut part of the apple turns reddish-brown. This indicates the presence of Fe3+ ions in the apple.(7)
7. Technology and Innovation
Discussion: Nanotechnology and Its Applications
Materials: PowerPoint presentation, video materials.
Instructions: Prepare a presentation on nanotechnology for the students. Explain how nanoparticles and nanomaterials are used in various fields (medicine, electronics, energy).
Discussion: Ask students to discuss the impacts of nanotechnology in the modern world and its potential uses in the future.
8. Historical Context
Role Play: Great Chemical Discoveries
Materials: Costumes, role cards, information on historical discoveries.
Instructions: Ask students to reenact historical chemical discoveries through role play. For example, Antoine Lavoisier's discovery of the role of oxygen in combustion or Marie Curie's discovery of radioactivity.
Discussion: Ask students to discuss how these historical discoveries have influenced the development of chemistry and their applications in modern science.
These methods will help students connect chemistry with real life and make lessons more interesting and interactive. Through various experiments, discussions, and projects, students will better understand how chemistry is used in real life and how it affects their daily lives.
We will provideyou with detailed information on the integration of chemistry's real-life connections with other subjects in our upcoming articles.
REFERENCES:
1. "How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching" by Susan A. Ambrose,Michael W. Bridges, Marsha C. Lovett,Michele DiPietro, Marie K. Norman. United States of America2010. Page 124-125
2. The Relative Effectiveness of Different Active Learning Implementations in Teaching Elementary School Students How to Design Simple Experiments" article. Amedee Marchand Martella, David Kahr, Weiling Li. Published in the "Journal of Educational Psychology"January 6, 2020. Page2
3. Constructivist Learning Environments: Case Studies in Instructional Design" by Brent G. Wilson. Published by Educational Technology Publications.Page 152-153
4. "The Inclusion Facilitator's Guide"Mary C. Schuh va Cheryl M. Jorgensen. United States of America 2006. Page 21
5. "Metodika va Pedaqogika yenilanmi§ çarçiva asasinda vasaif'.TAÎM 2024.Page. 71,73
6. Alcoholic Beverages, Cigarettes, and Others. Alparslan Ozyazici. 2004. Turkey. Pages 126, 127.
7. Journal of Chemical education. Volume 89 issue 1.January 2012 8A
8. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/chemistry-of-life
